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CityTales and CountryScapes
CityTales and CountryScapes
An exhibition by Nelson Makamo
CityTales and CountryScapes
                                                           CityTales and CountryScapes
                                                            An exhibition by Nelson Makamo




Contents
 6   Acknowledgements
 7   Foreword
     David Koloane

 8   Contested Contemporaneity: Reflections on Nelson Makamo’s Neo-Figurative Subjects
     Portia Malatjie

14   Inspirations at the Periphery: Reviewing the Work of Nelson Makamo
     Nontobeko Ntombela

17   Images
40   Nelson Makamo’s Curriculum Vitae
41   Nelson Makamo’s Biography
42   About the Contributors
43   Exhibition and Catalogue Teams




                                                                              CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   5
Foreword
                               Acknowledgements                                                                                                                       David Koloane


                               When Nelson Makamo approached Doctor David Koloane to curate his solo exhibition at Museum Africa, Doctor Koloane, due to his          The Twenty-First century is upon us, although only a few years ago, it appeared a millennium away. It has brought in its wake new
                               busy schedule, suggested to Makamo that I curate the show instead. Doctor Koloane has created an opportunity for me to spread          technology such as digital video computer and other related high tech art-making devices.
                               my curatorial wings, and for that I shall be eternally grateful.
                                                                                                                                                                      The postcolonial period or, closer to home, the post Mandela period has resulted in the acceptance of ‘multiculturalism’ as a global
                               I am thankful to Nelson Makamo for agreeing to work with me, and for entrusting me with his exhibition. A big thank you also goes      phenomenon embracing diverse cultures. After the demise of the School of Paris and the School of New York, the community of
                               to Bertrand Reverdy for funding the exhibition. It is through his patronage that Makamo is able to form part of the South African      contemporary art began to include, at last, the previously colonised parts of the world. These areas had long been excluded from the
                               contemporary art scene.                                                                                                                international art scene.

                               I am grateful to Museum Africa for the space in which to host the exhibition. A special thank you goes to Zola Mtshiza for assisting   It is interesting to note that despite these drastic changes on the international front, South Africa is still entrapped in some of its artificial
                               me with everything related to Museum Africa.                                                                                           barriers created by the racial zoning of the past. The art market in South Africa has always been controlled and determined by white
                                                                                                                                                                      role players over the years. There is presently, however, a bold new generation of practitioners who refuse to be held hostage by the
                               This catalogue would not have been possible without the assistance of a few people. I am grateful to Derilene Marco who edited the
                                                                                                                                                                      past and expedite whatever opportunities that exist in the visual arts towards their benefit.
                               catalogue texts; Nyembezi Phiri of Studio Bezique designs; Madoda Mkhobeni of madimagescapture and Shawn Hatting of Simdall
                               Projects. A big thank you goes to Lois Anguria for compiling the contributor’s biographies. Nontobeko Ntombela moved beyond
                                                                                                                                                                      The vexation over who is an international artist and who is not is still a discriminating factor employed in categorising artists and their
                               writing the second essay in this catalogue, as she allowed me to pick her brain on a regular basis, imparting great knowledge about
                                                                                                                                                                      acceptance into the art market. It is not until artists take fate into their own hands that effective change will be possible. Black African
                               her curatorial experience.
                                                                                                                                                                      entrepreneurs will need to play a major role in the complexities of the art market in order to release black practitioners from the cap in
                                                                                                                                                                      hand. This will include weaning ourselves from dependence on the commercial gallery.
                               I am also grateful to those who helped with the exhibition. They include Samson Matentji and William Mabidilala, Scandisplay, the
                               Installation Team and David Lewis-Browne.
                                                                                                                                                                      Portia Malatjie is a young art historian and an independent curator who has undertaken the responsibility of curating Nelson Makamo’s
                               Tiffany Mentoor and Lois Anguria have been superb administrators on this project. I have thoroughly enjoyed working with them and      exhibition at the Museum Africa complex. Nelson Makamo from the Limpopo province is an alumni of the Artists Proof Studio. The
                               appreciate their dedication and their creative input. I certainly look forward to working with them again in future.                   exhibition is hosted by Museum Africa. The museum is one of the few state institutions with a black African director at its helm. True
                                                                                                                                                                      to the saying ‘the wheels of government grind slowly’, very few other institutions in this country have black heads – some of these
                               Portia Malatjie                                                                                                                        institutions are: The National Gallery and Museum in Cape Town and The State Theatre in Pretoria.

                                                                                                                                                                      It is an imperative for black African role players to acquire the necessary expertise to remove whatever artificial barriers and obstacles
                                                                                                                                                                      that still exist. The rigorous training of yesteryear in the traditional techniques of drawing and sculpture are no longer compulsory in
                                                                                                                                                                      art training in tertiary institutions. Students are taught new media techniques and this has provided them with numerous options to
                                                                                                                                                                      bypass the traditional techniques of drawing, sculpture and assemblage.

                                                                                                                                                                      Yet the irony is that an internationally revered artist such as William Kentridge still employs traditional techniques in his drawing based
                                                                                                                                                                      on animation. It is of course much easier to point a camera and video than a drawing device. Nelson Makamo, in his exhibition,
                                                                                                                                                                      extracts and gleans subject matter from personal experience. His work will hopefully illustrate the solidity of traditional artistic methods
                                                                                                                                                                      and their timeless intervention.




6   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   7
Contested Contemporaneity:
Reflections on Nelson Makamo’s Neo-Figurative Subjects
Portia Malatjie


I have not had varsity education. That really bothers me.                                    description of contemporary art in ‘non-Western countries’ to discuss the current                                                 work in this form of aesthetic theory could utilise traditional art forms and still have
I feel that I have not learnt enough - Lehlohonolo Mashaba                       1
                                                                                             accepted standard of art in South Africa. Belting4 suggests that                                                                  their work valued. The latter classification suggests that the value of the artwork is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               dependent on the theory and idea behind it8. This means that in order to appreciate a
[There] are ideas that lie beyond the pale of any existing                                       ...beyond the West, contemporary art...is hailed as a liberation from                                                         work of art, the spectator needs to be acquainted with the theories referred to by the
academic community. If you express such ideas you will be                                        modernism’s heritage and is identified with local art currents of recent                                                       artists, and the unintended theories that the artwork is referencing.
considered an eccentric. But if standards change, you may                                        origins. In such terms, it offers revolt against both art history with its Western
not remain an eccentric forever. - David Carrier                      2                          meaning, and against ethnic traditions, which is seen like prisons for local                                                  It could be argued that the South African contemporary art scene falls under the
                                                                                                 culture in the global world .
                                                                                                                             5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               latter classification of aesthetics. This classification is very elitist and exclusionary as it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               eliminates spectators who do not know the context of the artwork, nor are well versed
The contemporary South African art platform is filled with a variety of role players          Following from Belting, I would suggest that contemporaneity not only revolts against                                             in art history or academic theory. In contemporary South African art, a work that is
and sub-groupings. These sub categories consist mainly but not exclusively of                ‘ethnic tradition’ but against any art form that is not recent.                                                                   reliant on its formalism and not theory provides proof of its ‘non-intellectuality’ and
commercial galleries, academics who are often affiliated with universities, art critics,                                                                                                                                        non-contemporaneity. This preference of theoretical ideas over the work’s formalism
university art students, art centre students, museum art historians or administrators,       When considering the South African art media, one can argue that there is a bias                                                  is a perpetuation of the perennial binary oppositions of ‘high’ art versus ‘low/popular’
and curators, whether working independently or in an institution.                            towards contemporary artworks that utilise newer art mediums. There appears to be a                                               art where contemporary, cutting edge art is seen as high art.
                                                                                             general disinterest in traditional art mediums such as painting, analogue photography,
These interrelated groups are often in a state of perpetual conflict: commercial              drawing and printmaking- more recent, perhaps ‘cutting edge’ mediums such as                                                      Emerging artists9, especially those working in traditional media and producing
gallerists are criticised by academics for being obsessed with money while academics         video art, performance art and installation art take preference. Beyond using current                                             works that are not laden with concepts that require a substantial amount of
are dismissed as being overly theoretical3. Although there are numerous forms of             media, contemporary art works often have to explore contemporary issues in an                                                     theory to decode, find it difficult to generate interest in their works -both within the
classifications, some groups never become part of the debates within mainstream art           abstract, theoretical and conceptual manner. The ideas explored in the work add to                                                scholarly and mainstream realms. These artists’ works are hardly ever perceived as
because their practice appears to not be worthy of mention. Some of these groups             their sense of contemporaneity and avant-gardism.                                                                                 contemporary, and to lack contemporaneity is to not belong. To ‘belong’ in the art
are artists that work in what is called craft, and artists that work in traditional media.                                                                                                                                     domain is accompanied by some visibility. For an artist to be present and visible, both
While some of these groupings are excluded from mainstream art, there are the                Another criterion for the inclusion/exclusion inherent in contemporary art is the                                                 artist and work need to be known, written about, and almost often publicly acclaimed
groupings that partake in and enforce the exclusionary process. Art historians, art          matter of aesthetics. Aesthetic theory, as argued by Robert Gero6, was divided into                                               to attain a spot in the historical and current narrative(s) of South African art.
critics and other purveyors of “high” art decide on the kinds of artworks that are           two categories. There is a difference between the formalism of a work- the look of
worthy of criticism or worthy of forming the basis of art historical research.               the work- and the theory or idea behind it. In the former classification of aesthetic                                              In the same way that artists such as Nelson Makamo are not researched, art historians
                                                                                             judgment, spectators are able to view and appreciate a work of art without knowing                                                also did not show interest in researching African art soon after it entered Europe at the
Contemporaneity is arguably one of the criteria for accepting works in the South                                                                                                        Where I Rest my Head is my Home
                                                                                             the context of the art work, but more importantly, without art historical or social                                               turn of the 20th century. Even though African art was becoming part of art collections
                                                                                                                                                                                      Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper
African mainstream art domain. The issue of contemporaneity is arguably one of the           scientific scholarship and theory . The aesthetics of the work is dependent mainly on
                                                                                                                                 7                                                                            70 x 105.5 cm    and institutions in the west, this was not matched by equally intense research on the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2011
reasons for excluding some artists from the mainstream. I will borrow Hans Belting’s         the formalism of the work and the emotions it arouses in the spectator. Artists who                                               work. The information on African artworks at hand was speculative- the works could




8   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                                                                                                                                      CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   9
be appreciated sans context10. In the same way that African art was “undeserving                            African artists in anthropological and ethnographic museums in the West. Among               In some of Makamo’s work, it is hard to tell the difference between the urban and the     In The Boy in Me, Makamo looks back to his childhood. Nostalgia for his childhood
of the more serious scholarly attention devoted to other world art tradition”11,                            these shows are Liberated Voices (1999) at the National Museum of Modern Art in              rural. For example, works such as Some Memories are Hard to Forget (2011) could           is a constant motif in his work; he continuously makes reference to his young self in
contemporary artists who produce works outside of the normative contemporary art                            New York. Being shown in museums in the ‘West’ was a manner of classification and             be a comment on his rural home (Modimolle) or perhaps a township in Johannesburg          Modimolle. Another reference to home is in the work Where I Rest my Head is my
standards are relegated to that same fate. While collectors purchase their work- often                      of differentiating great (Western) artists from the ‘other’ i.e. African artists. However,   (his new home). This ambiguity brings life to the work, challenging the viewer to         Home (2011). In this work, Makamo references the idea of a sense of belonging in
from their studios- their works are not discussed in art historical research.                               with the birth of new museology, museums are rapidly reconsidering their existence           decode the works beyond the given visual evidence.                                        the city. While Johannesburg might not be seen as ‘home’ for many black people
                                                                                                            and meaning on the contemporary art scene.                                                                                                                                             (Ntombela discusses this further by suggesting that people still refer to their rural
Nelson Makamo and many others like him, form part of this excluded grouping                                                                                                                              Makamo is fascinated by the city and its inhabitants; his works explore the multitude     homes as ‘home home’), Makamo suggests that people can make any place their
that hardly ever get discussed. Despite having exhibited locally and internationally                                                                                                                     of narratives experienced by the contemporary city dweller or city visitor. The city of   home, including the city. Black people are no longer outcasts of the city; they don’t
over the past few years, Makamo’s work does not really form part of any critical                            Discussing the Content of Makamo’s Work                                                      Johannesburg shows the imprint of the apartheid system. Under the Group Areas             merely access it to do menial work.
discursive platform12. One of the aims of the CityTales and CountryScapes exhibition                                                                                                                     Act (1950), Hendrik Verwoerd’s government ensured that black people’s movement
is to showcase Nelson Makamo’s work in mainstream art scene and to open up a                                                                                                                             to the city was controlled. Black people could only enter the city if they were going     Where I Rest My Head is my Home is a ghost print of The Boy in Me II (2011).
                                                                                                            Nelson Makamo’s work is deeply rooted in figuration. In his oeuvre, one can observe
discussion about his work through the show and the exhibition catalogue.                                                                                                                                 to work and contribute to the expanding apartheid capitalist system. As Achille           Makamo always pays attention to the formalism in his work. He seldom relies on
                                                                                                            a motif and a conceptual framework located in contemporary rural-urban migration.
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Mbembe and Sarah Nuttall observed, Johannesburg was “shaped in the crucible of            the printing press, almost always reworking his monoprints and silkscreens with ink
                                                                                                            His work, which can be classified as contemporary figurative art or neo-figurative art,
There is a danger that exists in the power placed in both the art historian as well as the                                                                                                               colonialism and by the labor of race”16.                                                  and pastel. Most of his works are worked over with red and blue pastel, which are
                                                                                                            explores issues of contemporary rural-urban migration in South Africa.
art critic. One finds it rather disturbing that decision making, power and authoritative                                                                                                                                                                                                            the artist’s personal symbols of life and serenity respectively. The main print and
opinion over creativity lies not with the artist but rather outside of the realm of artistic                                                                                                             Makamo’s view of the city, seen in his work, seems to suggest that the city’s main        the ghost print become different works through the reworking process as Makamo
                                                                                                            The birth of neo-figurative art in Mexico and Spain in the 1960s served to disrupt
production, in the hands of curators, critics, and those whose job is to ‘observe’.                                                                                                                      visitors are black people. It seems that the walls put up by the apartheid regime         brings them to life in different ways.
                                                                                                            the exclusionary nature of modern art by reintroducing an expressionist figurative
However, one cannot wholly dismiss the authority that critics and art historians have                                                                                                                    that demarcated areas where black people were allowed to go, and control the
                                                                                                            art form. By returning to the figurative mode of representation, neo-figurative art
with regard to influencing South African art history13. By choosing which works are                                                                                                                       times of their movements through the city, have not been entirely knocked down.           Sometimes his subjects are wearing glasses while at other times they cover their
                                                                                                            questions modernity’s insistence on newness, progress and elitism. A discussion                                                                                                        ears with headphones. Are they attempting to shut out the city’s lights or drown out
reviewed or researched, art historians and art critics set the standard for the kinds                                                                                                                    The rather foolish mechanism of discriminating using race has been replaced by a
of work that should be produced. Similarly, curators also have an authority with                            of Makamo’s works in the framework of neo-figurative art contests the elitist and             perhaps more insidious mode of classification: class. To confront the current state        the noise in the streets of Johannesburg? Is he suggesting that only the noise they
regards to the kinds of works we choose to exhibit. This process of standardisation                         so-called progressive nature of postmodernism and the kind of contemporaneity it             of Johannesburg’s inner city- decayed, grimy and seemingly deserted- is to deal           produce is the only sound they will listen to? His subjects are always on a mission,
is exclusionary in nature. David Carriers                 14
                                                               asserts that, “to talk about standards for   suggests.                                                                                    with contemporary socio-economic and political issues of space and belonging. The         either walking away from the viewer or towards them, but, invariably, they are always
evaluating creativity is…to talk about how communities validate opinions and make                                                                                                                        works ask who owns, who visits, who has fled and who has returned to the city.             holding plastic bags, perhaps gesturing at the lumpen pavement commerce.
it possible to have constrained debates.” Artists falling outside of these ‘constrained                     Makamo’s work explores the manner in which rural-urban migration has changed
debates’ are relegated to a career of untroubled privacy, hawking their works from                          in accordance to contemporary culture. While migration still occurs, it has assumed          In his recent work, Makamo has taken to presenting his subjects from a different          The exhibition title, CityTales and CountryScapes, is an oxymoronic take on the shifting
their studios and exhibiting in shows that never receive public attention.                                  different forms. The boundaries between rural and urban are also becoming blurred            perspective: a view from his fourth floor studio in August House, a new hub for            state of rural-urban migration. Tales are often associated with tradition and, therefore,
                                                                                                            as more rural areas are beginning to resemble urban landscapes15. Urban spaces are           Johannesburg’s art community. The aerial, “god-like” view- in works such as Monday        the rural; scapes (as in cityscapes and not landscapes) are often associated with the
Making use of Museum Africa as a space to exhibit contemporary art is not without                           on the trot, encroaching onto the terrain of neighbouring urban areas and giving rise        Midday (2011) and Pay Day (2011) - is one experienced by many, including those            city. Nelson Makamo’s work is an attempt to construct a narrative, varied tales, about
its challenges. Reference to the space unearths an old debate about exhibiting                              to conurbation.                                                                              who live and work in high rise building in the Johannesburg CBD.                          his and other people’s experiences of living in the city.




10   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   11
Footnotes

1    L. Mashaba, Artist Proof Studios graduate, unpublished interview
     with Portia Malatjie, 2010.
2    D. Carriers, “Deep Innovation and Mere Eccentricity: Six Case
     Studies of Innovation in Art History” in E. Mansfield, ed., Art History
     and its Institutions: Foundations of A Discipline. London; New York:
     Routledge, 2002, p. 115.
3    E. Mansfield, “Introduction”, in E. Mansfield, ed., Art History and
     its Institutions: Foundations of a Discipline. London; New York:
     Routledge, 2002, pp 2-3.
4    Hans Belting, “Contemporary Art and the Museum in the Global
     Age” in P. Weibel and A. Buddensieg, ed., Contemporary Art and
     the Museum, Germany: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2007, p. 2.
5    Belting’s text is slightly limited in that he does not acknowledge
     the different traditional art forms that have been produced in these
     so-called ‘non-Western’ countries. His text suggests that there was
     ‘ethnic’ art forms, and later ‘contemporary art. He fails to account
     for ‘modernist’ art production that has been taking place in areas
     like South Africa for many decades.
6    R. Gero, “Introduction: The Border of the Aesthetic” in J. Elkin, ed.,
     Art History Versus Aesthetics, London: New York: Routlegde, 2006
7    R. Gero, p. 6.
8    R. Gero, p. 3.
9    I make a point of distinguishing emerging artists from established
     artists with regard to their use of media. Artists such as David
     Koloane, Colbert Mashile, William Kentridge and Deborah Bell work
     in printmaking and drawing, and their use is accepted in South
     African Art domain.
10   C. Steiner, p. 134.
11   C. Steiner, p. 137
12   There are a number of articles written on Makamo, including one
     in True Love (a popular magazine published by Media 24), which
     do not constitute critical discussions. Apart from a few instances,
     such as Makamo’s interview with Robyn Sassen (2007) in Art South
     Africa, Makamo has hardly been discussed in mainstream art scene.
13   The art historian and the art critic are important and so is the art
     patron or sponsor. Christopher Steiner (2002; 132) points to the
     influence that collectors had on the history of African art. In fact, it
     was the collectors who cleared the path for the art historians to set
     their discourses in writing. It is important to point out that CityTales
     and CountryScapes was made possible by Bertrand Reverdy, an art
     advocate by his own definition, as an attempt to rectify some of the
     exclusionary problems we are faced with in South African arts.
14   D. Carriers, p. 117.
15   T. Champion & G. Hugo, “Introduction: Moving Beyond the Urban-
     Rural Dichotomy” in T. Champion and G. Hugo, ed., New Forms of
     Urbanization: Beyond the Rural-Urban Dichotomy, England: Ashgate
     Publishing, 2004, p. 3.
16   A. Mbembe & S. Nuttall, “Introduction: Afropolis” in A. Mbembe and
     S. Nuttall, ed., USA: Duke University Press, 2008, p. 1.




12     |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo          CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   13
The Journey of Inspiration:
Reviewing the Context Nelson Makamo’s Work
Nontobeko Ntombela


South Africa’s recent and distant history has been shaped, in no small part, by migration,                        the formation of a new visual vocabulary, increased recognition of black artists and
                                                                                                                                                  vocabular                                                  Makamo’s work depicts his numerous journeys between Modimolle and
especially that of rural dwellers moving to the urban areas. Disenfranchisement and                               expansion in the consumption of black art. The exhibitions, Neglected Traditions:          Johannesburg. His work also documents how the conditions of these spaces and
land expropriations pushed people from their rural idylls into urban spaces to become                             Towards a New History of South African Art: 1930 – 1988, curated by Steven Sack,
                                                                                                                                                                         1988                                their features continue to inspire many artistic movements. The way he documents
part of the cash economy.                                                                                         Tributaries Exhibition (1985) curated by Ricky Burnett, and Land and Lives (1990), are     these spaces brings to light the social impacts of these movements: the depopulation
                                                                                                                  consequences of this new interest.                                                         of rural landscapes and the concomitant overpopulation of the cities.
Apartheid’s core infrastructure has been dismantled but rural-urban migration
continues as people move to the city to earn a living. The migration is a one-way                                 However, the energy levels of yesteryear seem to have subsided. Perhaps the                His works show an interest in people and his portrayal of the city dwellers is both
street that siphons young people’s move from the rural to deposit them into the urban                             assumption is that, with the advent of democracy, opportunities have now become            tender and stark, and this is especially evident in the work titled Dreams (2010). This
areas. Few make the return journey. One could argue that the same is true about                                   equitable3. Higher education in the arts remains mostly available in the large cities.     is a representation of several street kids huddling for warmth against an indifferent,
artistic practice; due to a lack of higher education facilities and dearth of opportunities                                                                                                                  cold cityscape. In the more recent work, Some Memories are Hard to Forget (2011),
                                                                                                                  This means that artists from rural areas have to move to the cities to access these
in rural areas, artists in those areas move to the big cities to gain a qualification and                                                                                                                     he uses memory as a strategy to create a nostalgic narrative grounded in his rural
                                                                                                                  opportunities - a journey which Makamo made from Modimolle to Johannesburg.
make a living.                                                                                                                                                                                               upbringing. Shopping for Life Materials (2011) is a wry commentary on urban
                                                                                                                  Remaining in rural areas means that (aspiring) artists will find it hard to interact with
                                                                                                                                                                                                             consumption.
                                                                                                                  an audience that could potentially gain interest in their work.
The current lack of opportunities is a result of South Africa’s apartheid past. Arts and
craft previously called ‘handicraft1’ was included into the primary school curriculum                                                                                                                        Nelson Makamo uses his creative skill to make poignant commentary on the urban
                                                                                                                  Nelson Makamo’s work investigates the urban and the rural, the relationship between
in 1948-the year the National Party took over. This was a consequence of Prime                                                                                                                               and the rural and the movement between these two spaces. His work provides us
                                                                                                                  these and the occupiers of those spaces. He is observant in noting the people’s
Minister Hendrik Verwoerd’s belief of the inferiority of black people - he expressed                                                                                                                         with a new, insistent vocabulary to define and map our everyday spaces.
                                                                                                                  everyday experiences and the connectedness of different cultures and how this
this in the now infamous statement that described blacks as fit only to be “hewers
                                                                                                                  results in the creation of new identities - what could be called a multiplicity of city    Footnotes
of wood and drawers of water”2 – in essence, Verwoerd made it apparent that the
                                                                                                                  cultures. The title of the CityTales and CountryScapes exhibition examines concepts
apartheid system had clear delineations of power and in this system, black people
                                                                                                                  around identity, belonging and culture. Makamo’s work is a depiction of his personal       1 Gladys Mgudlandlu an artist and art teacher in the 50s and 70s was quoted on the The Cape Argus
were fit only to be labourers. Those who went through the schooling system were                                                                                                                                 newspaper, 4 January 1971 in an interview about the methods she uses to teach art in school. In this
taught art forms that could have been perceived as inferior- examples of these are                                experiences and his gaze of the world. The South African world he’s looking at is one        interview she refers to the ‘arts and craft’ as ‘handicraft’, the subject name that was used in the Bantu
carving, beading and weaving. These paved a way of preparing black people for their                               still plagued by poverty and deep structural inequalities. The causes of these realities     school curriculum. She was quoted saying ‘Handicraft as well as painting is a form of self expression. The
                                                                                                                                                                                                               kids do it their own way, as they like it – I Just help them to make it better. [...] I prefer to help the child
destiny as labourers. However, some of these skills are now accepted as formal craft                              are depicted with care and awareness.                                                        express his artistic feeling and correct, guide and encourage him. Recently I sent my children to the factory
                                                                                                                                                                                                               dumping grounds, telling them to collect scrap material to use in the handicraft classes.’ (The Cape Argus:
and fine art forms, allowing for many artists- including artists from rural settings- to                                                                                                                        1971)
be exhibited in galleries and on other mainstream platforms.                                                      Like so many South Africans, Makamo’s reference to home is bifurcated; it refers to        2 Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd, South African History Online, accessed Thursday 21 April 2011. http://www.

                                                                                                                  both an urban and rural home. His work thus speaks about redefining this sense of             sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/verwoerd-hf.htm
                                                                                                                                                                                                             3 The research conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council (2010) on the State of the visual Arts

The 1980s exhibited an era of political upheaval and the art landscape largely                                    home and recreating a sense of belonging. Vulindlela Nyoni best describes people’s           demonstrates that the current state of the arts still shows great imbalances rural and urban dwellers with
                                                                                                                                                                                                               regards to participation and profit generating in the arts. What this research does is point out the challenges
mirrored these changes. There was a sudden need for public institutions to reflect                                 need to belong in his essay, On Art, Power, Other and Identity, saying, “as human
                                                                                                                                                                               Identity
                                                                                              Dreams I                                                                                                         that artists such as Makamo still face. G. Hagg, An Assessment of the Visual Art Sector in South Africa
the artistic practices of the time. There was a need for diversity and inclusion,             Charcoal on paper   beings we have [a] need for a sense of place, a sense of being and belonging – be            and Assistance to the Department of Arts and Culture in Developing a National Policy for the Visual Arts
                                                                                              100 x 150cm                                                                                                      DAC/0006/07/T. (Commissioned by the Department of Arts and Culture, September, 2010.
particularly in cultural production. The corollary was the inclusion of artists from          2010
                                                                                                                  it a geographical, biological, spiritual, we all employ our particular modes of self-      4 Nyoni V, “On Art, Power, Other and Identity”, C. Brown and N. Paul, ed., Ishumi/10, Durban: Durban Art

rural areas into the mainstream; an increase in scholarly interest in neglected artists,                          recognition. [...] To put it simply, we all have need of a sense of home4.”                  Gallery, 2004, p. 86.




14   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                                                                                                                           CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   15
Images
Untitled
                                                                                                                        Monoprint
                                                                                                                    130 x 42.5 cm
                                                                                                                             2011


18   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   19
Growing Up
                                                                                                                     Ink on Paper
                                                                                                                    104 x 24.9 cm
                                                                                                                             2011


20   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   21
Untitled                        Mr Nice Guy                                      Never Talk Back
                                                                       Monoprint and oil pastels on paper   Monoprint and oil pastels on paper                     Silkscreen and oil pastel on paper
                                                                                         106.8 x 78.2 cm                      106.8 x 78.2 cm                                           111 x 70 cm
                                                                                                    2011                                 2011                                                   2011


22   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                             CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   23
Growing Up
                                                                                                                     Ink on Paper
                                                                                                                    104 x 24.9 cm
                                                                                                                             2011


24   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   25
Shopping for Life Materials                    The Boy in the Me II                                                    Streetwise
                                                                  Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper   Monoprint and oil pastels on paper                                                    Silkscreen
                                                                                          75.2 x 123 cm                      69.7 x 105.4 cm                                                 70.9 x 100 cm
                                                                                                   2011                                 2011                                                          2011


26   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                            CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   27
A Product of Limpopo with Joburg Label                                The Vision is So Narrow
                                                                             Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper               Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper
                                                                                                   119.6 x 70.2 cm                                        119 x 70.2 cm
                                                                                                              2011                                                 2011


28   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                  CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   29
I’ve got a Vision
                                                                                                                     Ink on Paper
                                                                                                                 103.9 x 24.8 cm
                                                                                                                             2011


30   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   31
Reunion                      Helpless Dreamer                                                Monday Midday
                                                                       Monoprint and oil pastels on paper   Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper                                                  Silkscreen
                                                                                         62.2 x 101.5 cm                            62 x 101.4 cm                                              70.6 x 99.9 cm
                                                                                                    2011                                     2011                                                        2011


32   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                 CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   33
Mind of a Youth
                                                                                                                   Ink on Paper
                                                                                                                103.6 x 28.8 cm
                                                                                                                           2011


34   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   35
Pay Day                     The Boy in Me I     Moment Alone                                                Keep in Touch
                                                                       Silkscreen and ink on paper   Monoprint and oil pastels on paper        Monoprint                                                   Silkscreen
                                                                                    70.2 x 99.5cm                        70.2 x 99.5cm    77.7 x 106.5cm                                               70 x 111.1 cm
                                                                                             2011                                 2011              2011                                                        2011


36   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                       CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   37
Some Memories are Hard to Forget
                                                                                                       Ink on Paper
                                                                                                   103. 8 x 25.1 cm
                                                                                                               2011


38   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   39
Nelson Makamo’s Curriculum Vitae                                                                                                                                         Nelson Makamo’s Biography
Education                                                              Group Exhibitions                               Publications                                      Nelson Makamo was born in Nylstroom (now Modimolle), Limpopo province, in 1982. Makamo moved to
                                                                                                                                                                         Johannesburg to join the Artist Proof Studio in January 2003. He was the recipient of the Johnson and Johnson
2003-2006 Artist Proof Studios                                         2010   Young Contemporaries, Galerie Nikki      The Arts Section (2010) Street Art. True Love,    bursary (2005) and the Pinpointone Human Resources Scholarship (2005).
                                                                              Diana Marquardt, Paris (France)          p. 90.
                                                                                                                                                                         Makamo has exhibited in group and solo exhibitions in South Africa, France, Italy, America, Netherlands and
Solo Exhibitions                                                              My City, Arts on main, Johannesburg      Hengen, E (2010) Das Wahre Gesicht
                                                                                                                                                                         Scotland. His first solo exhibition, Walk with Me, was held at the Obert Contemporary Gallery in Melrose Arch,
                                                                                                                       Suidafrokas, Tageblatt, p. 18.
2009            Sharing Realities II, African Studies                  2009   City Link, Gallery 23, Amsterdam,                                                          Johannesburg. His most notable group exhibition was alongside established South African artists in Ten Years of
                Centre, Leiden, (Netherlands)                                 Netherlands                              Zvomuya, P. (2010) Jozi for the Alienated. Mail   Printmaking: David Krut Print Studio in 2006. Invited artists included David Koloane, Colbert Mashile, Deborah
                                                                                                                       and Guardian, p. 6.                               Bell and William Kentridge. Makamo has recently exhibited with emerging young artists Lehlohonolo Mashaba
                Walk with Me, UTS Gallery,                                    Interpretation of the 50’s, Gallery on
                                                                                                                                                                         and Senzo Shabangu in My City exhibition, curated by Andile Magengelele.
                Edinburgh, Scotland                                           the Square, Sandton, Johannesburg
                                                                                                                       Collections
                A Place I Call Home, Gallery on the                    2007   Cultural and Business Art Exhibition,                                                      Makamo’s commissioned works include a series of Lekas Lekalakala’s portraits for a Chamber Lekalakala opened
                Square, Johannesburg                                          Somma Lombardo, Italy                    Annie Lennox                                      at Potgitesrus (now Mokopane), in 2006. Other commissioned works include portraits of Nelson Mandela, Oliver
                                                                                                                                                                         Tambo, and Walter Sisulu, for Matasis Investment Holdings. Matasis is a portmanteau of the names of these
2008            Moving into Light, KZNSA Gallery,                             Making Identity, The Thompson            City of Johannesburg
                Durban                                                                                                                                                   South African icons.
                                                                              Gallery, Johannesburg
                                                                                                                       Georgio Armani
                Sharing Realities, Gallery Izarte,                     2006   Ten Years of Printmaking, David Krut                                                       Makamo’s work forms part of a few collections, including those of fashion mogul, Georgio Armani, and musician,
                Zutphen, (Netherlands)                                        Print Studios, Johannesburg              Hanzehof Zutphense Kunstcollectie
                                                                                                                                                                         Annie Lennox. Makamo was Art South Africa’s seventh “Young Bright Thing” for 2007.
2005            Walk with Me, Obert Contemporary                                                                       Matasis Investment Holdings
                                                                              Student and Staff Artists Proof
                Art Gallery, Johannesburg
                                                                                                                       Telkom
                                                                              Studio Exhibition, Gallery on the
                                                                              Square, Johannesburg
                                                                                                                       Unisa
                                                                       2003   Student and Staff Artists Proof

                                                                              Studio Exhibition, Wits Substation
                                                                              Gallery

                                                                              Print Marathon RAU Art Gallery,
                                                                              Johannesburg

                                                                              Print Marathon, Boston (USA)




40   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                                                                                                                                    CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   41
About the Contributors
                              Portia Malatjie
                                                                                                                                                                             Exhibition/Curatorial Team
                                                                                                                                                                             Portia Malatjie          Curator
                                                                                                                                                                             Tiffany Mentoor          Administrator
                              At the time of writing, Portia Malatjie had just submitted her Masters thesis in History of Art at Wits University, Johannesburg. Malatjie
                                                                                                                                                                             Lois Anguria             Assistant Administrator
                              is an aspiring curator and has been involved in a few exhibitions. In 2010, she was curatorial researcher and Education Programme
                              Coordinator for the SPace: Currencies in Contemporary African Art (2010) exhibition and chief curator for Blissful Disturbance (2010           Catalogue
                                                                                                                                                                             David Koloane            Contributor
                              Wits University Fine Arts Masters Exhibition at UCT). Malatjie occasionally writes for the City Press and Artthrob. She has participated
                                                                                                                                                                             Portia Malatjie          Contributor
                              in a number of conferences and panel discussions, including the South African Visual Art Historian (SAVAH) Conference (2009). She              Nontobeko Ntombela       Contributor

                              was recently a panelist of a discussion entitled, Ain’t I a Woman, a talk examining Tracey Rose’s exhibition Waiting for God at the            Lois Anguria             Contributor
                                                                                                                                                                             Deriline Marco           Copy Editor
                              Johannesburg Art Gallery (2011).                                                                                                               Madoda Mkhobeni          Photographer
                                                                                                                                                                             Nyembezi Phiri           Layout designer

                              David Koloane                                                                                                                                  Simdall Projects         Printer


                              One of South Africa’s own veteran in the arts, Doctor David Koloane has made a substantial contribution to the development of art in           Museum Africa

                              Southern Africa. Born in 1938, Koloane received his first art training at Bill Ainslie Studios during the mid to late seventies. His interest   121 Bree Street
                                                                                                                                                                             Newtown
                              in art began in his high school years and has since carried him to take part in many prestigious exhibitions and art programmes                Johannesburg, 2001
                              including the Triangle International artists Workshop Exhibition (1983) and the Liberated Voices: Contemporary Art from South Africa,          T: +27 11 833 5624
                                                                                                                                                                             F: +27 11 833 5636
                              exhibited at the Museum for African Art in New York (1999) and other exhibitions in Holland, Finland, England and Italy. It was from
                              his involvement in the Triangle International Artists Workshops that Koloane went on to co-found the Thupelo Workshops. He is the              All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recorded or otherwise, without prior permission of

                              winner of the Prince Claus Fund Award (1998) for his contributions to the arts. He is the co-founder of the first Black-owned gallery           the CityTales and CountryScapes exhibition team.
                                                                                                                                                                                               CountryScapes’

                              in Johannesburg, Fordsburg Artists Studios - now known as the Bag Factory. He is currently the Director of the Bag Factory Artists’
                              Studios in Newtown.


                              Nontobeko Ntombela
                              Nontobeko Mabongi Ntombela is studying towards her Masters degree in Fine Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand. Ntombela
                              has curated several exhibitions including Modern Fabrics (Bag Factory in 2008) and the MTN New Contemporaries Arts Award,
                              KZNSA Durban in 2010. In Durban, Ntombela participated as a facilitator in the Isimangaliso Arts Programme. Ntombela has also
                              presented papers at workshops, seminars and conferences; a highlight is the New Kirkcudbright International Arts Festival in 2007
                              which took place in Scotland and where she also completed a residency as a visiting co-ordinator in 2004. Ntombela is the co-founder
                              of Dala, an artist collective and the 20th Century Sisters Network; both were founded in 2008. She has served on the boards of a
                              number of organisations, most recently the VANSA National Committee in 2010. Ntombela is curator at the Durban University of
                              Technology Gallery from 2006- she is currently on study leave.


                              Contributors’ biographies compiled by Lois Anguria




42   |   CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo   |   43
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Makamo_catalogue_110427_spreads-1

  • 1. CityTales and CountryScapes CityTales and CountryScapes An exhibition by Nelson Makamo
  • 2.
  • 3. CityTales and CountryScapes CityTales and CountryScapes An exhibition by Nelson Makamo Contents 6 Acknowledgements 7 Foreword David Koloane 8 Contested Contemporaneity: Reflections on Nelson Makamo’s Neo-Figurative Subjects Portia Malatjie 14 Inspirations at the Periphery: Reviewing the Work of Nelson Makamo Nontobeko Ntombela 17 Images 40 Nelson Makamo’s Curriculum Vitae 41 Nelson Makamo’s Biography 42 About the Contributors 43 Exhibition and Catalogue Teams CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 5
  • 4. Foreword Acknowledgements David Koloane When Nelson Makamo approached Doctor David Koloane to curate his solo exhibition at Museum Africa, Doctor Koloane, due to his The Twenty-First century is upon us, although only a few years ago, it appeared a millennium away. It has brought in its wake new busy schedule, suggested to Makamo that I curate the show instead. Doctor Koloane has created an opportunity for me to spread technology such as digital video computer and other related high tech art-making devices. my curatorial wings, and for that I shall be eternally grateful. The postcolonial period or, closer to home, the post Mandela period has resulted in the acceptance of ‘multiculturalism’ as a global I am thankful to Nelson Makamo for agreeing to work with me, and for entrusting me with his exhibition. A big thank you also goes phenomenon embracing diverse cultures. After the demise of the School of Paris and the School of New York, the community of to Bertrand Reverdy for funding the exhibition. It is through his patronage that Makamo is able to form part of the South African contemporary art began to include, at last, the previously colonised parts of the world. These areas had long been excluded from the contemporary art scene. international art scene. I am grateful to Museum Africa for the space in which to host the exhibition. A special thank you goes to Zola Mtshiza for assisting It is interesting to note that despite these drastic changes on the international front, South Africa is still entrapped in some of its artificial me with everything related to Museum Africa. barriers created by the racial zoning of the past. The art market in South Africa has always been controlled and determined by white role players over the years. There is presently, however, a bold new generation of practitioners who refuse to be held hostage by the This catalogue would not have been possible without the assistance of a few people. I am grateful to Derilene Marco who edited the past and expedite whatever opportunities that exist in the visual arts towards their benefit. catalogue texts; Nyembezi Phiri of Studio Bezique designs; Madoda Mkhobeni of madimagescapture and Shawn Hatting of Simdall Projects. A big thank you goes to Lois Anguria for compiling the contributor’s biographies. Nontobeko Ntombela moved beyond The vexation over who is an international artist and who is not is still a discriminating factor employed in categorising artists and their writing the second essay in this catalogue, as she allowed me to pick her brain on a regular basis, imparting great knowledge about acceptance into the art market. It is not until artists take fate into their own hands that effective change will be possible. Black African her curatorial experience. entrepreneurs will need to play a major role in the complexities of the art market in order to release black practitioners from the cap in hand. This will include weaning ourselves from dependence on the commercial gallery. I am also grateful to those who helped with the exhibition. They include Samson Matentji and William Mabidilala, Scandisplay, the Installation Team and David Lewis-Browne. Portia Malatjie is a young art historian and an independent curator who has undertaken the responsibility of curating Nelson Makamo’s Tiffany Mentoor and Lois Anguria have been superb administrators on this project. I have thoroughly enjoyed working with them and exhibition at the Museum Africa complex. Nelson Makamo from the Limpopo province is an alumni of the Artists Proof Studio. The appreciate their dedication and their creative input. I certainly look forward to working with them again in future. exhibition is hosted by Museum Africa. The museum is one of the few state institutions with a black African director at its helm. True to the saying ‘the wheels of government grind slowly’, very few other institutions in this country have black heads – some of these Portia Malatjie institutions are: The National Gallery and Museum in Cape Town and The State Theatre in Pretoria. It is an imperative for black African role players to acquire the necessary expertise to remove whatever artificial barriers and obstacles that still exist. The rigorous training of yesteryear in the traditional techniques of drawing and sculpture are no longer compulsory in art training in tertiary institutions. Students are taught new media techniques and this has provided them with numerous options to bypass the traditional techniques of drawing, sculpture and assemblage. Yet the irony is that an internationally revered artist such as William Kentridge still employs traditional techniques in his drawing based on animation. It is of course much easier to point a camera and video than a drawing device. Nelson Makamo, in his exhibition, extracts and gleans subject matter from personal experience. His work will hopefully illustrate the solidity of traditional artistic methods and their timeless intervention. 6 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 7
  • 5. Contested Contemporaneity: Reflections on Nelson Makamo’s Neo-Figurative Subjects Portia Malatjie I have not had varsity education. That really bothers me. description of contemporary art in ‘non-Western countries’ to discuss the current work in this form of aesthetic theory could utilise traditional art forms and still have I feel that I have not learnt enough - Lehlohonolo Mashaba 1 accepted standard of art in South Africa. Belting4 suggests that their work valued. The latter classification suggests that the value of the artwork is dependent on the theory and idea behind it8. This means that in order to appreciate a [There] are ideas that lie beyond the pale of any existing ...beyond the West, contemporary art...is hailed as a liberation from work of art, the spectator needs to be acquainted with the theories referred to by the academic community. If you express such ideas you will be modernism’s heritage and is identified with local art currents of recent artists, and the unintended theories that the artwork is referencing. considered an eccentric. But if standards change, you may origins. In such terms, it offers revolt against both art history with its Western not remain an eccentric forever. - David Carrier 2 meaning, and against ethnic traditions, which is seen like prisons for local It could be argued that the South African contemporary art scene falls under the culture in the global world . 5 latter classification of aesthetics. This classification is very elitist and exclusionary as it eliminates spectators who do not know the context of the artwork, nor are well versed The contemporary South African art platform is filled with a variety of role players Following from Belting, I would suggest that contemporaneity not only revolts against in art history or academic theory. In contemporary South African art, a work that is and sub-groupings. These sub categories consist mainly but not exclusively of ‘ethnic tradition’ but against any art form that is not recent. reliant on its formalism and not theory provides proof of its ‘non-intellectuality’ and commercial galleries, academics who are often affiliated with universities, art critics, non-contemporaneity. This preference of theoretical ideas over the work’s formalism university art students, art centre students, museum art historians or administrators, When considering the South African art media, one can argue that there is a bias is a perpetuation of the perennial binary oppositions of ‘high’ art versus ‘low/popular’ and curators, whether working independently or in an institution. towards contemporary artworks that utilise newer art mediums. There appears to be a art where contemporary, cutting edge art is seen as high art. general disinterest in traditional art mediums such as painting, analogue photography, These interrelated groups are often in a state of perpetual conflict: commercial drawing and printmaking- more recent, perhaps ‘cutting edge’ mediums such as Emerging artists9, especially those working in traditional media and producing gallerists are criticised by academics for being obsessed with money while academics video art, performance art and installation art take preference. Beyond using current works that are not laden with concepts that require a substantial amount of are dismissed as being overly theoretical3. Although there are numerous forms of media, contemporary art works often have to explore contemporary issues in an theory to decode, find it difficult to generate interest in their works -both within the classifications, some groups never become part of the debates within mainstream art abstract, theoretical and conceptual manner. The ideas explored in the work add to scholarly and mainstream realms. These artists’ works are hardly ever perceived as because their practice appears to not be worthy of mention. Some of these groups their sense of contemporaneity and avant-gardism. contemporary, and to lack contemporaneity is to not belong. To ‘belong’ in the art are artists that work in what is called craft, and artists that work in traditional media. domain is accompanied by some visibility. For an artist to be present and visible, both While some of these groupings are excluded from mainstream art, there are the Another criterion for the inclusion/exclusion inherent in contemporary art is the artist and work need to be known, written about, and almost often publicly acclaimed groupings that partake in and enforce the exclusionary process. Art historians, art matter of aesthetics. Aesthetic theory, as argued by Robert Gero6, was divided into to attain a spot in the historical and current narrative(s) of South African art. critics and other purveyors of “high” art decide on the kinds of artworks that are two categories. There is a difference between the formalism of a work- the look of worthy of criticism or worthy of forming the basis of art historical research. the work- and the theory or idea behind it. In the former classification of aesthetic In the same way that artists such as Nelson Makamo are not researched, art historians judgment, spectators are able to view and appreciate a work of art without knowing also did not show interest in researching African art soon after it entered Europe at the Contemporaneity is arguably one of the criteria for accepting works in the South Where I Rest my Head is my Home the context of the art work, but more importantly, without art historical or social turn of the 20th century. Even though African art was becoming part of art collections Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper African mainstream art domain. The issue of contemporaneity is arguably one of the scientific scholarship and theory . The aesthetics of the work is dependent mainly on 7 70 x 105.5 cm and institutions in the west, this was not matched by equally intense research on the 2011 reasons for excluding some artists from the mainstream. I will borrow Hans Belting’s the formalism of the work and the emotions it arouses in the spectator. Artists who work. The information on African artworks at hand was speculative- the works could 8 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 9
  • 6. be appreciated sans context10. In the same way that African art was “undeserving African artists in anthropological and ethnographic museums in the West. Among In some of Makamo’s work, it is hard to tell the difference between the urban and the In The Boy in Me, Makamo looks back to his childhood. Nostalgia for his childhood of the more serious scholarly attention devoted to other world art tradition”11, these shows are Liberated Voices (1999) at the National Museum of Modern Art in rural. For example, works such as Some Memories are Hard to Forget (2011) could is a constant motif in his work; he continuously makes reference to his young self in contemporary artists who produce works outside of the normative contemporary art New York. Being shown in museums in the ‘West’ was a manner of classification and be a comment on his rural home (Modimolle) or perhaps a township in Johannesburg Modimolle. Another reference to home is in the work Where I Rest my Head is my standards are relegated to that same fate. While collectors purchase their work- often of differentiating great (Western) artists from the ‘other’ i.e. African artists. However, (his new home). This ambiguity brings life to the work, challenging the viewer to Home (2011). In this work, Makamo references the idea of a sense of belonging in from their studios- their works are not discussed in art historical research. with the birth of new museology, museums are rapidly reconsidering their existence decode the works beyond the given visual evidence. the city. While Johannesburg might not be seen as ‘home’ for many black people and meaning on the contemporary art scene. (Ntombela discusses this further by suggesting that people still refer to their rural Nelson Makamo and many others like him, form part of this excluded grouping Makamo is fascinated by the city and its inhabitants; his works explore the multitude homes as ‘home home’), Makamo suggests that people can make any place their that hardly ever get discussed. Despite having exhibited locally and internationally of narratives experienced by the contemporary city dweller or city visitor. The city of home, including the city. Black people are no longer outcasts of the city; they don’t over the past few years, Makamo’s work does not really form part of any critical Discussing the Content of Makamo’s Work Johannesburg shows the imprint of the apartheid system. Under the Group Areas merely access it to do menial work. discursive platform12. One of the aims of the CityTales and CountryScapes exhibition Act (1950), Hendrik Verwoerd’s government ensured that black people’s movement is to showcase Nelson Makamo’s work in mainstream art scene and to open up a to the city was controlled. Black people could only enter the city if they were going Where I Rest My Head is my Home is a ghost print of The Boy in Me II (2011). Nelson Makamo’s work is deeply rooted in figuration. In his oeuvre, one can observe discussion about his work through the show and the exhibition catalogue. to work and contribute to the expanding apartheid capitalist system. As Achille Makamo always pays attention to the formalism in his work. He seldom relies on a motif and a conceptual framework located in contemporary rural-urban migration. Mbembe and Sarah Nuttall observed, Johannesburg was “shaped in the crucible of the printing press, almost always reworking his monoprints and silkscreens with ink His work, which can be classified as contemporary figurative art or neo-figurative art, There is a danger that exists in the power placed in both the art historian as well as the colonialism and by the labor of race”16. and pastel. Most of his works are worked over with red and blue pastel, which are explores issues of contemporary rural-urban migration in South Africa. art critic. One finds it rather disturbing that decision making, power and authoritative the artist’s personal symbols of life and serenity respectively. The main print and opinion over creativity lies not with the artist but rather outside of the realm of artistic Makamo’s view of the city, seen in his work, seems to suggest that the city’s main the ghost print become different works through the reworking process as Makamo The birth of neo-figurative art in Mexico and Spain in the 1960s served to disrupt production, in the hands of curators, critics, and those whose job is to ‘observe’. visitors are black people. It seems that the walls put up by the apartheid regime brings them to life in different ways. the exclusionary nature of modern art by reintroducing an expressionist figurative However, one cannot wholly dismiss the authority that critics and art historians have that demarcated areas where black people were allowed to go, and control the art form. By returning to the figurative mode of representation, neo-figurative art with regard to influencing South African art history13. By choosing which works are times of their movements through the city, have not been entirely knocked down. Sometimes his subjects are wearing glasses while at other times they cover their questions modernity’s insistence on newness, progress and elitism. A discussion ears with headphones. Are they attempting to shut out the city’s lights or drown out reviewed or researched, art historians and art critics set the standard for the kinds The rather foolish mechanism of discriminating using race has been replaced by a of work that should be produced. Similarly, curators also have an authority with of Makamo’s works in the framework of neo-figurative art contests the elitist and perhaps more insidious mode of classification: class. To confront the current state the noise in the streets of Johannesburg? Is he suggesting that only the noise they regards to the kinds of works we choose to exhibit. This process of standardisation so-called progressive nature of postmodernism and the kind of contemporaneity it of Johannesburg’s inner city- decayed, grimy and seemingly deserted- is to deal produce is the only sound they will listen to? His subjects are always on a mission, is exclusionary in nature. David Carriers 14 asserts that, “to talk about standards for suggests. with contemporary socio-economic and political issues of space and belonging. The either walking away from the viewer or towards them, but, invariably, they are always evaluating creativity is…to talk about how communities validate opinions and make works ask who owns, who visits, who has fled and who has returned to the city. holding plastic bags, perhaps gesturing at the lumpen pavement commerce. it possible to have constrained debates.” Artists falling outside of these ‘constrained Makamo’s work explores the manner in which rural-urban migration has changed debates’ are relegated to a career of untroubled privacy, hawking their works from in accordance to contemporary culture. While migration still occurs, it has assumed In his recent work, Makamo has taken to presenting his subjects from a different The exhibition title, CityTales and CountryScapes, is an oxymoronic take on the shifting their studios and exhibiting in shows that never receive public attention. different forms. The boundaries between rural and urban are also becoming blurred perspective: a view from his fourth floor studio in August House, a new hub for state of rural-urban migration. Tales are often associated with tradition and, therefore, as more rural areas are beginning to resemble urban landscapes15. Urban spaces are Johannesburg’s art community. The aerial, “god-like” view- in works such as Monday the rural; scapes (as in cityscapes and not landscapes) are often associated with the Making use of Museum Africa as a space to exhibit contemporary art is not without on the trot, encroaching onto the terrain of neighbouring urban areas and giving rise Midday (2011) and Pay Day (2011) - is one experienced by many, including those city. Nelson Makamo’s work is an attempt to construct a narrative, varied tales, about its challenges. Reference to the space unearths an old debate about exhibiting to conurbation. who live and work in high rise building in the Johannesburg CBD. his and other people’s experiences of living in the city. 10 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 11
  • 7. Footnotes 1 L. Mashaba, Artist Proof Studios graduate, unpublished interview with Portia Malatjie, 2010. 2 D. Carriers, “Deep Innovation and Mere Eccentricity: Six Case Studies of Innovation in Art History” in E. Mansfield, ed., Art History and its Institutions: Foundations of A Discipline. London; New York: Routledge, 2002, p. 115. 3 E. Mansfield, “Introduction”, in E. Mansfield, ed., Art History and its Institutions: Foundations of a Discipline. London; New York: Routledge, 2002, pp 2-3. 4 Hans Belting, “Contemporary Art and the Museum in the Global Age” in P. Weibel and A. Buddensieg, ed., Contemporary Art and the Museum, Germany: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2007, p. 2. 5 Belting’s text is slightly limited in that he does not acknowledge the different traditional art forms that have been produced in these so-called ‘non-Western’ countries. His text suggests that there was ‘ethnic’ art forms, and later ‘contemporary art. He fails to account for ‘modernist’ art production that has been taking place in areas like South Africa for many decades. 6 R. Gero, “Introduction: The Border of the Aesthetic” in J. Elkin, ed., Art History Versus Aesthetics, London: New York: Routlegde, 2006 7 R. Gero, p. 6. 8 R. Gero, p. 3. 9 I make a point of distinguishing emerging artists from established artists with regard to their use of media. Artists such as David Koloane, Colbert Mashile, William Kentridge and Deborah Bell work in printmaking and drawing, and their use is accepted in South African Art domain. 10 C. Steiner, p. 134. 11 C. Steiner, p. 137 12 There are a number of articles written on Makamo, including one in True Love (a popular magazine published by Media 24), which do not constitute critical discussions. Apart from a few instances, such as Makamo’s interview with Robyn Sassen (2007) in Art South Africa, Makamo has hardly been discussed in mainstream art scene. 13 The art historian and the art critic are important and so is the art patron or sponsor. Christopher Steiner (2002; 132) points to the influence that collectors had on the history of African art. In fact, it was the collectors who cleared the path for the art historians to set their discourses in writing. It is important to point out that CityTales and CountryScapes was made possible by Bertrand Reverdy, an art advocate by his own definition, as an attempt to rectify some of the exclusionary problems we are faced with in South African arts. 14 D. Carriers, p. 117. 15 T. Champion & G. Hugo, “Introduction: Moving Beyond the Urban- Rural Dichotomy” in T. Champion and G. Hugo, ed., New Forms of Urbanization: Beyond the Rural-Urban Dichotomy, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2004, p. 3. 16 A. Mbembe & S. Nuttall, “Introduction: Afropolis” in A. Mbembe and S. Nuttall, ed., USA: Duke University Press, 2008, p. 1. 12 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 13
  • 8. The Journey of Inspiration: Reviewing the Context Nelson Makamo’s Work Nontobeko Ntombela South Africa’s recent and distant history has been shaped, in no small part, by migration, the formation of a new visual vocabulary, increased recognition of black artists and vocabular Makamo’s work depicts his numerous journeys between Modimolle and especially that of rural dwellers moving to the urban areas. Disenfranchisement and expansion in the consumption of black art. The exhibitions, Neglected Traditions: Johannesburg. His work also documents how the conditions of these spaces and land expropriations pushed people from their rural idylls into urban spaces to become Towards a New History of South African Art: 1930 – 1988, curated by Steven Sack, 1988 their features continue to inspire many artistic movements. The way he documents part of the cash economy. Tributaries Exhibition (1985) curated by Ricky Burnett, and Land and Lives (1990), are these spaces brings to light the social impacts of these movements: the depopulation consequences of this new interest. of rural landscapes and the concomitant overpopulation of the cities. Apartheid’s core infrastructure has been dismantled but rural-urban migration continues as people move to the city to earn a living. The migration is a one-way However, the energy levels of yesteryear seem to have subsided. Perhaps the His works show an interest in people and his portrayal of the city dwellers is both street that siphons young people’s move from the rural to deposit them into the urban assumption is that, with the advent of democracy, opportunities have now become tender and stark, and this is especially evident in the work titled Dreams (2010). This areas. Few make the return journey. One could argue that the same is true about equitable3. Higher education in the arts remains mostly available in the large cities. is a representation of several street kids huddling for warmth against an indifferent, artistic practice; due to a lack of higher education facilities and dearth of opportunities cold cityscape. In the more recent work, Some Memories are Hard to Forget (2011), This means that artists from rural areas have to move to the cities to access these in rural areas, artists in those areas move to the big cities to gain a qualification and he uses memory as a strategy to create a nostalgic narrative grounded in his rural opportunities - a journey which Makamo made from Modimolle to Johannesburg. make a living. upbringing. Shopping for Life Materials (2011) is a wry commentary on urban Remaining in rural areas means that (aspiring) artists will find it hard to interact with consumption. an audience that could potentially gain interest in their work. The current lack of opportunities is a result of South Africa’s apartheid past. Arts and craft previously called ‘handicraft1’ was included into the primary school curriculum Nelson Makamo uses his creative skill to make poignant commentary on the urban Nelson Makamo’s work investigates the urban and the rural, the relationship between in 1948-the year the National Party took over. This was a consequence of Prime and the rural and the movement between these two spaces. His work provides us these and the occupiers of those spaces. He is observant in noting the people’s Minister Hendrik Verwoerd’s belief of the inferiority of black people - he expressed with a new, insistent vocabulary to define and map our everyday spaces. everyday experiences and the connectedness of different cultures and how this this in the now infamous statement that described blacks as fit only to be “hewers results in the creation of new identities - what could be called a multiplicity of city Footnotes of wood and drawers of water”2 – in essence, Verwoerd made it apparent that the cultures. The title of the CityTales and CountryScapes exhibition examines concepts apartheid system had clear delineations of power and in this system, black people around identity, belonging and culture. Makamo’s work is a depiction of his personal 1 Gladys Mgudlandlu an artist and art teacher in the 50s and 70s was quoted on the The Cape Argus were fit only to be labourers. Those who went through the schooling system were newspaper, 4 January 1971 in an interview about the methods she uses to teach art in school. In this taught art forms that could have been perceived as inferior- examples of these are experiences and his gaze of the world. The South African world he’s looking at is one interview she refers to the ‘arts and craft’ as ‘handicraft’, the subject name that was used in the Bantu carving, beading and weaving. These paved a way of preparing black people for their still plagued by poverty and deep structural inequalities. The causes of these realities school curriculum. She was quoted saying ‘Handicraft as well as painting is a form of self expression. The kids do it their own way, as they like it – I Just help them to make it better. [...] I prefer to help the child destiny as labourers. However, some of these skills are now accepted as formal craft are depicted with care and awareness. express his artistic feeling and correct, guide and encourage him. Recently I sent my children to the factory dumping grounds, telling them to collect scrap material to use in the handicraft classes.’ (The Cape Argus: and fine art forms, allowing for many artists- including artists from rural settings- to 1971) be exhibited in galleries and on other mainstream platforms. Like so many South Africans, Makamo’s reference to home is bifurcated; it refers to 2 Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd, South African History Online, accessed Thursday 21 April 2011. http://www. both an urban and rural home. His work thus speaks about redefining this sense of sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/verwoerd-hf.htm 3 The research conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council (2010) on the State of the visual Arts The 1980s exhibited an era of political upheaval and the art landscape largely home and recreating a sense of belonging. Vulindlela Nyoni best describes people’s demonstrates that the current state of the arts still shows great imbalances rural and urban dwellers with regards to participation and profit generating in the arts. What this research does is point out the challenges mirrored these changes. There was a sudden need for public institutions to reflect need to belong in his essay, On Art, Power, Other and Identity, saying, “as human Identity Dreams I that artists such as Makamo still face. G. Hagg, An Assessment of the Visual Art Sector in South Africa the artistic practices of the time. There was a need for diversity and inclusion, Charcoal on paper beings we have [a] need for a sense of place, a sense of being and belonging – be and Assistance to the Department of Arts and Culture in Developing a National Policy for the Visual Arts 100 x 150cm DAC/0006/07/T. (Commissioned by the Department of Arts and Culture, September, 2010. particularly in cultural production. The corollary was the inclusion of artists from 2010 it a geographical, biological, spiritual, we all employ our particular modes of self- 4 Nyoni V, “On Art, Power, Other and Identity”, C. Brown and N. Paul, ed., Ishumi/10, Durban: Durban Art rural areas into the mainstream; an increase in scholarly interest in neglected artists, recognition. [...] To put it simply, we all have need of a sense of home4.” Gallery, 2004, p. 86. 14 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 15
  • 10. Untitled Monoprint 130 x 42.5 cm 2011 18 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 19
  • 11. Growing Up Ink on Paper 104 x 24.9 cm 2011 20 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 21
  • 12. Untitled Mr Nice Guy Never Talk Back Monoprint and oil pastels on paper Monoprint and oil pastels on paper Silkscreen and oil pastel on paper 106.8 x 78.2 cm 106.8 x 78.2 cm 111 x 70 cm 2011 2011 2011 22 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 23
  • 13. Growing Up Ink on Paper 104 x 24.9 cm 2011 24 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 25
  • 14. Shopping for Life Materials The Boy in the Me II Streetwise Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper Monoprint and oil pastels on paper Silkscreen 75.2 x 123 cm 69.7 x 105.4 cm 70.9 x 100 cm 2011 2011 2011 26 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 27
  • 15. A Product of Limpopo with Joburg Label The Vision is So Narrow Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper 119.6 x 70.2 cm 119 x 70.2 cm 2011 2011 28 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 29
  • 16. I’ve got a Vision Ink on Paper 103.9 x 24.8 cm 2011 30 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 31
  • 17. Reunion Helpless Dreamer Monday Midday Monoprint and oil pastels on paper Monoprint, oil pastel and ink on paper Silkscreen 62.2 x 101.5 cm 62 x 101.4 cm 70.6 x 99.9 cm 2011 2011 2011 32 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 33
  • 18. Mind of a Youth Ink on Paper 103.6 x 28.8 cm 2011 34 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 35
  • 19. Pay Day The Boy in Me I Moment Alone Keep in Touch Silkscreen and ink on paper Monoprint and oil pastels on paper Monoprint Silkscreen 70.2 x 99.5cm 70.2 x 99.5cm 77.7 x 106.5cm 70 x 111.1 cm 2011 2011 2011 2011 36 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 37
  • 20. Some Memories are Hard to Forget Ink on Paper 103. 8 x 25.1 cm 2011 38 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 39
  • 21. Nelson Makamo’s Curriculum Vitae Nelson Makamo’s Biography Education Group Exhibitions Publications Nelson Makamo was born in Nylstroom (now Modimolle), Limpopo province, in 1982. Makamo moved to Johannesburg to join the Artist Proof Studio in January 2003. He was the recipient of the Johnson and Johnson 2003-2006 Artist Proof Studios 2010 Young Contemporaries, Galerie Nikki The Arts Section (2010) Street Art. True Love, bursary (2005) and the Pinpointone Human Resources Scholarship (2005). Diana Marquardt, Paris (France) p. 90. Makamo has exhibited in group and solo exhibitions in South Africa, France, Italy, America, Netherlands and Solo Exhibitions My City, Arts on main, Johannesburg Hengen, E (2010) Das Wahre Gesicht Scotland. His first solo exhibition, Walk with Me, was held at the Obert Contemporary Gallery in Melrose Arch, Suidafrokas, Tageblatt, p. 18. 2009 Sharing Realities II, African Studies 2009 City Link, Gallery 23, Amsterdam, Johannesburg. His most notable group exhibition was alongside established South African artists in Ten Years of Centre, Leiden, (Netherlands) Netherlands Zvomuya, P. (2010) Jozi for the Alienated. Mail Printmaking: David Krut Print Studio in 2006. Invited artists included David Koloane, Colbert Mashile, Deborah and Guardian, p. 6. Bell and William Kentridge. Makamo has recently exhibited with emerging young artists Lehlohonolo Mashaba Walk with Me, UTS Gallery, Interpretation of the 50’s, Gallery on and Senzo Shabangu in My City exhibition, curated by Andile Magengelele. Edinburgh, Scotland the Square, Sandton, Johannesburg Collections A Place I Call Home, Gallery on the 2007 Cultural and Business Art Exhibition, Makamo’s commissioned works include a series of Lekas Lekalakala’s portraits for a Chamber Lekalakala opened Square, Johannesburg Somma Lombardo, Italy Annie Lennox at Potgitesrus (now Mokopane), in 2006. Other commissioned works include portraits of Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu, for Matasis Investment Holdings. Matasis is a portmanteau of the names of these 2008 Moving into Light, KZNSA Gallery, Making Identity, The Thompson City of Johannesburg Durban South African icons. Gallery, Johannesburg Georgio Armani Sharing Realities, Gallery Izarte, 2006 Ten Years of Printmaking, David Krut Makamo’s work forms part of a few collections, including those of fashion mogul, Georgio Armani, and musician, Zutphen, (Netherlands) Print Studios, Johannesburg Hanzehof Zutphense Kunstcollectie Annie Lennox. Makamo was Art South Africa’s seventh “Young Bright Thing” for 2007. 2005 Walk with Me, Obert Contemporary Matasis Investment Holdings Student and Staff Artists Proof Art Gallery, Johannesburg Telkom Studio Exhibition, Gallery on the Square, Johannesburg Unisa 2003 Student and Staff Artists Proof Studio Exhibition, Wits Substation Gallery Print Marathon RAU Art Gallery, Johannesburg Print Marathon, Boston (USA) 40 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 41
  • 22. About the Contributors Portia Malatjie Exhibition/Curatorial Team Portia Malatjie Curator Tiffany Mentoor Administrator At the time of writing, Portia Malatjie had just submitted her Masters thesis in History of Art at Wits University, Johannesburg. Malatjie Lois Anguria Assistant Administrator is an aspiring curator and has been involved in a few exhibitions. In 2010, she was curatorial researcher and Education Programme Coordinator for the SPace: Currencies in Contemporary African Art (2010) exhibition and chief curator for Blissful Disturbance (2010 Catalogue David Koloane Contributor Wits University Fine Arts Masters Exhibition at UCT). Malatjie occasionally writes for the City Press and Artthrob. She has participated Portia Malatjie Contributor in a number of conferences and panel discussions, including the South African Visual Art Historian (SAVAH) Conference (2009). She Nontobeko Ntombela Contributor was recently a panelist of a discussion entitled, Ain’t I a Woman, a talk examining Tracey Rose’s exhibition Waiting for God at the Lois Anguria Contributor Deriline Marco Copy Editor Johannesburg Art Gallery (2011). Madoda Mkhobeni Photographer Nyembezi Phiri Layout designer David Koloane Simdall Projects Printer One of South Africa’s own veteran in the arts, Doctor David Koloane has made a substantial contribution to the development of art in Museum Africa Southern Africa. Born in 1938, Koloane received his first art training at Bill Ainslie Studios during the mid to late seventies. His interest 121 Bree Street Newtown in art began in his high school years and has since carried him to take part in many prestigious exhibitions and art programmes Johannesburg, 2001 including the Triangle International artists Workshop Exhibition (1983) and the Liberated Voices: Contemporary Art from South Africa, T: +27 11 833 5624 F: +27 11 833 5636 exhibited at the Museum for African Art in New York (1999) and other exhibitions in Holland, Finland, England and Italy. It was from his involvement in the Triangle International Artists Workshops that Koloane went on to co-found the Thupelo Workshops. He is the All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recorded or otherwise, without prior permission of winner of the Prince Claus Fund Award (1998) for his contributions to the arts. He is the co-founder of the first Black-owned gallery the CityTales and CountryScapes exhibition team. CountryScapes’ in Johannesburg, Fordsburg Artists Studios - now known as the Bag Factory. He is currently the Director of the Bag Factory Artists’ Studios in Newtown. Nontobeko Ntombela Nontobeko Mabongi Ntombela is studying towards her Masters degree in Fine Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand. Ntombela has curated several exhibitions including Modern Fabrics (Bag Factory in 2008) and the MTN New Contemporaries Arts Award, KZNSA Durban in 2010. In Durban, Ntombela participated as a facilitator in the Isimangaliso Arts Programme. Ntombela has also presented papers at workshops, seminars and conferences; a highlight is the New Kirkcudbright International Arts Festival in 2007 which took place in Scotland and where she also completed a residency as a visiting co-ordinator in 2004. Ntombela is the co-founder of Dala, an artist collective and the 20th Century Sisters Network; both were founded in 2008. She has served on the boards of a number of organisations, most recently the VANSA National Committee in 2010. Ntombela is curator at the Durban University of Technology Gallery from 2006- she is currently on study leave. Contributors’ biographies compiled by Lois Anguria 42 | CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo CityTales and CountryScapes: An exhibition by Nelson Makamo | 43