Active with India

INDIA AND THE OECD: a mutually
beneficial partnership
The OECD is proud to have India as a Key Partner. As a dynamic global player,
India has become the world’s fastest-growing major economy and a hub for
knowledge-based industries. The Government of India has set an ambitious
reform agenda to strengthen human, physical and administrative capacity
and further develop its manufacturing sector and strengthen innovation.
Implementing these reforms will be essential if India is to address a number
of its current challenges. In spite of progress, India still faces major challenges in terms of poverty and inequality.
Nearly 60% of India’s population is dependent on agriculture and related activities; the livelihoods of these people
are increasingly under threat from the effects of climate change, and existing land and labour laws limit economies of
scale and productivity. Addressing environmental degradation, resource depletion and persistent social inequalities
will be crucial to sustain and further build on the considerable economic and social progress India has achieved.
Our partnership with India encompasses a wide range of policy areas to advance sustainable development and
well-being, including labour market development, gender equality, tax reform, corporate governance and the fight
against corruption. India’s valuable policy experience has enriched the work of the OECD, increasing the relevance
of its analyses and legal standards in today’s increasingly globalised world. In turn, the Organisation’s ability to bring
together expertise and evidence-based analysis from a wide range of policy networks benefits India by informing its
policy choices and supporting its reform agenda.
Our co-operation also extends to the broader context of major international fora, such as the G20. The OECD actively
supports India´s role as co-chair in the G20 Framework Working Group to harness new sources of growth and advance
the structural reform agenda. We also work together in the G20 to foster more inclusive global development, in line
with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
This brochure provides a glimpse of the scope, depth and detail of our joint work. It illustrates the broad range of
policy challenges on which the OECD and India collaborate. We look forward to further deepening our engagement in
the years to come, and to joining forces to design, develop and implement“better policies for better lives”in India and
around the world.
ANGEL GURRÍA, Secretary-General OECD

CONTENTS . 1
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 38
Creating more and better jobs 39
Promoting social inclusion and
health system performance 40
Fostering skills through education and training 42
INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION 43
Building a knowledge economy 44
Promoting a first-class steel industry 46
Meeting transport infrastructure needs 47
ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY 49
Combating climate change 50
Fighting biodiversity loss 52
Towards a cleaner and healthier environment 53
Improving water management 54
Strengthening chemicals and biotechnology safety 55
Providing affordable and clean energy 57
Developing clean and safe nuclear power 59
ANNEXES 61
OECD legal instruments 61
OECD legal instruments to which India has adhered 61
Partnerships in OECD Bodies 61
India’s participation in OECD Bodies 62
News and publications 62
THE OECD AND INDIA 2
Building up to two decades of partnership and beyond 3
Finding global solutions at the G20 6
The OECD Development Centre and India 9
Engaging with stakeholders 11
SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH 12
Maintaining economic growth and resilience 13
Engaging in dialogue on macroeconomic policy 15
Fostering inclusive growth 16
Greening growth 17
Fostering better data for better policies 19
Enhancing agricultural productivity and ensuring
food security 20
Promoting effective development co-operation 21
EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS 22
Enhancing co-operation on international investment 23
Improving financial inclusion, education
and consumer protection 25
Facilitating trade and upgrading global value chains 27
Promoting sound competition 28
Strengthening consumer protection 29
PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 30
Improving corporate governance 31
Raising the bar on state-owned enterprises 33
Fighting corruption and enhancing integrity 34
Improving international tax transparency
and compliance 35
Ensuring sustainable and transparent public finances 37
CONTENTS
Contents

THE OECD
AND INDIA
L Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD
and Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister of State
(independent charge) at the Ministry of Commerce
& Industry of India meet at OECD Headquarters in
Paris in June 2016. © OECD/Julien Daniel
2 . ACTIVE WITH INDIA

Building up to two decades of partnership and beyond
India’s relationship with the OECD has developed steadily since 1998, when it joined
the Steel Committee. Since 2007, India has been a Key Partner of the OECD and its
active participation in the Organisation’s bodies is encouraged and welcomed by
Member Countries. India’s increasing engagement in OECD work over the years provides
a valuable contribution to a number of significant projects and bodies, described
throughout this brochure.
India participates as an Associate or Participant in 13 OECD bodies and adheres to 9 OECD
legal instruments, making it an important contributor to work on corporate governance,
competition, consumer policy, digital economy, fiscal affairs, fiscal relations across all
levels of government, insurance and private pensions, chemicals, nuclear energy and
steel. India has shown a pronounced commitment to OECD work on tackling tax evasion
and improving tax transparency, and its engagement has progressively expanded to a
broader array of policy areas.
The number of Indian delegates participating in OECD activities has more than doubled in
the past ten years. In 2015, 142 Indian officials from 36 different ministries and government
institutions registered to attend the meetings of 21 OECD bodies, with the Ministry of
External Affairs playing an important co-ordinating role. Furthermore, India plays an active
role in OECD’s regional activities in Asia by organising and hosting forums and workshops.
In turn, there have been an increasing number of high-level OECD visits to India.
www.oecd.org/india
www.oecd.org/globalrelations
THE OECD AND INDIA . 3
THEOECDANDINDIA

“The global relevance of India as member of the G20 with a vibrant
economy is ever increasing. Foreign investment, trade and participation
in global value chains are the most significant signals of a mutually
beneficial relationship. The country is defining its own development
path in an inclusive way by investing in manufacturing and services
whilst still working to boost the productivity of its agricultural sector.
The government has launched a program of bold reforms. Providing
skills, jobs and opportunities to its rapidly growing young population
will help the government to reap the full benefits of its efforts. That
is what OECD is about: shaping together better policies for better
lives. The Organisation provides a forum for sharing good practices
between its members and over 100 emerging economies to develop
policies to promote sustainable and inclusive growth worldwide. India’s
own perspective and experience make a unique contribution to these
discussions and enrich the global development agenda.
The OECD Informal Reflection Group on India is a tool to help the
OECD and India to better appreciate each other, understand how we
can learn from each other, reinforce cooperation and tackle together
the global challenges ahead.”
Jean-Joël Schittecatte, Ambassador of Belgium to the OECD, Leader of the Informal
Reflection Group on India
“India has had fruitful, sectoral engagement with the OECD for a
number of years now. Examples of excellent cooperation between
India and the OECD may be found in the OECD’s Development Centre
and the Centre for Tax Policy & Administration. India looks forward to
playing an active role in the future at the OECD”.
Mohan Kumar, Ambassador of India to France
“Last year India and the OECD worked jointly and intensively to
further advance its co-operation on issues related to tax policy,
investment, development and many other specific areas of mutual
interest. One of the Asian countries with more dynamic economic
growth, India pursues a far-reaching reform agenda, partnering
with the OECD in important initiatives such as the OECD Global
Development Forum. I believe Make in India offers an interesting
platform to further enhance our partnership.”
Paulo Vizeu Pinheiro, Ambassador of Portugal to the OECD,
Chair of the External Relations Committee

THEOECDANDINDIA
“The OECD works bilaterally with India on several aspects of SDG
implementation, including in policy areas such as domestic resource
mobilisation, infrastructure, energy and environment. Indian
experiences and policy perspectives enrich the global policy debate
and are very relevant internationally. We look forward to enhancing
our co-operation with India at the different UN fora, to provide peer
learning opportunities and to support SDG implementation around
the world.”
Marcos Bonturi, OECD Special Representative to the United Nations
“The OECD’s Global Relations Strategy seeks to make the Organisation
an effective and inclusive global policy network. Reflecting its growing
relevance and weight as a powerhouse for the global economy, close
co-operation with India – along with the four other Key Partners
(Brazil, China, Indonesia and South Africa) – is a crucial element of
this Strategy. The OECD values India’s active partnership to tackle
global tax evasion and improve tax transparency as well as its
important contributions to other policy areas including G20-related
initiatives to boost investment, improve labour markets conditions
and combat corruption. The global policy debate at the OECD benefits
greatly from Indian perspectives. The OECD stands ready to support
the Government of India in its policy priorities to achieve sustainable
and equitable growth.”
Andreas Schaal, Director, OECD Global Relations

Finding global solutions
at the G20
The OECD and India are working together in the context
of the G20 with the aim to promote strong, sustainable,
balanced and inclusive growth on a global scale benefitting
millions of people worldwide.
Since 2008, the OECD has actively partnered with the G20
and is today a “strategic advisor” involved in virtually all G20
work-streams across all levels of engagement, from high-
level leadership by the Secretary-General and G20 Sherpa, to
the continuous sharing of OECD expertise at the technical,
working group level. Through its multi-faceted contribution
to the G20, the OECD shares its evidence-based analysis and
policy recommendations to help shape the global economic
L Family photo of the G20 Summit, 4 September 2016 in Hangzhou.
India’s economy is projected to remain strong,
mainly driven by an increase in FDI inflows,
expanding infrastructural investment, and the
successful government schemes such as Make
in India and Start-Up India. However, the global
economy is stuck in a low growth trap. To keep
India on the sustainable and inclusive growth
path, and to put the global economy back on
track, collective actions across economies are required. To that end,
the G20 continues to provide a valuable platform to address global
challenges. The OECD is honoured to work closely with its key partner,
India, in the context of the G20 covering varieties of policy areas.
Gabriela Ramos, OECD Chief of Staff and Sherpa to the G20

THEOECDANDINDIA
agenda. The G20 deliberation started in 2008 to deal with
the economic crisis – acting as a global economic and
financial global firefighter, it has worked to co-ordinate fiscal,
monetary and structural policies to put the global economy
on the path to recovery. The G20 is uniquely positioned to
both take a long-term approach to sustainable growth and
address the global challenges we face now.
In this context, the OECD supports the G20 in the many
priorities identified by its members, including India. Last
year, this included contributions to fostering new sources
of growth through innovation, digital economy and the
new industrial revolution; promoting inclusive trade and
investment, in particular inclusive GVCs; implementing the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; and supporting
food security and agriculture productivity. As India continues
to pursue its Make in India initiative, engagement with fellow
G20 members in the area of international investment will
become increasingly important.
India is strongly engaged with OECD efforts to support the
G20 in enhancing the equity and fairness of the international
tax architecture by fighting tax evasion and tax havens
and addressing tax avoidance by large corporations and
loopholes in the international tax system. India has played
a leading role in key OECD/G20 initiatives, including the
G2

Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project, where the
newly approved inclusive framework allows for all interested
countries and jurisdictions to participate on an equal
footing, with over 100 countries now participating.
Under the Development Working Group, the OECD has been
working closely with India and other G20 countries on the
G20 Action Plan to define how work across G20 tracks can be
made more supportive of and aligned with the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development. This is an area of particular
interest to India as it begins to focus its attention on the
implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals at a
national and subnational level.
In the area of trade and investment, the OECD is
supporting G20 efforts to reduce trade costs, explore the
inter-relationship between trade and investment, unlock
the potential of e-commerce, design a G20 strategy for
promoting inclusive global value chains (GVCs), and define
Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking.
India has played an important role in these areas, and
continues to share a strong mutual interest with the OECD
in GVCs, services trade, and SMEs. As India continues to
pursue its Make in India initiative, engagement with fellow
G20 members in the area of international investment will
become increasingly important.
As co-chair of the Framework Working Group, India is
working actively with the OECD on a G20 structural reform
agenda designed to ensure strong, sustainable and balanced
growth and to achieve the Brisbane objective of an additional
2% growth by 2018.
www.oecd.org/g20
Finding global solutions at the G20
L Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of the Republic of India, and Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, at the G20 Leaders Summit on 15 November 2015 in Antalya,Turkey.

THEOECDANDINDIA
The OECD Development Centre contributes expert analysis
to help decision makers in developing and emerging
economies find policy solutions to stimulate growth and
improve living conditions.
The Development Centre occupies a unique place within
the OECD, where countries can share their experience of
economic and social development policies. It co-operates
closely with other parts of the OECD, particularly those
working on development issues. Membership to the
Development Centre is open to both OECD and non-OECD,
and today over 50 countries are members, of which 26
are OECD members and 24 are developing and emerging
economies. India has been a member of the Development
Centre’s Governing Board since 2001, and is involved in
setting the programme of work and budget, and in financing
the Centre.
The OECD Development Centre
and India
The Development Centre has been engaging with India
through its Emerging Market Network (EMnet), a platform
that brings together high-level officials, top executives from
multinational corporations and OECD experts to discuss and
analyse policy challenges, economic trends and the business
environment in emerging markets. Two Indian companies,
Tata and Mahindra, frequently participate in the meetings of
EMnet. Furthermore, in co-operation with the Confederation
of Indian Industry, EMnet organised a regional meeting on
“Linking India with Global Production Networks” in New
Delhi in August 2015. The meeting brought together Indian
companies, foreign investors, government officials and
international organisations. Secretary Amitabh Kant and Joint
Secretary Atul Chaturvedi from the Department of Industrial
Policy and Promotion (DIPP) of the Ministry of Commerce and
Industry held keynote addresses providing important insights
into the Make in India initiative of the Government of India.
I Amitabh Kant,
Secretary of DIPP
(second from left),
attends the EMnet
meeting on Linking
India with Global
Production Networks
in August 2015 in New
Delhi, India.

The OECD Development Centre and India
SCAN TO
READ THE
REPORT
The OECD Development Centre is also carrying out a study in
co-operation with Dasra, India’s leading strategic philanthropy
foundation; the British Council; and the State of Maharashtra,
to assess the engagement between foundations and
government in India following the OECD Guidelines for Effective
Philanthropic Engagement. An OECD-Dasra Conference on
“Promoting Effective Foundation-Government Partnerships in
India” was held in July 2016 in Mumbai as a part of this work.
Biennially, the Development Centre also produces the
Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India in
collaboration with several regional organisations, which
analyses the short and medium-term economic trends in the
region. The 2016 edition draws on contributions from the
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and
the Pacific (UNESCAP) and the Asian Development Bank
Institute. For India, the 2016 report highlights the importance
of financial education programmes in ensuring financial
inclusion, especially as financial markets become more
sophisticated and complex. It also shows that the accessibility
of education remains a challenge, particularly at the
secondary and tertiary levels. Improvements in educational
quality will be important to equip workers with the skills
needed for employment in innovative fields in India. The 2017
edition of the Outlook, released in December 2016, emphasises
the region’s energy challenges. A particular focus on initiatives to
promote foreign direct investment and entrepreneurship in India
is also included.
The OECD Development Centre is working on a publication with
the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
on policies for promoting quality infrastructure investment
in emerging Asia, including India. The publication focuses on
railroad infrastructure and addresses the challenges related to
limited public sector financing, and a lack of methodological and
technical know-how.
www.oecd.org/dev
www.oecd.org/dev/oecdemnet.htm

THEOECDANDINDIA
The OECD collaborates with India’s business communities and
trade unions.
The Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD
(BIAC) serves as the voice of major industrial and employer
organisations in OECD work. The Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) and the Federation of Indian Chambers of
Commerce and Industry (FICCI) are observer associations in
the Committee and contribute their perspectives and expertise
to BIAC and OECD policy discussions on a broad range of issues.
The OECD regularly collaborates with CII to conduct seminars
and workshops, most recently in the areas of education,
innovation and inclusive growth, anti-corruption, and
integration into global value chains. The OECD has engaged
with FICCI on water security, foreign bribery and tax policy. To
strengthen their relations, the OECD and CII, and the OECD
and FICCI have negotiated memorandums of understanding
to set out conditions for co-operation in a number of
economic, social, governance and environmental policy areas.
The Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC),
an international trade union organisation, also has a
longstanding consultative status with the OECD and its
various committees. The TUAC works closely with the
Indian labour movement both directly and through the
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) to ensure
that the perspectives of Indian workers are taken into
account in OECD policy recommendations. The Indian
National Trade Union Congress actively participates in the
L20 forum organised by TUAC and the ITUC to convey key
messages of the global labour movement at the G20.
www.biac.org
www.tuac.org
“As a $2 trillion economy with rising
disposable incomes, India represents a
bright spot in the global economy. As a
result, it is attracting strong interest from
overseas investors. As India continues
to expand and grow, the international
community needs to keep abreast of the
rapid changes that are taking place. It is here that the OECD
plays a crucial role. As a Key Partner of the OECD, India’s active
role in several OECD committees and bodies in spanning several
policy areas has allowed it to discuss the reforms that are being
undertaken in the country as well as the opportunities it presents
with OECD member countries.”
Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
“The Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) has
been instrumental in promoting policies
for economic and social development. The
OECD has been a valuable source of policy
analysis and international statistics that
has aided research and policy making for the
governments across countries. FICCI has been an observer member
of the Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD and is
delighted to further strengthen this relationship through our strategic
engagement with OECD on multiple areas of co-operation including
social, economic, governance and environmental policy areas. This
partnership will also help Indian industry to learn from the wide
repository of best practices and policy work of OECD.”
A. Didar Singh, Secretary General of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
and Industry (FICCI)
Engaging with stakeholders

SUSTAINABLE,
BALANCED
AND INCLUSIVE
GROWTH12 . ACTIVE WITH INDIA

SUSTAINABLEGROWTH
SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH . 13
According to the latest OECD Economic Outlook, economic
growth in India is projected to remain strong at around
7.5% in 2016 and 2017. Private consumption will be
boosted by expected large increases in public wages and
declining inflation. Investment will pick up gradually as
excess capacity fades, deleveraging for corporations and
banks continues, and infrastructure projects mature.
Through different publication series, the OECD examines
macroeconomic and structural policies and developments
as well as their interaction. Twice a year, the OECD Economic
Outlook analyses the major trends and forces that shape the
short-term economic prospects of OECD Member and Partner
countries, including India. The September 2016 Economic
Outlook noted that solid growth is expected to continue
in India, boosted by the large increase in public sector
wages – showing the impact of domestic markets on India’s
growth – and the recent passing of key structural reforms,
particularly the centralised Goods and Services Tax. The June
2016 forecast welcomed the Government of India’s renewed
commitment to fiscal consolidation but also advocated
increasing spending on physical and social infrastructure. It
also underlines that creating more and better quality jobs
and increasing access to quality health care and education
are key to unlocking inclusive growth in India.
Maintaining economic growth and resilience
Going for Growth provides an annual comparative overview
of structural policy developments and reform priorities for
maintaining long-term growth, improving competitiveness
and productivity and creating jobs. Based on a broad set of
internationally comparable indicators, it identifies structural
reform priorities for each country and, as such, feeds into
the G20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced
Growth. The 2015 edition outlines five priorities for India:
l Reducing administrative and regulatory burdens on
companies
l Simplifying and modernising labour laws
l Enhancing access to the education system and its quality
l Promoting more effective infrastructure-related
regulations
l Undertaking wide-ranging financial sector reforms
L Catherine L. Mann, OECD Chief Economist and Head of the Economics
Department, presents the findings of the Indian Economic Survey at the Indian
Institute of Management, Centre for Public Policy in February 2015 in Bengaluru, India.

The Economic Surveys, published biannually for each
OECD Member and Key Partner economy, asses the main
economic challenges and propose reform options drawing on
international practices. The third Economic Survey of India,
prepared in co-operation with the Indian Ministry of Finance,
was released in November 2014. It showed that bringing
more women into the labour force would boost economic
growth by two percentage points annually and make it
more inclusive. In February 2015, the OECD Chief Economist
presented the main findings of the OECD Economic Survey
in Bengaluru, Mumbai, Ahmedabad and New Delhi, with the
government, the media, and universities in attendance.
The next Survey for India will be released in the beginning of
2017. In addition to the recurring analyses of macroeconomic
developments and of progress made on structural reforms,
this edition contains special chapters on reforming direct
taxes and on achieving strong and balanced regional
development in India.
www.oecd.org/eco
www.oecd.org/eco/growth/goingforgrowth.htm
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
Maintaining economic growth and resilience

SUSTAINABLEGROWTH
The Government of India has targeted a reduction of the
fiscal deficit from 3.9% of GDP in FY 2016 to 3.5% GDP
in FY 2017. The challenge is to ensure sustainable and
equitable public finances in an increasingly uncertain
economic environment.
The OECD actively engages with India to develop sound
macroeconomic and fiscal policies. Officials from the
Ministry of Finance and the Reserve Bank of India regularly
participate in the OECD Economic Policy Committee and
its Working Party on Short-Term Economic Prospects,
which review the economic and financial developments
and policies of OECD Member and Partner countries. The
Committee pays special attention to the effects of national
policies in the light of the increasing interdependence of
economies, whereas the Working Party focuses on providing
a systematic exchange of high-quality short-term forecasts
of economic developments. Furthermore, the OECD
Economic Survey of India includes an assessment of India’s
fiscal stance and public finance policies and is discussed
at the Economic and Development Review Committee
(EDRC) by representatives from OECD and Partner country
governments. High-level government officials represent India
at the EDRC discussions.
Upon invitation, the OECD presented its work on
international good practices on fiscal rules and frameworks
to the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM)
Review Committee in July 2016 in New Delhi. The FRBM
Review Committee, which was appointed by the Government
of India, has the remit to provide a comprehensive
assessment of the medium-term fiscal framework for India
and give recommendations. The OECD discussed with the
Members of the Committee how countries can establish
fiscal rules and frameworks that ensure sustainable public
finances, safeguard intergenerational equity, and at the
same time cushion adverse shocks.
OECD analyses on moving towards prudent debt targets
using fiscal rules are provided in the paper Prudent Debt
Targets and Fiscal Frameworks, published in July 2015. The
paper examines long-run prudent debt targets for OECD
countries and country-specific fiscal rules.
Engaging in dialogue on
macroeconomic policy
SCAN TO
READ THE
REPORT
“The technical support of OECD based on
our requests has been invariably positive,
prompt and meeting high benchmarks.
In this context, as Chairman of the Fiscal
Responsibility and Budget Management
Review Committee constituted by the
Government of India to reconfigure
India’s fiscal road map, their support
has been thorough and valuable. The
technical papers presented, brought out the prevalent international
practices, the transition to second generation fiscal reforms and
institutional mechanisms like a Fiscal Council. This demonstrated
the expected high analytical skills of OECD with policy prescriptions
adapted to country specific needs. The Committee found their
contribution valuable and is grateful for the unstinted cooperation
they have received in its deliberations.”
N.K. Singh, Chairman of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Review
Committee
www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance
www.oecd.org/eco/achieving-prudent-debt-targets-using-fiscal-rules.htm

While rapid economic growth is transforming India, the
country remains home to a third of the world’s poor.
The OECD provides evidence-based analysis, shares
international best practices and identifies policy options in
support of India’s efforts to foster inclusive growth so that
the benefits of growing prosperity are shared evenly.
The OECD works with governments to identify policy
solutions to break down barriers to inclusive growth. All on
Board: Making Inclusive Growth Happen, published in May
2015, takes a comprehensive approach to examining growth,
looking beyond traditional monetary indicators to multiple
dimensions that reflect the quality of life of all participants
in an economy. The report notes India’s commitment to the
provision of universal health care and an inclusive growth
strategy that will improve access to basic services and
formal jobs in rural and urban areas.
In It Together: Why Less Inequality Benefits All highlights the
key areas where inequalities are created and where new
policies are required to diminish non-standard work and
job polarisation, tackle persisting gender gaps, minimise
high wealth concentration, and expand the impact of
redistribution policies. The report highlights recent efforts by
Fostering inclusive growth
the Government of India to incentivise formal employment,
improve job quality and expand the redistributive capacity of
the tax system.
The OECD has been looking not only at the functioning of
the economic system but also at the diverse experiences
and living conditions of people and households. Measuring
well-being and progress is a key priority that the OECD is
pursuing as part of the Better Life Initiative. The OECD flagship
publication How’s Life?, published in October 2015, describes
the essential ingredients that shape people’s well-being in
OECD and partner countries and includes some data on India.
Given the importance of cities and metropolitan areas in
making inclusive growth happen, the OECD launched the
Inclusive Growth Cities Campaign in March 2016 to increase
the awareness of rising inequalities, refocus the debate on
concrete solutions and empower local governments as leaders
in the transition towards more inclusive growth. Central to
this campaign is the creation of a network of local leaders to
promote Inclusive Growth. The first meeting of the Network was
held in March 2016, and a roadmap for action was launched.
www.oecd.org/inclusive-growth
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

SUSTAINABLEGROWTH
the changes needed in sectors such as agriculture and
infrastructure to promote sustainable development. Aligning
Policies for a Low-Carbon Economy, published in July 2015,
identifies where existing policy and regulatory frameworks
are at odds with climate policy. Examples from India and
other emerging economies have enriched this work. India
also contributed to the 2015 OECD report Going Green: Best
Practices for Sustainable Procurement by sharing the efforts of
the Ministry of Railways to use public procurement as a tool
to conserve energy.
The OECD is committed to collaborating on the generation,
management and sharing of knowledge about green growth
through policy dialogue. The Organisation is one of the
four founding organisations of the Green Growth Knowledge
Platform (GGKP) to which The Energy and Resources Institute
(TERI) of India is an important knowledge partner. The GGKP
Fourth Annual Conference in September 2016 focused on
the theme of transforming development through inclusive
green growth and brought together leading practitioners and
experts on green growth from India and other countries.
The Green Growth and Sustainable Development Forum is an
OECD initiative aimed at providing a dedicated space for
Like many other countries, India faces the challenge of
managing the trade-off between economic growth and
environmental pressures. Green growth is the only way to
sustain economic growth and development over the long
term, in India as for other countries.
The OECD provides targeted advice to its Members and
Partner countries as they design and implement economic,
environmental, investment, regional and innovation policies
through the OECD Green Growth Strategy and its three
landmark reports – Towards Green Growth, Towards Green
Growth- Monitoring Progress – OECD Indicators and Tools
for Delivering on Green Growth. In addition, a report titled
Towards Green Growth? Tracking Progress, published in June
2015, assesses the advancements countries have made in
aligning economic and environmental priorities since 2011.
The report shows that mismanaging and undervaluing
natural resources such as land and ecosystems can impose
substantial human and economic costs in India, as in other
Member and Partner countries.
When tailoring green growth strategies to developing
countries, the OECD examines in particular the links
between green growth and poverty reduction, and identifies
Greening growth
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

Forest and Climate Change, the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) and the Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) held a joint workshop in May 2016 in
New Delhi to assess the opportunities and challenges for the
implementation of EPR in India. India recently updated its
EPR regulations on e-waste and plastics and is considering
the use of such schemes in other areas (such as end-of-
life vehicles). OECD experience is providing useful insights
into how such systems can be successfully designed and
implemented, and what pitfalls to avoid.
www.oecd.org/greengrowth
www.oecd.org/env
multi-disciplinary dialogue on green growth and sustainable
development. Dr. Anushree Sinha, Senior Fellow at the
National Council of Applied Economic Research spoke at
the annual Forum held in 2014, and the following event in
November 2016 focused on the theme of spatial planning,
land use and urban green growth.
The OECD also works on analysing the effectiveness and
efficiency of economic instruments to support the transition
towards sustainable materials management. Focus is put on
extended producer responsibility (EPR), an environmental
policy that extends the responsibility of producers into the
post-consumer stage of products, including appropriate
disposal and recycling. The Indian Ministry of Environment,
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
L Ajay Narayan Jha, Secretary at the Ministry of Forest, Environment and Climate
Change (third from right) attends the International Workshop on Extended
Producer Responsibility in May 2016 in New Delhi, India.
Greening growth

SUSTAINABLEGROWTH
The OECD-hosted Partnership in Statistics for Development in
the 21st Century (PARIS21) aims to help countries develop their
national statistical system, including to monitor the Sustainable
Development Goals. In September 2016, PARIS21 demonstrated
the Advanced Data Planning Tool (ADAPT) to representatives
from South-Asia at a sub-regional Workshop on Data and
Statistics for the SDGs, organised by UNESCAP in New Delhi.
ADAPT logs data availability, cost of undertaking data collection;
and data and financing gaps to help countries develop a road
map for achieving a data revolution.
www.oecd.org/std
The OECD develops and maintains comprehensive
databases with comparable statistics on a wide range
of policy areas, and works with countries to help them
produce and manage statistics. Ensuring that India is
included in the full scope of its statistical databases is a
priority for the Organisation and will be a crucial element
in deepening engagement between the OECD and India.
Economic data on India are regularly collected and
disseminated, including via a number of OECD Statistical News
Releases. India has been included in some of the most high
profile and important OECD databases, including a range
of short term economic statistics, for international trade,
monthly financial statistics such as monetary aggregates and
interest rates, production indices and prices. These frequently
consulted statistics provide an overview and comparison of
recent international economic developments and are used
in the modelling of business cycles. The OECD Factbook, an
extensive, annual compilation of economic, environmental
and social statistics, features a growing range of Indian
statistics covering a widening selection of statistical topics.
Engaging in technical dialogue is key to achieving the
development of the full range of standardised, comprehensive
statistical indicators which allow for meaningful international
comparisons between India and OECD partner countries.
Indian experts participated in the OECD 5th World Forum on
Statistics, Knowledge and Policy, held in Mexico in October 2015.
The conference addressed issues from the perspective of
how better evidence and measurement can lead to concrete
changes in policy and behaviour to improve people’s lives.
Indian expert, Ms. Shailaja Chandra, former Executive
Director of the National Population Stabilisation Fund and
former Chief Secretary of Delhi, spoke on issues related to
gender equality. The 4th World Forum was organised in New
Delhi in 2012 and focused on measuring well-being.
Fostering better data for
better policies
SCAN TO
READ THE
REPORT
L Shailaja Chandra the Executive Director of the National Population Stabilisation
Fund, former Chief Secretary of Delhi, (second from right) attends the OECD 5th
World Forum on Statistics, Knowledge and Policy in October 2015 in Guadalajara
Mexico. ©INEGI

India’s production of agricultural commodities,
particularly wheat, rice and cotton, has increased in 2016,
a trend that is expected to be sustained in the next ten
years. Increasing agricultural productivity is vital for lifting
the country’s primarily rural population out of poverty.
OECD’s work on agricultural policies spans different topics from
risk management to addressing long-term needs for improving
the sector’s productivity and sustainability. The OECD is now
working with the Indian Council for Research on International
Economic Relations (ICRIER) to develop an Agricultural Policy
Review of India, scheduled for release in 2017. The review will
explore India’s agricultural policy settings with reference to
developments since 1990, and will calculate Producer Support
Estimates that are comparable to those produced for OECD
and a number of non-OECD members through the annual
Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation report. The
overarching focus will be on India’s food security situation.
The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook analyses world commodity
market trends for key agricultural products and projects how
global agriculture will develop over the next ten years. The
2015 edition notes that considerable potential exists for India
to reduce food insecurity in the next decade, assuming strong
economic growth and increases in productivity. The latest
edition, published in July 2016, indicates that today, India
is the largest producer of cotton and pulses in the world. It
also expects that India will become the largest producer of
milk by 2020 in response to increases in demand induced by
population and income growth.
The OECD has also worked with India in the context of the
G20 to identify and promote policies that enhance food
security and increase agricultural productivity. In 2014,
the OECD and the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture
Organisation (FAO) co-ordinated a report for the G20 summit
on Opportunities for Economic Growth and Job Creation in
Relation to Food Security and Nutrition which highlights
the vital role food security plays in the G20’s growth, jobs
and finance agenda. The OECD also contributes to the
development and implementation of the Agricultural Market
Information System (AMIS) developed at the request of G20
Agriculture Ministers in 2011, which aims to improve the
availability of commodity market information and enable
timely dialogue and co-ordination amongst governments in
the event of an abnormal market situation. The focus of AMIS
includes maize and soybean as well as wheat and rice, two
crops that are particularly important in Indian food markets.
The OECD is a key reference for the certification and
standardisation of certain agricultural and forestry inputs
and commodities, which aim to facilitate international trade.
India is a member of both the OECD Standard Codes for the
Official Testing of Agricultural and Forestry Tractors and the OECD
Schemes for the Varietal Certification or the Control of Seed Moving
in International Trade.
www.agri-outlook.org
www.oecd.org/agriculture
www.oecd.org/tad/code
www.amis-outlook.org/amis-about
Enhancing agricultural productivity and
ensuring food security
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

SUSTAINABLEGROWTH
Co-operation Report provides statistics on and analysis of
foreign aid programmes (official development assistance)
as well as an overview of trends and issues currently being
discussed in the development community. The 2015 edition
looked at the potential of networks and partnerships to
create incentives for responsible action, highlighting that the
main sectors of India’s development co-operation are health,
education, energy (hydropower) and information technology,
which have primarily been channelled through the United
Nations in 2012 and 2013. The 2016 edition explored how
to unlock the potential of the private sector as a partner for
delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It
provided examples from India such as the Aavishkaar India
MicroVenture Capital Fund which makes investments in
the low-income market segment, including in agriculture,
education, energy, health, water and sanitation.
www.oecd.org/dac
www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/busanpartnership
India has a long tradition of providing South-South
co-operation, especially with its neighbouring countries,
and is expanding its ties with Africa. Through inclusive
partnerships for development, the OECD’s Development
Assistance Committee (DAC) helps ensure better lives
for people in the developing world by strengthening aid
delivery and effectiveness.
The OECD engages with India on development co-operation
through the DAC, which is the leading international forum
for bilateral providers of development cooperation. Indian
officials have attended DAC High-Level and Senior-Level
meetings, as well as the OECD Global Forum on Development
in 2014 and 2015. To further strengthen high-level dialogue
with India the DAC Chair, Mr. Erik Solheim, was invited
to speak in the Conference on South-South Cooperation
organised by the Research and Information System for
Developing Countries (RIS), a think-tank under the Ministry
of External Affairs, in New Delhi in March 2016. India has
shown its commitment to more effective development
co-operation by endorsing in 2011 the Busan Partnership for
Effective Development Co-operation, which sets out shared
principles, common goals and differential commitments
among adherent countries. It also recognised the Paris
Declaration for Aid Effectiveness in 2004, which is a practical,
action-oriented roadmap to improve the quality of aid and
its impact on development. India also contributes to the
OECD-WTO’s tracking of aid for trade work.
The OECD Strategy on Development aims to strengthen OECD’s
contributions to stronger and more inclusive growth in the
widest array of countries. As countries start to implement the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, closer collaboration
between India and the OECD – including through the Global
Partnership for Sustainable Development – will be important in
supporting the achievement of sustainable development goals,
particularly in developing countries. The OECD Development
Promoting effective development
co-operation
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

EFFICIENT
FUNCTIONING
OF MARKETS22 . ACTIVE WITH INDIA

FUNCTIONINGMARKETS
EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS . 23
According to OECD data, foreign direct investment (FDI)
inflows to India increased by 30% during 2015. This trend
has been facilitated by the Make in India initiative which
focuses on investment promotion, reforms to improve the
ease of doing business in India and further loosening of
investment restrictions.
The OECD and the Government of India have been
collaborating on investment-related issues for many years,
and Indian officials regularly participate in the OECD’s
Investment Committee meetings, engaging, in particular,
in the Committee’s work related to investment treaties.
High-level Indian government officials participated in the
OECD Conference on Investment Treaties and the OECD Dialogue
on Treaties which took place in March 2015. India regularly
participates in the Freedom of Investment Roundtables, which in
collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development (UNCTAD) and the WTO facilitate dialogue
on international investment agreements, including the
investor-state dispute settlement system. India also attends
the meetings of the Advisory Group on Investment and
Development, an OECD platform aimed at optimising private
investment and the private sector in support of sustainable
development.
The OECD has developed standards that aim to promote
efficient co-operation on international investment. The Policy
Framework for Investment (PFI) is the most comprehensive
and systematic approach for improving investment
conditions, covering investment policy, investment
promotion and facilitation, competition, trade, taxation,
corporate governance, finance, infrastructure, developing
human resources, policies to promote responsible business
conduct and investment in support of green growth, and
broader issues of public governance. The PFI has been
updated to reflect new global economic fundamentals and
to incorporate feedback from the international investment
Enhancing co-operation on
international investment
“India and OECD relationship
continues to grow and strengthen with
each passing year. In partnership with
leading institutions in India, OECD
has been organizing events around
different topics of sustainability. OECD
partnered with Centre for Responsible
Business (CRB) in 2015 and co-hosted
workshops at India and Sustainability
Standards Conference 2015 on
sustainability issues in the Apparel
and Textile and Gold sectors. These workshops were instrumental in
bringing together the concerned stakeholders from the two sectors
to dialogue and give inputs on the OECD Due Diligence Guidance
for Responsible Supply Chains in the Garment and the Footwear
Sector, and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply
Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas. The
high quality workshops helped the stakeholders align the local context
and challenges with global guidelines and appreciate the need for
boosting efforts towards improving sustainability in the two sectors.
I look forward to OECD and CRB’s joint initiatives across various
sectors in India.”
Bimal Arora, Chairperson at the Indian Centre for Responsible Business Conduct

policy community. The twin Codes of Liberalisation of Capital
Movements and Current Invisible Operations promote the
liberalisation of international trade in goods and services
and the progressive freedom of capital movements and
contribute to G20 discussions on how to help countries make
the most of capital flows.
The OECD actively supports India´s alignment to
international standards in business responsibility through
dialogue and standard setting activities. The OECD Guidelines
for Multinational Enterprises and the Due Diligence Guidance for
Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and
High-Risk Areas were presented at Roundtables on responsible
Enhancing co-operation on international investment
business conduct in the textile and apparel sectors and on
responsible gold organised by the Centre for Responsible
Business Conduct, an affiliate of the Indian Institute for
Corporate Affairs (IICA) in New Delhi in November 2015.
The OECD also published a report in June 2015, Overcoming
Barriers to International Investment in Clean Energy, analysing
the use of local-content requirements in India’s Jawaharlal
Nehru National Solar Mission and the impact of those
requirements on international investment in solar and wind
energy.
www.oecd.org/investment
L Somasundaram PR Managing Director for the Indian World Gold Council (left)
discusses sustainability standards in the gold sector with Sakhila Mirza, General
Counsel of the London Bullion Market Association (right) and Tyler Gillard,
Manager of Sector Projects and Legal Advisor, Responsible Business Conduct Unit,
OECD Investment Division (centre) at the Roundtable on International Gold, in
November 2015 in New Delhi, India.
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

FUNCTIONINGMARKETS
The Government of India is implementing ambitious
policies on financial education and inclusion, and
has opened over 200 million bank accounts for the
most financially vulnerable. The National Strategy for
Financial Education is central to ensuring the successful
implementation of its national financial inclusion policies.
The OECD provides a unique policy forum for governments
to exchange views and experiences on financial education as
an important means to financial inclusion. India’s National
Strategy for Financial Education is consistent with the
OECD’s High-level Principles on National Strategies for Financial
Education. The key priorities of the Strategy have been
informed by the OECD-led International Network on Financial
Education (INFE), which is composed of more than 110
countries and 250 public institutions. The network currently
focuses on a wide range of topics including the development
of financial education for micro, small and medium-sized
enterprises, and support for current and future users of
digital financial services. The OECD/INFE Policy Handbook,
published in November 2015, describes the experiences of 59
countries, including India, in addressing challenges that they
have faced in implementing the Principles.
India participates regularly in the INFE’s activities, and four
of India’s financial regulators – the Reserve Bank of India
(RBI), the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI),
the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, and
the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
– are members, as is the National Institute of Securities
Market. The RBI acts as the Network’s Vice-Chair and the
Deputy Governor participates in the Network’s Advisory
Board. Furthermore, SEBI has been co-leader of the Project
on Financial Education and Women, and is an important
member of the Investor Education Expert Sub-Group and
of the G20/OECD Task Force on Financial Consumer Protection.
In the latter, SEBI was the Vice-Chair for the development
Improving financial inclusion, education and
consumer protection
“I am very glad that SEBI OECD Asian
Seminar evoked so much response
and resulted in fruitful discussions on
various topics on financial consumer
protection since such seminars are
the link in the never ending chain of
co-operative and collaborative efforts
towards establishing transparent,
resilient and strong financial markets.
I am sure this conference will prove
a landmark in the topic of financial
consumer protection as was the previous seminar held by SEBI in
association with OECD in Goa. This seminar is another milestone in
strengthening the relationship between OECD and SEBI.’’
Prashant Saran,Whole-time Member of SEBI at the SEBI-OECD Asian Seminar on Emerging
Trends in Financial Consumer Protection Across Asia in February 2016 in Mumbai, India.

SCAN TO
READ THE
REPORT
of effective approaches to support the implementation of
Principle 9: Complaints Handling and Redress.
Within the framework of their co-operation, the OECD
and the Indian administration have co-organised a series
of events on financial education and financial consumer
protection over the past decade. In 2016, SEBI and the
OECD organised the Asian Seminar on Emerging Trends
in Financial Consumer Protection Across Asia and the
2nd Asian Financial Consumer Protection Roundtable on
Challenges in Developing and Implementing Financial
Consumer Protection Polices in Asia in Mumbai. These
events brought together high-level government officials and
experts from public authorities, including central banks and
regulatory and supervisory authorities, ministries of finance
and consumer and investor education bodies, as well as
senior representatives from the private sector and academics
from across Asia.
www.oecd.org/finance
Improving financial inclusion, education and consumer protection
L Prashant Saran, Whole-time Member at SEBI (right), and Rintaro Tamaki,
OECD Deputy Secretary-General (left), launch the SEBI-OECD Seminar on
Emerging Trends in Financial Consumer Protection Across Asia on 4 February
2016 in Mumbai by the traditional lighting of a lamp of knowledge.

FUNCTIONINGMARKETS
Trade liberalisation has played a key role in the economic
transformation of India and enhancing its integration
in Global Value Chains. The OECD carries out extensive
analytical work on trade, providing support for a strong,
rules-based multilateral trading system.
India is included in OECD’s work to develop a better
understanding of global value chains (GVCs) and their
policy implications. The OECD-WTO Trade in Value Added
(TiVA) database was recently developed to measure trade
in value added terms and to generate new insights about
the commercial relations among economies. The 2015
release measures the value of goods and services traded in
61 economies, across 34 industries. Key findings for India
show that there has been an acceleration in the country´s
integration into global value chains over the last two decades
with the foreign content of its exports more than doubling,
from less than 10% in 1995 to nearly one quarter in 2011.
The OECD also released a trade policy paper in April 2015,
Developing Country Participation in Global Value Chains, which
focuses on how developing countries engage with and benefit
from GVCs. The analysis shows that India attracted about
80% of the foreign direct investment (FDI) in the South Asian
region and 1% of global FDI in 2013. The paper identified
the quality of India’s infrastructure and its institutional
bottlenecks as hurdles to its full integration into GVCs.
In 2014, the OECD also launched a regulatory database of
services regulations, encompassing 19 services sectors and
sub-sectors in 42 countries, including India. This qualitative
database is complemented by quantified indices of services
trade restrictiveness, the Services Trade Restrictiveness
Index (STRI), which provide the information needed for
policymakers to scope out reform options, benchmark
them and assess their likely effects; for trade negotiators
to clarify the restrictions that most impede trade, growth
and employment; and for businesses to shed light on the
Facilitating trade and upgrading global
value chains
requirements that traders must comply with when entering
foreign markets. India’s services account for more than 30%
of gross exports and more than half of value added exports,
amongst the highest of the countries for which data are
available and mainly driven by business services and other
modern tradable services. The OECD and the Centre for
Policy Research held a workshop in New Delhi in April 2016
to present the STRI and highlight the role services play in the
overall competitiveness of India’s manufacturing sector.
Data on India is also included in the OECD Trade Facilitation
Indicators (TFIs), along with 160 other countries. These
indicators identify priority areas for reform to improve
border procedures, reduce trade costs, boost trade flows and
reap greater benefits from international trade at different
stages of development. This tool can help the Government
of India prioritise trade facilitation actions and guide
policy makers on resource allocation. OECD analysis shows
that lower middle income countries, such as India, could
potentially reduce trade costs by as much as 17.5% by
fully implementing measures agreed to in the WTO Trade
Facilitation Agreement.
India is a Participant to the Arrangement on Officially
Supported Export Credits, and Representatives from India
have attended meetings of the Working Party on Export
Credits and Credit Guarantees, showing particular interest in
discussions on coal fired power plants
www.oecd.org/trade
www.oecd.org/tad/services-trade/services-trade-restrictiveness-
index.htm

Promoting sound competition
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
New Delhi.The CCI has requested further technical assistance and
capacity building on competition assessments, and a training course
on this was held in December 2016. CCI officials also frequently
participate in the OECD-Korea Regional Policy Centre’s training
programme to develop and implement effective competition law and
policies across South-East Asia and the Asia-Pacific region.
India is included in the OECD Product Market Regulation Indicator
Database along with other OECD and G20 countries.The indicator
measures the degree to which policies promote or inhibit competition
in product markets. It measures regulatory barriers to competition
through state control of business operations, legal and administrative
barriers to start-ups, the protection of incumbents, and obstacles
to foreign trade and investment.The Product Market Regulation
Indicator for India is available for 2008 and 2013 and the next
complete update will be in 2018.
www.oecd.org/daf/competition
India enacted its Competition Act in 2002 to support the
successful transition from a state-planned to a market-based
economy. Indian policy makers recognise the importance of
strengthening the implementation and enforcement of the
existing legal framework in order to benefit consumers and
provide for more efficient and effective markets.
To promote sound competition principles and build mutual
understanding and cross-border convergence, the OECD has
developed international best practices in co-operation between
competition enforcers, on hard core cartels, and on assessment
of government policies for anti-competitive effects.The OECD
Recommendation on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement
calls for governments to assess their public procurement laws
and practices at all levels of government in order to promote more
effective procurement and reduce the risk of bid rigging in public
tenders.The Competition Assessment Toolkit and the Operational
Manual to the Toolkit, published in June 2015, provide a step-by-
step guide to performing competition assessments to remove
barriers to competition in regulations.
India and the Competition Commission of India (CCI) are
actively involved in the OECD’s work to develop and implement
international standards on competition enforcement and co-
operation, including the recent revision to the OECD Recommendation
concerning International Co-operation on Competition Investigations and
Proceedings in 2014.The Recommendation promotes international
co-operation among competition authorities to reduce the harm
arising from anti-competitive practices. India is a Participant in
OECD’s Competition Committee and a regular attendee at the
OECD’s annual Global Forum on Competition.
The OECD works closely with the CCI to address the challenges
facing the country’s competition regime, in particular to
strengthen enforcement capabilities through capacity building
exercises.The OECD held a training course for CCI officials on
leniency in June 2015 and one on cartels in November 2015 in

FUNCTIONINGMARKETS
In recent years, India has seen a growing consumer base
and a massive surge in e-commerce, making it vital to
ensure consumers´ rights and interests are protected.
The OECD helps governments design effective consumer
policies to support the development of efficient,
transparent and fair global markets.
In 2014, the OECD adopted a Recommendation of the
Council on Consumer Policy Decision Making, which
provides a framework for assessing consumer problems and
developing effective policy responses. The recommendation
draws on governments’ experiences in using the OECD
Consumer Policy Toolkit, developed in 2010. The OECD has
also issued policy guidance to address the implementation
of effective consumer policy in the fields of mobile and
online payments and digital content products. Efforts are
also underway to update the basic Guidelines for Consumer
Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, developed in
1999.
India engages in OECD committee work as a Participant
in the OECD Committee on Consumer Policy and Indian
officials actively take part in the work of its Working Party on
Consumer Product Safety. Web-based global databases were
launched by the Working Party in October 2012 to gather
information on global product recalls, to help track policy
and regulatory developments, and to share information on
injuries.
www.oecd.org/sti/consumer-policy
Strengthening consumer protection
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

PUBLIC AND
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE30 . ACTIVE WITH INDIA

GOVERNANCE
With the passing of the Companies Act in 2013, India
has increased the efficiency of its corporate governance
frameworks by advocating the independence of directors
and audit committees, providing more stringent rules on
the approval of related-party transactions, mandating
corporate social responsibility and raising the bar for
transparency and gender diversity on boards. Enforcement
and actual practices at the company level are key to
ensuring real progress.
The OECD and India have closely collaborated to develop
better global standards of corporate governance, with
India participating as an Associate – on equal footing with
OECD Member countries – in the 2015 review of the G20/
OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. These are one of
the key standards for sound financial systems used by the
Financial Stability Board and form the basis of the corporate
governance component of the World Bank Report on the
Observance of Standards and Codes. The 2015 edition of The
OECD Corporate Governance Factbook tracks how countries
are actually implementing the Principles and highlights
several of India’s corporate governance laws and practices.
Improving
corporate governance
PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE . 31
“OECD provides a forum which nurtures
and fosters the development of world
economy through its unprecedented
efforts in building impeccable value
system, ethics and integrity in the
corporate world. The revised G/20 OECD
Principles of corporate governance are a
benchmark for assessing and improving
corporate governance around the globe.
Institute of Company Secretaries of India
being a front runner of good corporate
governance in India has been collaborating with OECD to foster
mutual learning and discuss issues and implementation challenges in
seamless jurisdictions. This mutual relationship will help us all better
understand the global challenges and its impact.”
Mamta Binani, President of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI)
J Mamta Binani,
President of the ICSI,
attends the OECD
Conference on improving
women’s access to
leadership in March 2016
in Paris.
India regularly attends the meetings of the OECD Corporate
Governance Committee, and Indian officials have actively
participated in OECD Peer Reviews of other countries in the
Committee. Indian corporate governance regulations were
also formally assessed by the Committee in 2012.

The State of Public Finances 2015 in November 2015, which
looks at strategies for budgetary governance reform in OECD
countries following the crisis. The OECD Recommendation on
Budgetary Governance provides a concise overview of good
practices across the full spectrum of budget activities and
provides practical guidance for designing, implementing
and improving budget systems to achieve a better national
economic performance.
The OECD and India launched the India-OECD Corporate
Governance Policy Dialogue in 2011 to support policy makers
in India by assessing market practices and offering
recommendations based on a comparative analysis. Under
the auspices of this programme a policy dialogue was
co-organised with the Securities and Exchange Board of
India (SEBI) in New Delhi in 2013 and a report on Improving
Corporate Governance in India – Related Party Transactions
and Minority Shareholder Protection was published in August
2014. The meeting of the India-OECD Corporate Governance
Policy Dialogue in December 2016, also hosted by SEBI in
Mumbai, focused on issues relating to board evaluation of
listed companies.
Improving corporate governance
The OECD also engages with Indian policy makers and
regulators through other national institutions and regional
activities. The Chairman of the Institute of Company
Secretaries of India (ICSI), Ms Mamta Binani, participated
in the OECD Conference on improving women’s access to
leadership, held in Paris in March 2016. The OECD presented
the OECD Principles at the Roundtable Conference on
Corporate Governance organised by the ICSI in New Delhi
in April 2016. Furthermore, SEBI co-hosted the OECD-Asian
Roundtable on Corporate Governance in Mumbai in 2014,
which led to the adoption of a guide to strengthen corporate
governance through effective public enforcement in Asia, the
first of its kind elaborated at a regional level.
www.oecd.org/daf/ca
www.oecd.org/daf/ca/oecd-indiaworkoncorporategovernance.htm
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

GOVERNANCE
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have played an important
role in providing essential services to the population in
India. The OECD works with countries to help make SOEs
more transparent and accountable to the general public.
The OECD engages closely with India to support the
country’s efforts to effectively manage its SOEs. Indian
officials regularly attend and actively participate in the
meetings and work of the Working Party on State Ownership
and Privatisation Practices. India’s experience in listing SOEs
in comparison with other countries’ approaches is analysed
in the OECD report Broadening the Ownership of State-Owned
Enterprises: A Comparison of Governance Practice, published
in February 2016. The report shows that mixed ownership
can improve enterprise governance and performance.
The 2015 OECD publication State-Owned Enterprises in the
Development Process features a chapter on the role of SOEs
in Indian economic development. The report highlights the
need to assign clear roles to SOEs in the beginning of the
development process, to appropriately establish institutions
and formulate and promote industrial policy.
The OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned
Enterprises serve as an important reference for this work.
The Guidelines help governments organise their ownership
and regulatory roles as well as the governance of individual
SOEs. The Guidelines were revised in 2015 to better reflect
the experiences of the growing number of countries that
have taken steps to implement them and developments
since their adoption in 2005.
www.oecd.org/corporate/guidelines-corporate-governance-soes.htm
Raising the bar on state-owned enterprises
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

Recent initiatives in India aim to tackle corruption and
bribery through improved transparency measures, such
as setting up online platforms for transactions. Effectively
combating transnational bribery could enhance India’s
fast-growing outbound investment.
OECD-India joint work on combating corruption and
bribery and setting standards on the issue has progressively
expanded over the past decade, including under the auspices
of the G20. Pursuant to the G20 Anti-Corruption Action
Plan for 2015-2016, India participates in the meetings of the
G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group to explore its possible
adherence to the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of
Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions
(Anti-Bribery Convention). India was also included in the G20
Self-Assessment Report on Combating the Bribery of Foreign
Public Officials. Accession to the Convention would help
enhance India’s enforcement of transnational bribery and
facilitate stronger international co-operation.
Fighting corruption and enhancing integrity
More recently, Secretary Sanjay Kothari from the
Department of Personnel and Training participated in the
OECD Anti-Bribery Ministerial Meeting in March 2016 in
Paris, France. As part of the Ministerial Meeting, India joined
50 other countries in adopting a Ministerial Declaration of the
OECD Anti-Bribery Ministerial Meeting, which reaffirms states’
commitments to fight foreign bribery and corruption.
India and the OECD engage together through active dialogue
and regional activities on anti-corruption. Since 2009, Indian
officials attend the meetings of the OECD Working Group on
Bribery, which monitors the implementation of the Anti-
Bribery Convention. The OECD has conducted numerous
visits to India to discuss the Anti-Bribery Convention and
India’s engagement with the OECD Working Group on
Bribery. The Organisation has also successfully co-organised
several foreign bribery awareness-raising events in India
with the FICCI in 2011 and 2012 and with the CII in 2013 and
2015 to encourage Indian companies to support the passage
of a foreign bribery bill in India, and help put in place
effective internal controls, ethics and compliance measures
for preventing and detecting the bribery of foreign public
officials. India has also been a member of the OECD Anti-
Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific since 2001, and has
endorsed the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Action Plan for Asia
and the Pacific. This is a three pillar plan for fostering integrity
in the public service, private sector, and through civil society
involvement and is implemented through policy dialogue,
analysis, and capacity building.
www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative
www.oecd.org/gov/ethics

GOVERNANCE
The Government of India has implemented reforms in
order to improve tax transparency and compliance, and
strengthen domestic resource mobilisation. OECD bilateral
and multilateral co-operation with India in this area has
expanded rapidly.
OECD work on taxation has focused on developing unique
international tax standards and guidelines, including the OECD
Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital, new standards to
counter Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), the Transfer Pricing
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the International VAT/GST
Guidelines, the International Standards for Exchange of Information
“on request”, and Automatic Exchange of Information.
India has a leading role in the OECD standard-setting
work on enhancing international tax co-operation. It is an
Improving international tax transparency
and compliance
Associate to the BEPS project which is aimed at preventing
unintended double non-taxation, less than single taxation,
and ensuring that profits can be taxed where economic
activities occur and value is created. As a member of the
OECD’s Committee on Fiscal Affairs (CFA) Bureau Plus,
India is directly involved in setting the direction of the
BEPS project and its implementation. The project published
its final reports in October 2015, which were endorsed in
the G20. The next stage is now BEPS Implementation, and
India will be a key member of the new Inclusive Framework
developed to engage all interested countries on an equal
footing in the remaining standard setting, monitoring and
implementation process. In June 2015, India signed the
Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement to implement the
common reporting standards on the Automatic Exchange of
Financial Account Information in Tax Matters.

36 . ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL36 . ACTIVE WITH INDIA
India has been actively engaged since 2006 in the work of the
OECD Committee on Fiscal Affairs (CFA) as a Participant and
is a member of the Steering Group of the Global Forum on
Transfer Pricing. It also takes an active part in the Committee’s
Global Relations Programme by hosting global events, providing
expertise and participating in events held at the OECD
Multilateral Tax Centres.
India has also been an Associate in the Global Forum on
Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Steering
Group (hosted and supported by the OECD) since 2009 and has
acted as Vice-Chair of the Peer Review Group. The Forum brings
together 131 member jurisdictions, including over 60 developing
countries, and monitors commitments to the international
exchange of tax information “on request” standard. India hosted
a Global Forum Group Meeting on Automatic exchange of
information in New Delhi in December 2015.
The OECD Tax Centre jointly organised workshops with the
Indian Revenue Service at India’s National Academy of Direct
Taxes in Nagpur in 2016. The first workshop held in July focused
on transfer pricing and the second workshop held in August
examined the application of tax treaties also considering the
guidance provided in the OECD Model Tax Convention.
www.oecd.org/tax
www.oecd.org/tax/beps
www.oecd.org/tax/transparency
L Malathi Sridharan, Commissioner of IncomeTax, Mumbai (front-centre left), Michael Kobetsky, Professor at the University of Melbourne, (front-centre) and Anthony Clark, Advisor at theTransfer
Pricing Unit, Centre forTax Policy, OECD (front-centre right) attend the OECD-IRSTransfer PricingWorkshop at the India’s National Academy of DirectTaxes in July 2016 in Nagpur, India.
Improving international tax transparency and compliance

GOVERNANCE
The Government of India is undertaking a review of the
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act
in withholding fiscal prudence in an increasingly volatile
global economy. As a large federation, fiscal relations across
governmental levels are particularly important in India.
The OECD works with countries, including India, to ensure the
efficient governance and implementation of fiscal rules and
frameworks. Indian officials regularly attend the meetings
of the Public Governance Committee. The Working Party of
Senior Budget Officials of the Committee assesses countries’
budgeting systems and the underpinning institutional
frameworks, in view of ensuring that fiscal rules work well
and are adhered to. The OECD Recommendation on Budgetary
Governance provides a concise overview of good practices across
the full spectrum of budget activities and provides practical
guidance for designing, implementing and improving budget
systems to achieve a better national economic performance.
In support of the recently appointed FRBM Review Committee,
the OECD has shared its analyses of strategies for budgetary
governance reform in OECD countries following the crisis (cf.
The State of Public Finances 2015 published in November 2015).
In view of the importance of a well-functioning multi-tier
governance framework at the central, state and local levels,
Ensuring sustainable and transparent
public finances
India was the first Partner country to join the OECD Network
on Fiscal Relations across Levels of Government in 2013. Since
then, senior officials from the Indian Ministry of Finance have
regularly attended Network meetings and actively contribute
to its discussions.
India is included in OECD analyses on intergovernmental fiscal
relations. Fiscal Federalism 2016, published in June 2016, draws
on the work of the OECD Fiscal Network in presenting salient
policy issues on fiscal federalism. The OECD also analysed the
functioning of intergovernmental fiscal institutions and their
role in shaping fiscal policy and outcomes (see Institutions
of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations, published in November
2015). These publications show that fiscal arrangements
and responsibility in India are coherently distributed, and
that the country has strong and transparent fiscal rules and
frameworks. Furthermore, they note that the sub-national
governments have a low level of autonomy. The OECD also
published a working paper in November 2015, Fiscal Rules for
Sub-Central Governments, which highlights the significant role
that sub-national governments play in general government
fiscal consolidation.
www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting
www.oecd.org/tax/federalism
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

EMPLOYMENT,
SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
AND SKILLS38 . ACTIVE WITH INDIA

SOCIALDEVELOPMENT
Creating more and better jobs
Increasing job opportunities, particularly outside
agriculture, simplifying labour laws, promoting
formalisation and encouraging participation of women in
the labour market are key to inclusive growth in India.
The OECD publishes a wealth of data analysing employment
trends to help the Indian policymakers create more and
better quality jobs. The OECD Employment Outlook analyses
labour market trends annually. It monitors reforms and
provides country-specific recommendations to help
governments create jobs, particularly for vulnerable groups
such as younger, older and disabled workers. The 2015
edition provides a comprehensive analysis of job quality
in India and other emerging economies, giving a detailed
picture across socio-demographic groups and placing
particular attention on the gap between formal and informal
occupations. While India enjoys low levels of overall
unemployment, the report finds that job quality is an issue,
as a large proportion of workers are employed in poorly paid
or subsistence level-jobs with long working hours. The 2016
edition of the Employment Outlook, published in July, notes
that the gender pay gap in India has fallen by a quarter
over the last decade but remains high at 37%. The report
identifies wage gaps and job insecurity as key drivers of
disparities between women and men in the labour market.
The publication also makes recommendations on reducing
the difference in enrolment rates among girls and boys at
secondary and tertiary levels of education; ending violence
against women; and curbing informal employment.
The OECD also released three working papers in 2015
on female labour market participation in India, Raising
the economic participation of women in India – a new
growth engine?, Determinants of the Low Female Labour
Force Participation in India and Determinants of Female
Entrepreneurship in India. These papers highlight the
problems Indian women face in participating in productive
activity including the social and cultural factors side-lining
women from the labour force and entrepreneurial activity,
and demand issues such as India’s overall weak job creation.
The OECD also released another working paper in 2015,
Gender Equality and Economic Growth in India A Quantitative
Framework, which estimates the positive impact of increased
female labour force participation on economic growth in
India.
The OECD works with India on labour market policies in the
context of the G20 in co-operation with the International
Labour Organization, the International Monetary Fund
and the World Bank. The work focuses on promoting
employability, good-quality jobs and entrepreneurship
as a source of jobs and growth. The report G20 Labour
Markets in 2015: Strengthening the Link between Growth and
Employment, co-drafted by the OECD, includes statistics on
employment trends in India.
www.oecd.org/employment
SCAN TO
READ THE
REPORT
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT . 39

The Government of India has initiated a process to bring
social security coverage to the entire population,
nonetheless overall social spending in India is low by
international comparison and access to quality healthcare
remains a challenge. The OECD supports India in
promoting engagement in the areas of health, pensions
and social welfare.
OECD work on social policy continuously seeks out new good
practices to match changing socio-demographic profiles and
labour market conditions. Through the OECD/Korea Policy
Centre, the OECD biennially publishes Asia/Pacific editions of
Society at a Glance, Pensions at a Glance and Health at a Glance,
each including data on India. The OECD actively engages in
collecting health data in collaboration with the World Health
Organisation (WHO) Regional Office for South-East Asia.
India started engaging with the OECD on private pensions, three
years after the introduction of the new National Pension System in
2004. In 2007 it became a Participant to the OECD Working Party on
Private Pensions (WPPP), and Indian officials actively contribute to
the WPPP and benefit from sharing experiences and good practices
with other regulators on the challenges of a private pension
system in the early stages of development. Since 2006, India has
also been a governing member of the International Organisation
of Pension Supervisors (IOPS), hosted by the OECD. India has been
very active in the standard setting work of the WPPP and IOPS,
including the recent revision process of the OECD Recommendation
of the Council on Core Principles of Occupational Pension Regulation.
Data on India is included in the OECD Social Institutions and Gender
Index (SIGI), which is OECD Development Centre’s flagship gender
research and advocacy programme, consisting of a database on
social institutions accompanied by in-depth country profiles
for over 160 countries. The database is updated every two years
and captures discriminatory social institutions across five areas:
decision making within the family, son preference, secure access
to land and assets, civil liberties, and violence against women.
The latest edition of the results from SIGI was launched in the
synthesis report in December 2014. Although India ranks as having
high levels of gender discrimination in social institutions, it has put
in place a legal framework to counteract prejudice against women.
Secretary-General Angel Gurría and Mr. Kailash Satyarthi, Indian
Nobel Laureate and founder of the Kailash Satyarthi Children’s
Foundation (KSCF), signed an agreement in May 2016 to develop
collaboration to promote children’s welfare and well-being.
The initiative will include joint projects and exchange of best
practices and information.
www.oecd.org/els
www.oecd.org/finance/private-pensions
www.oecd.org/site/netfwd
www.genderindex.org/country/india
Promoting social inclusion and
health system performance
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

SOCIALDEVELOPMENT
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT . 41
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
J Angel Gurría, OECD
Secretary-General
(seated to right) and
Kailash Satyarthi,
Nobel Laureate and
founder of the Kailash
Satyarthi Children’s
Foundation (KSCF)
(seated to left) sign
an agreement for
KSCF and the OECD
to work together to
fight child poverty
and exploitation in
May 2016 at the OECD
Headquarters in Paris,
France.
“There can be no peace or sustainable economic growth in the
world while globally, 5.5 million child slaves and 168 million child
labourers toil at the expense of their education for others’ profits. I am
delighted that the OECD, under Secretary Angel Gurría’s leadership,
has joined me and my new foundation, the Kailash Satyarthi
Children’s Foundation, to end this blight on society. Together OECD
and KSCF will encourage greater collaboration between governments,
corporations and civil society and to address gaps in policies to end
this once and for all.
We must all do our bit to solve this urgent problem before one more
childhood is lost, before one more education, one more future is
squandered.”
Kailash Satyarthi, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and founder of the Kailash Satyarthi Children’s
Foundation (KSCF)

India has made upgrading the skills of its large, young
population a top national priority for development and
for moving up global value chains. India’s 2015 National
Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship seeks
to better the quality of skills training, make education
more responsive to employers’needs and increase access
to education for disadvantaged groups. It aims to improve
the skills of 500 million young people by 2022.
Having worked with over 40 members and emerging
economies on the design of effective vocational education
and training (VET) systems, the OECD can mobilise
international knowledge and experience to support reforms
in a range of priority areas for India, from the development
of apprenticeship schemes, to new ways to assess skills
directly and facilitate their recognition across formal and
informal sectors.
India engages with the OECD to foster and assess creativity
and critical thinking in education. It participates in the
work of the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and
Innovation (CERI) and is currently involved in a project led by
CERI which explores the synergies between the Indian Smart
Cities Initiative and OECD work to determine the drivers of
individual and societal well-being across major cities around
the world. The project is intended to expand understanding
of the skills required by 21st
century economies and connect
with India’s goals to bolster entrepreneurship and innovation.
Access to education and skills development is key to
inclusive growth. In 2009, two Indian states – Tamil Nadu
and Himachal Pradesh – took part in the Programme for
International Student Assessment (PISA). Now conducted in
more than 80 economies, PISA shows the extent to which
15-year-olds have acquired the skills needed for success in
life and work. This could provide Indian policy makers with
valuable evidence on the factors associated with student
outcomes and the types of interventions that could raise
performance and narrow achievement gaps across socio-
economic groups.
The OECD not only measures skills in student and adult
populations, it also works with countries to develop
skills strategies tailored to specific needs and contexts.
The evidence shows that using both cognitive (literacy,
numeracy) and “soft” (communicating, influencing,
negotiating) skills in the workplace and maintaining them
over a lifetime is strongly related to greater skills proficiency
– which, in turn, is linked to economic and social well-being.
www.oecd.org/edu
www.oecd.org/edu/ceri
Fostering skills through education
and training

INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION . 43
INDUSTRY
AND INNOVATION

Building a knowledge
economy
India is currently implementing policies to foster a
culture of innovation, entrepreneurship and harness the
digital economy. It has set up the Atal Innovation Mission
under the National Institution for Transforming India
(NITI Aayog) to draw upon national and international
experiences respectively.
The OECD works with Indian policy makers to develop
evidence-based policy advice on the contribution of science,
technology and innovation to well-being and economic
growth. Indian officials participate in meetings of the
OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy
and the Working Party on Science and Technology. It is also
a member of the Advisory Group of the OECD Innovation
for Inclusive Growth project that analyses innovation and
related policies from the perspective of social, industrial
and territorial inclusiveness. A high-level conference on
Innovation for Inclusive Growth was organised in New Delhi in
February 2015 with the active participation of Mr. Amitabh
Kant, CEO of the NITI Aayog and former Secretary at the
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion. The objective
of the conference was to share lessons learned and foster
discussion and policy exchange among stakeholders on the
contribution of innovation to inclusive growth. The project
findings were published in June 2015 in the report Innovation
Policies for Inclusive Growth.
India is also included in other OECD publications promoting a
knowledge economy. The Innovation Imperative: Contributing
to Productivity, Growth and Well-being sets out a concrete
agenda to strengthen innovation performance by identifying
priorities for policy makers that together provide the basis for
a comprehensive and action-oriented approach to innovation.
India is one of the countries featured in the OECD Science
and Technology Outlook and Science, Technology and Industry
Scoreboard, published every other year, which benchmark key
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
L Professor Anil Gupta, Founder of the Honey Bee Network and Dominique
Guellec and Karen Maguire from the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology
and Innovation participate in the International Conference on Innovation for
Inclusive Growth held in February 2015 in New Delhi, India.

INDUSTRYINNOVATION
trends and the performance of innovation and RD policies
in more than 45 OECD and major non-OECD economies.
OECD also works with India on the digital economy covering
domestic and cross-border economic, societal, regulatory
and technical issues. India joined the Seoul Declaration for the
Future of the Internet Economy in 2008 which focuses on how
to further the development of the Internet economy through
multi-stakeholder co-operation. Trends, opportunities and
challenges in trade, innovation and digital security for OECD
member and partner countries, including India are included
in the OECD Digital Economy Outlook.
www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicy
www.oecd.org/sti/industryandglobalisation
www.oecd.org/sti/inno/knowledge-and-innovation-for-inclusive-
development.htm.
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
200
200
200
200
200

Promoting a first-class steel industry
India has grown to become the world’s third largest steel
producer, behind China and Japan. The country’s crude
steelmaking capacity reached more than 117 million
tonnes in 2015 and is expected to continue to increase
to almost 130 million tonnes by 2018. India continues to
enjoy solid growth in steel demand.
The OECD is working closely with India to promote more
efficient production. As India is a Participant in the Steel
Committee, officials from the Ministry of Steel join other del-
egates from major steel-producing economies to discuss in-
dustry challenges. India’s steel and raw material policies are
covered extensively in OECD documents and publications.
The OECD Steel Market Developments series, the OECD
Steelmaking Capacity Portal and a number of reports released
by the Steel Committee provide access to a range of
analyses and data on global steel market and capacity
developments, including trends in the Indian steel industry.
Steel consumption is growing faster in India compared
with other major emerging market economies. Prospects
for steel demand are relatively good in the medium-
term in view of the ongoing economic reform process,
infrastructure development, the Make in India Initiative,
and urban development of smart cities. Investment in the
country’s steel industry is increasing rapidly to meet growing
demand. India’s very low consumption of steel per capita
also suggests that the country has significant scope for
further growth in steel demand in the long term as economic
development progresses.
www.oecd.org/sti/steel
SCAN TO
READ THE
REPORT

INDUSTRYINNOVATION
Meeting transport infrastructure needs
Since the 1990s, India’s growing economy has seen rapid
transport development, but challenges remain in building
new and transforming current infrastructure to maximise
the impact on the socio-economic well-being of society.
In 2009, India joined the International Transport Forum
(ITF), an intergovernmental organisation of 57 member
countries hosted by the OECD. The ITF aims to help shape
the international transport policy agenda, ensuring its
contribution to economic growth, environmental protection,
social inclusion and the preservation of human life.
The ITF includes analyses of India´s transport sector and
policies in its publications. The ITF Transport Outlook examines
scenarios for the development of long-term global passenger
and freight transport volumes. The 2015 edition pays particular
attention to analysing the impact of diverse urban transport
policy scenarios, especially in developing regions where most
urban population growth will occur in the following decades. It
includes a specific analysis of urban transport policy scenarios
for India showing that while the country is still in the early
stages of its motorisation process for private cars, there is a need
to further develop public transport in a number of Indian cities.
In preparation for the COP21, the ITF also published a
discussion paper in December 2015 on Low Carbon Mobility in
Mega Cities - What Different Policies Mean for Urban Transport
Emissions in China and India. The results were presented
during the COP21 session on Mitigating the Climate Change
Impacts of Urban Travel. According to the report, increases
in CO2
emissions from motor vehicles in Indian cities by 2030
will range from 112% in the best case (Jaipur) to 305% in the
worst case (Mumbai) and from 255% to 706% respectively by
2050. As cities grow and new urban agglomerations develop,
the demand for transport and the total distance travelled
by Indians will grow as well, with cars and motorised two-
wheelers increasingly becoming the preferred mode of travel.
L Kishor Patil, the Managing Director and CEO of KPIT receives the“Promising
Innovation in Transport Award”from K.L. Thapar, the Founder and Chairman of
Asian Institute of Transport Development, and José Viegas, the Secretary-General
of the International Transport Forum in May 2016 in Leipzig, Germany.
“It is an honour to receive this recognition from a world
renowned institution like the International Transport Forum. It
encourages us to continue our efforts to create technologies that
are environmentally friendly and cost effective. Our smart electric
bus technology will enable green, intelligent and affordable public
transportation.”
Kishor Patil, Managing Director and CEO of KPITTechnologies, receiving an award at the
InternationalTransport Forum

Since 2008, the ITF has hosted an Annual Summit bringing
together ministers from around the world to share policy
perspectives with CEOs, heads of international organisations,
thought leaders from civil society and academia, and media.
The 2016 Summit focused on Green and Inclusive Transport.
Mr. K.L. Thapar, Founder and Chairman of Asian Institute of
Transport Development who also served as a Principal Advisor
to the former Planning Commission, participated as a speaker
in the session on Inclusive Transport Planning for Low Density
Rural Areas. The India-based global technology firm, KPIT
Technologies, won an award for developing a system that can
convert new and existing diesel buses into full electric buses.
The ITF, in collaboration with the Airports Council
International (ACI) and the International Civil Aviation
Organisation, organised the 2nd Annual ACI Conference on
Investing in Airports in Goa in December 2016. The conference
covered topics related to economic regulation, financing
frameworks and tools to modernise infrastructure and
services at the world’s airports to help meeting future
demand.
www.itf-oecd.org
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
Meeting transport infrastructure needs

ENVIRONMENT
AND ENERGY
ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY . 49

Combating climate change
In recognition of the risks of climate change for
development and livelihoods in India, the country signed
the COP21 Global Climate Agreement in April 2016. India’s
National Action Plan on Climate Change commits to carbon
emission reduction and supporting renewable energy.
During the COP 21 meetings in December 2015 in Paris,
the OECD committed to helping its Members and Partner
countries obtain a comprehensive picture of their
performance on climate change. The Climate Change
Expert Group (CCXG) on the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, for which the OECD and
International Energy Agency (IEA) serve as a Secretariat,
provides analytical input to international climate change
negotiations. The CCXG holds regular seminars and
organises the Global Forum on Environment events with
a wide variety of country delegates and experts, including
from India.
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS

ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY . 51
SCAN TO READ
THE REPORTS
ENVIRONMENTENERGY
The OECD has produced an array of reports to pursue
its mission of supporting both developed and emerging
countries, including India, to contribute to the successful
implementation of the Paris Agreement:
l Climate Change Risks and Adaptation: Linking Policy and
Economics (2015) identifies how governments can manage
risks arising from a changing climate, highlighting India’s
increasing energy demand for cooling.
l Policy Guidance for Investment in Clean Energy Infrastructure:
Expanding Access to Clean Energy for Green Growth and
Development (2015) outlines available policy options to
make the most of private investment opportunities in clean
energy infrastructure. The publication describes India’s
National Solar Mission, explains the country’s approach on
carbon pricing mechanisms and highlights the state of its
energy infrastructure, particularly with regard to clean and
renewable energy sources.
l Climate Change Mitigation: Policies and Progress (2015)
reviews trends and progress on climate change mitigation
policies in the OECD and partner economies. Policy options
to deal with energy efficiency and security in India are
addressed in the report.
l Climate Finance in 2013-14 and the USD 100 billion Goal
(2015) provides an estimate of progress against developed
countries’ commitment to mobilise USD 100 billion a year
by 2020 for climate action in developing countries.
l Mobilising the Debt Capital Markets for a Low-carbon
Transition (2016) reviews the evolution of and trends in
green bond markets, and looks at domestic policies being
implemented to promote green bond market development.
www.oecd.org/env/cc

Active with India

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (20)

Destacado

Destacado (12)

Similar a Active with India

Similar a Active with India (20)

Más de OECDglobal

Más de OECDglobal (20)

Último

Último (20)

Active with India