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EL TORNILLO SIN FIN
SE DENOMINA TORNILLO SIN FIN A UNA DISPOSICIÓN QUE
TRANSMITE EL MOVIMIENTO ENTRE EJES QUE ESTÁN EN
ÁNGULO RECTO. CADA VEZ QUE EL TORNILLO SIN FIN DA UNA
VUELTA COMPLETA, EL ENGRANAJE AVANZA UN NÚMERO DE
DIENTES IGUAL AL NÚMERO DE ENTRADAS DEL SINFÍN. EL
TORNILLO SIN FIN PUEDE SER UN MECANISMO IRREVERSIBLE O
NO, DEPENDIENDO DEL ÁNGULO DE LA HÉLICE, JUNTO A OTROS
FACTORES. ESTE ACOMPAÑADO DE UN PIÑÓN, SE EMPLEA PARA
TRANSMITIR UN MOVIMIENTO GIRATORIO ENTRE EJES
PERPENDICULARES QUE SE CRUZAN, OBTENIENDO UNA GRAN
REDUCCIÓN DE VELOCIDAD. PUEDE SER ENCONTRADO EN
LIMPIAPARABRISAS, CLAVIJAS DE GUITARRA, REDUCTORES DE
VELOCIDAD PARA MOTORES, MANIVELAS PARA ANDAMIOS
COLGANTES. POR CADA VUELTA DE LA CORONA, EL TORNILLO
COMPLETA TANTAS VUELTAS COMO NÚMERO DE DIENTES
TENGA LA CORONA. POR LO TANTO, LA RELACIÓN DE
TRANSMISIÓN DEL MECANISMO ES SIMPLEMENTE:
I = 1 / D CORONA
DONDE:
I : RELACIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN D CORONA : NÚMERO DE DIENTES
DE LA CORONA
LA RELACIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN RESULTA SER INFERIOR A LA
UNIDAD, DE MANERA QUE EL MECANISMO ACTÚA SIEMPRE
COMO REDUCTOR. ALTERNATIVAMENTE, PUEDE CALCULARSE
EN FUNCIÓN DEL DIÁMETRO PRIMITIVO DE LA CORONA Y DEL
PASO DE ROSCA DEL TORNILLO, DEFINIDO COMO LA DISTANCIA
ENTRE DOS SURCOS CONSECUTIVOS DE LA HÉLICE. LA
EXPRESIÓN ADECUADA RESULTA SER:
I = P / (P D CORONA)
DONDE:
P = 3,1416 P : PASO DE ROSCA DEL TORNILLO D CORONA :
DIÁMETRO PRIMITIVO DE LA CORONA

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El tornillo sin fin

  • 1. EL TORNILLO SIN FIN SE DENOMINA TORNILLO SIN FIN A UNA DISPOSICIÓN QUE TRANSMITE EL MOVIMIENTO ENTRE EJES QUE ESTÁN EN ÁNGULO RECTO. CADA VEZ QUE EL TORNILLO SIN FIN DA UNA VUELTA COMPLETA, EL ENGRANAJE AVANZA UN NÚMERO DE DIENTES IGUAL AL NÚMERO DE ENTRADAS DEL SINFÍN. EL TORNILLO SIN FIN PUEDE SER UN MECANISMO IRREVERSIBLE O NO, DEPENDIENDO DEL ÁNGULO DE LA HÉLICE, JUNTO A OTROS FACTORES. ESTE ACOMPAÑADO DE UN PIÑÓN, SE EMPLEA PARA TRANSMITIR UN MOVIMIENTO GIRATORIO ENTRE EJES PERPENDICULARES QUE SE CRUZAN, OBTENIENDO UNA GRAN REDUCCIÓN DE VELOCIDAD. PUEDE SER ENCONTRADO EN LIMPIAPARABRISAS, CLAVIJAS DE GUITARRA, REDUCTORES DE VELOCIDAD PARA MOTORES, MANIVELAS PARA ANDAMIOS COLGANTES. POR CADA VUELTA DE LA CORONA, EL TORNILLO COMPLETA TANTAS VUELTAS COMO NÚMERO DE DIENTES TENGA LA CORONA. POR LO TANTO, LA RELACIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN DEL MECANISMO ES SIMPLEMENTE: I = 1 / D CORONA DONDE: I : RELACIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN D CORONA : NÚMERO DE DIENTES DE LA CORONA LA RELACIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN RESULTA SER INFERIOR A LA UNIDAD, DE MANERA QUE EL MECANISMO ACTÚA SIEMPRE COMO REDUCTOR. ALTERNATIVAMENTE, PUEDE CALCULARSE EN FUNCIÓN DEL DIÁMETRO PRIMITIVO DE LA CORONA Y DEL PASO DE ROSCA DEL TORNILLO, DEFINIDO COMO LA DISTANCIA ENTRE DOS SURCOS CONSECUTIVOS DE LA HÉLICE. LA EXPRESIÓN ADECUADA RESULTA SER: I = P / (P D CORONA) DONDE: P = 3,1416 P : PASO DE ROSCA DEL TORNILLO D CORONA : DIÁMETRO PRIMITIVO DE LA CORONA