1. Global Forum on Environment:
Promoting Sustainable Materials Management
through Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Tokyo, 17 – 19 June 2014
Christoph Vanderstricht
Global EPR leader
Partner EY
Presentation title
Key learnings of 20 years experience advising public and private
sector in the design, implementation and optimisation of EPR
regulations and models across the world.

2. Page 2
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Misconceptions
3. Differences
4. Similarities
5. Conclusions
Presentation title

3. Page 3
1. Introduction:
Our EPR experience
Since 1994, the current EY team has been involved in more than 40 countries in the design,
development, implementation and optimisation of EPR and other solid waste management
regulations and operational solutions for the public as private sector in a vast waiver of
product categories: household and industrial packaging; batteries; electronic waste; tyres; non-
woven cotton; solar panels, lamps, etc.
(See countries in yellow
for geographical experience)

4. Page 4
1. Introduction:
The future of resource management
There is wide recognition that, at a global level, current waste growth and resource
management practices are unsustainable. Key to develop a circular economy rather than a
linear economy which involves simply digging materials out of the ground produce
products, and send the waste to landfills.
Demographic growth
Consumption patterns
Urbanisation
Economic growth
Low waste management
infrastructure
Public health
Energy demand
Public financing
Central government
Producers
Waste management
technologies
Product innovation
► Government must create the economic and legislative
conditions for change
► Integrated waste management strategy and system
design to reinforce the waste hierarchy
► Implementation of capacity building at municipal/city
authority level
► EPR principles to place the cost burden on the producers
and drive market development. Creating circular
economies
► Increasing use of outsourcing, performance based
contracting and PPP/BOT commercial structures to
manage the municipal financial burden, drive change
and manage technology risks
► Increasing use of multi-stream collection systems
to manage public health risks and provide material
to the treatment system
► Investment in engineered landfills, waste to
energy/gasification and anaerobic digestion as well as
intangible factors such as education and awareness
► Economies of scale, increasing capital intensity,
technology focus drive joint ventures and M&A activity
in the supply chain
How to react to the pressures of change
Municipal
authorities

5. Page 5
1. Introduction:
Drivers for a government to implement EPR regulations
Extended
Producer
Responsibility

6. Page 6
2. Misconceptions about EPR
► EPR is an instrument to better organise waste management operations
and induce product stewardship: collection points; transportation models
and the use of valorisation technologies
► EPR only concerns the Ministry of Environment
► EPR laws can be easily copied from one country to the other
► Small and medium enterprises should not be bothered by EPR
► The phantom of the monopoly
► Inefficiencies and fraud with collective schemes show that the model is
not working.
Presentation title

7. Page 7
The most important component of the cost is the cost of collection of the waste, followed
by the cost of recycling (depending on the product).
In makets with high bying power the prices for are 3 times lower than in markets with low
buying power (ie where more collective schemes are “competing”)
2. The phantom of the monopoly in a reversed market
Buyer Market versus Seller Market
High supplier power
High buyer power

8. Page 8
The cooperation between the private and public sector is key to design
and implement a sustainable EPR regulation.
There are different partnership models for public-private cooperation:
Experience shows that in most case close cooperation between government and
private sector is necessary to realise the objectives and avoid dramatic risks in the
market.
Industry-government
co-regulation
(of industry self regulation
combination and government
regulation, with government
having the authority to
enforce)
8
Voluntary
agreements
established by
industry
Voluntary
agreements as a
partnership
between industry
and government
(participation of individual
firms not obligatory)
Regulation
established and
enforced by
government
Voluntary Mandatory
3. Differences:
Governance models for EPR development

9. Page 9
3. Differences for EPR:
Why countries are different
Presentation title
Prioritised
Product
Strength of
government
(enforcement)
Regulatory and
constitutional
context
Financing
capability
Culture
Social economic
environment
Available
collection and
transportation
Infrastructure
the “product”
market

10. Page 10
10
Central collection
site
Low-density
collection points
High-density collection
points (close-to-home
drop-off)
Street-side
Containers
Kerbside or Door-to-
Door Collection
BRING SYSTEMS DOOR-TO-DOOR
Transport by residents / corporations Collection System Transport
Durable goods Fast moving consumer goods
3. Differences for EPR:
Products are different
Collection models depend on the product, the economic activity
and the demographic specifications.

11. Page 11
4. Similarities for EPR:
Why “countries” do have similarities
Presentation title
Improper EPR and solid waste management are a threat to public health and the environment
Effective EPR models create value and opportunities for social inclusion, jobs and better environment
Human action & Change of behaviour
Expectations of the key stakeholders
Strong enforcement and control from government is key
Seller markets lead to higher prices and buyer markets to lower prices
EPR is increasingly becoming the Wild West creating risks for countries and “producers”
The devil is in the detail
“Wrong” or “sub-optimal” EPR models lead to higher costs for society, governments and has strong
negative impacts in terms of level playing field in the product markets.

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5. Conclusions
► EPR is an economic instrument impacting the whole market: the product
market as well as the waste market
► EPR is not only about the environment and therefore requires attention
from different ministries (Finance / Trade / Customs / Economy)
► EPR risks should not be underestimated
► EPR requires proper consideration and careful implementation by
governments and private sector
► EPR requires strong government enforcement and control
► EPR can contribute considerably in the development of an inclusive and
greener sustainable market in big number of countries
► EPR should be implemented as part of an integrated strategic approach
by governments, taking into account other challenges (eg energy needs /
resource management)
Presentation title

13. Page 13
More information
Christoph Vanderstricht,
Christoph.vanderstricht@be.ey.com
Tel: +56985508312 (Chile)
Tel: +32477619252 (Belgium)

14. Thank you

15. Page 15
Additional slides (use during the
workshops?)
Presentation title

16. Page 16
Sustainable resource management
► Sustainable resource management is a strategic challenge today
and tomorrow for all countries across the world.
► It is a key theme for industries and the public sector alike.
► There are several key economic (regulatory) instruments which are broadly
used/in development in OECD (also in increasing number of non-OECD
countries):
► ADF (advance disposal fees)
► Landfill/recovery/incineration — taxes tipping fees
► Tradeable (landfill) permits
► Recycling credits or rebates
► Virgin material and ecotaxes
► Extended producer responsibility (EPR)

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Sustainable resource management
► EPR is the instrument which comes closest to implementing the whole life cycle
approach
► EPR helps in:
► Reducing by the amount resources required
► Diminishing the associated environmental impacts
► Improving resource scarcity and competiveness
► Driving the cost down

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Producers
Distributors
Waste collectors
and transporters
EPR scheme
End-users
Waste recyclers
Government
(central and local)
No cost
No hassle
Price
Communication
Easy collection
No cost for disposal
Compliance (no fines / penalties)
Control / Sustainable solution
Cost efficiency
Municipal collection
points
Commercial
collection points
Professional
collection points
Increase profit
Competitive market
Solid growth of the market
Long term contracts
Compliance
No additional cost
Additional financing
- Minimize or externalise internal cost
- Employment
- Revenue
Introduction to the world of EPR
- stakeholders -
Informal collection

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EPR
Other
Environmental
regulations
Commercial
codes
Competition
laws
Accounting
rules
Administrative
law
Contact law
Company
law
Tax law
EPR regulation is not "stand-alone"
Introduction to the world of EPR
- legal & regulatory -

20. Page 20
Producers
Distributors
Waste collectors
and transporters
Financing scheme
End-users
Waste recyclers
Government
Participation agreement
Municipal collection
points
Commercial
collection points
Professional
collection points Public markets
Service level agreement
Joint awareness campaign
Joint Awareness campaign
Accreditation
Service level agreement
Cooperation agreement
Service level agreement
Joint awareness campaign
Introduction to the world of EPR
- legal & regulatory -

21. Page 21
Introduction to the world of EPR
- finance & control -
► Depending on the legal, political, social, economic, demographic and
geographic situation in a country, several models are conceivable to fulfil
the financial side of the EPR obligations in that country.
► Three generic models can be considered:
► Public financing instruments (tax or similar contribution)
► Market driven instruments :
► Deposit - refund schemes
► Individual and/or collective financing schemes
► Certificate exchange schemes
► Combination of public financing instruments and market tools

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Introduction to the world of EPR
- scenarios -
Legal and
regulatory
scenarios
Finance and
control scenarios
Information flow
and reporting
scenarios
Operations and
infrastructure
scenarios
Stakeholder
commitment
scenarios
Governance
scenarios
The optimal scenario for a country

23. Page 23
Introduction to the world of EPR
- finance & control -
► Depending on the legal, political, social, economic, demographic and
geographic situation in a country, several models are conceivable to fulfil
the financial side of the EPR obligations in that country.
► Three generic models can be considered:
► Public financing instruments (tax or similar contribution)
► Market driven instruments :
► Deposit - refund schemes
► Individual and/or collective financing schemes
► Certificate exchange schemes
► Combination of public financing instruments and market tools

24. Page 24
Introduction to the world of EPR
- finance & control -
Producers
Distributors
Waste collectors
and transporters
Financing scheme
End-users
Waste recyclers
Government
Price +
contribution
Price +
contribution
Contribution
Municipal
collection points
Commercial
collection points
Professional
collection points
Service
fees

25. Page 25
Introduction to the world of EPR
- operations & infrastructure -
Producers
Distributors
Waste collectors
and transporters
Financing scheme
End-users
Waste recyclers
Government
Municipal
collection points
Commercial
collection points
Professional
collection points
•Business plan
•Geograhical coverage
•Technology deployed
•Containers
•Quality standards
•EH&S standards
•BAT
•Target setting
•Transportation models
•Quality standards
•EH&S standards
•BAT
•Target setting
•Compliance with regulations
•Containers
•Quality standards
•EH&S standards
•Target setting
•Compliance with regulations
•Training and communication
Practical information FAQ
Disposal (sorting at the source)

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Introduction to the world of EPR
- information flows -
Producers
Distributors
Waste collectors
and transporters
Financing scheme
End-users
Waste recyclers
Government
Public awareness
Practical guidance on disposal
of the waste
FAQ
Put on the market (PoM) data
Municipal collection
points
Commercial
collection points
Professional
collection points
SLA reporting
Collection "certificates"
(weight / units)
SLA reporting
Recycling "certificates"
(weight / units)
Product labelling / marking
Product information on safe
Disposal manuals
Financial auditor
verification report on PoM
Financial auditor
Audit report on collection
and recycling
Periodic reporting
Position papers