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Kerjasama Pertahanan/Militer
Indonesia-Vietnam
Kusnanto Anggoro
belanegari@gmail.com
Pengantar
 Tidak terlalu urgen, bukan keharusan seperti dimaksud
pasal 10 UU 24/2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional
(politik, perdamaian, pertahanan dan keamanan negara;
wilayah, kedaulatan; HAM dan lingkungan hidup; kaidah
hukum baru; pinjaman dan/atau hibah luar negeri)
 MOU, bukan kesepakatan/perjanjian yang mengikat
 Sudah berlangsung dalam berbagai forum bilateral (M2M)
maupun regional (ADMM) --- kunjungan, konsultasi,
kerjasama militer, pendidikan dan latihan, intelligence
sharing, riset dan teknologi, dll.
2
Indonesia dan ASEAN
 Hubungan diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dengan
negara-negara Asia Tenggara daratan (kecuali
Thailand). Kerjasama dengan Vietnam hanya 5%
saja (sampai 2010), jauh dibawah 30% Malaysia,
25% Singapura, 15% Thailand, Filipina 10%).
 Belum ada peningkatan yang berarti sejak tahun
2010 ketika MOU ditandatangani.
 Mungkinkah kerjasama pertahanan/militer
Indonesia-Vietnam dapat ditingkatkan?
3
Karakter hubungan Indonesia-Vietnam
(2015-2019)
 Berbeda dengan pola kerjasama
Indonesia dengan Malaysia,
Singapura, Filipina dan Brunei
Darussalam; menyerupai
hubungan Indonesia dengan
Myanmar, Kamboja dan Laos
 Laju perkembangan kerjasama
pertahanan lebih rendah
daripada kerjasama ekonomi
dan/atau politik (diplomasi)
 Kerjasama militer-to-militer
4
Beragam masalah bilateral
 Sengketa bilateral,
khususnya tentang
penangkapan ikan
 Masalah global dan
regional (Laut China
Selatan)
Sudah menyepakati batas
landas kontinen (2003) tetapi
belum ada pembicaraan
tentang batas EEZ
5
Keunggulan Vietnam
 Vietnam memiliki keunggulan di
beberap abidang, misaanya rudal
strategis , komponen cadangan
(AD); komando pertahanan laut dan
perang kapal selam (AL), NCW dan
CBRN Warfare, komando
pertahanan udara (AU)
 Maintenance senjata dari Russia
dan Eropa Timur (> 50% supply
persenjataan Vietnam)
 Maritime patrol (dan marine
economy, 55% GDP tahun 2020)
Catatan Akhir
 RUU dapat disahkan menjadi UU. Dalam skenario paling
buruk sekalipun tak ada implikasi negatif dari kesepakatan
tersebut.
 Secara politik, meningkatkan kerjasama (pertahanan/
militer) dengan Vietnam dapat mengoreksi strategi
diplomasi Indonesia terhadap mainland Southeast Asia
 Posisi garis keras Vietnam dalam kasus Laut China
Selatan (dalam rancangan COC) dan kompetisi sektor
pertanian serta aparel dan tekstil (dalam TPP) diplomasi
pertahanan/militer dan kerjasama maritim (ekonomi
maritim, >55% GDP pada tahun 2020 dan patroli laut)
7

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RJ1-20160201-101742-2961.ppt

  • 2. Pengantar  Tidak terlalu urgen, bukan keharusan seperti dimaksud pasal 10 UU 24/2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional (politik, perdamaian, pertahanan dan keamanan negara; wilayah, kedaulatan; HAM dan lingkungan hidup; kaidah hukum baru; pinjaman dan/atau hibah luar negeri)  MOU, bukan kesepakatan/perjanjian yang mengikat  Sudah berlangsung dalam berbagai forum bilateral (M2M) maupun regional (ADMM) --- kunjungan, konsultasi, kerjasama militer, pendidikan dan latihan, intelligence sharing, riset dan teknologi, dll. 2
  • 3. Indonesia dan ASEAN  Hubungan diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara daratan (kecuali Thailand). Kerjasama dengan Vietnam hanya 5% saja (sampai 2010), jauh dibawah 30% Malaysia, 25% Singapura, 15% Thailand, Filipina 10%).  Belum ada peningkatan yang berarti sejak tahun 2010 ketika MOU ditandatangani.  Mungkinkah kerjasama pertahanan/militer Indonesia-Vietnam dapat ditingkatkan? 3
  • 4. Karakter hubungan Indonesia-Vietnam (2015-2019)  Berbeda dengan pola kerjasama Indonesia dengan Malaysia, Singapura, Filipina dan Brunei Darussalam; menyerupai hubungan Indonesia dengan Myanmar, Kamboja dan Laos  Laju perkembangan kerjasama pertahanan lebih rendah daripada kerjasama ekonomi dan/atau politik (diplomasi)  Kerjasama militer-to-militer 4
  • 5. Beragam masalah bilateral  Sengketa bilateral, khususnya tentang penangkapan ikan  Masalah global dan regional (Laut China Selatan) Sudah menyepakati batas landas kontinen (2003) tetapi belum ada pembicaraan tentang batas EEZ 5
  • 6. Keunggulan Vietnam  Vietnam memiliki keunggulan di beberap abidang, misaanya rudal strategis , komponen cadangan (AD); komando pertahanan laut dan perang kapal selam (AL), NCW dan CBRN Warfare, komando pertahanan udara (AU)  Maintenance senjata dari Russia dan Eropa Timur (> 50% supply persenjataan Vietnam)  Maritime patrol (dan marine economy, 55% GDP tahun 2020)
  • 7. Catatan Akhir  RUU dapat disahkan menjadi UU. Dalam skenario paling buruk sekalipun tak ada implikasi negatif dari kesepakatan tersebut.  Secara politik, meningkatkan kerjasama (pertahanan/ militer) dengan Vietnam dapat mengoreksi strategi diplomasi Indonesia terhadap mainland Southeast Asia  Posisi garis keras Vietnam dalam kasus Laut China Selatan (dalam rancangan COC) dan kompetisi sektor pertanian serta aparel dan tekstil (dalam TPP) diplomasi pertahanan/militer dan kerjasama maritim (ekonomi maritim, >55% GDP pada tahun 2020 dan patroli laut) 7