5.
Step in project planning
Scope
A bounded description of the data and control, function,
performance, constraints, interfaces and reliability Sufficient to
determine project feasibility and create an initial plan.
6. Scheduling (penjadualan)
Must Manage
i. Parallelism (tasks can be undertaken simultaneously)
Keselarian (tugas boleh dilaksanakan serentak)
ii. Dependency (task has an effect on subsequent tasks)
Kebergantungan (tugas mempunyai kesan kepada tugas berikutnya)
iii. Bad Scheduling is a very destructive influence
(Penjadualan
buruk adalah pengaruh yang sangat merosakkan)
iv. Rule 90-90 : First 90% of a project is complete. (Peraturan
90-90 : Pertama 90% projek yang lengkap)
v. 90% of the scheduled time. The other 10% is also
completed in 90% of the time (90% daripada masa yang dijadualkan. Yang lain
10% juga siap dalam 90%)
7. i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Critical Path (the chain of tasks that determine the
duration of the project)
Earliest Time that a task can begin if all preceding
tasks are completed in the shortest possible time
Latest Time for task initiation that will not delay the
project
Latest and Earliest Finish for the overall project
Total Float (the maximum slippage without
overall delay)
11. A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart, developed by Henry Gantt,
that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the
start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary
elements of a project.
Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work
breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts also
show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships
between activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current
schedule status using percent-complete shadings and a vertical.
12. Time estimates
Time estimates
Activity Predecessor
Activity Predecessor
Expected time
Expected time
Opt. (O) Normal (M) Pess. (P)
Opt. (O) Normal (M) Pess. (P)
A
A
—
—
2
2
4
4
6
6
4.00
4.00
B
B
—
—
3
3
5
5
9
9
5.33
5.33
C
C
A
A
4
4
5
5
7
7
5.17
5.17
D
D
A
A
4
4
6
6
10
10
6.33
6.33
E
E
B, C
B, C
4
4
5
5
7
7
5.17
5.17
F
F
D
D
3
3
4
4
8
8
4.50
4.50
G
G
E
E
3
3
5
5
8
8
5.17
5.17
13.
14.
The Critical Path Method (CPM) is a mathematically based
algorithm for scheduling set of project activities, Project
Scheduling.
The name CPM comes from the Critical Path of Activities that
determine a project’s minimum duration.
The main outputs of the Critical Path Method are the Arrow
Diagram, Activity Schedule, and Modified Bar Chart.
Resource Leveling and Crashing are two tools used to optimize
projects via scheduling
