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Uranium Prospectivity of Mongolian Basins
Kristl Hoksbergen 1, Enkhbayasgalan Dugerjav 2,
Munkhbold Nayam-Ochir 2
1Cameco Corporation, 2 Cameco Mongolia


29, May, 2012
Key Messages
● Mongolia has a complex structural past, with Jurassic and
  Cretaceous tectonism creating many extensional rift basins
  along the main Mongolian lineament;
● These extensional basins contain many uranium occurrences
  as well as deposits containing a combined total of over 25,000
  tonnes U;
● Uraniferous basins consist of the same elements many of the
  unexplored basins contain;
● The Tamsag basin in Mongolia covers an area of over 48,000
  km2;
● Sediments of the Tamsag are highly prospective for the
  formation of sandstone hosted uranium deposits;
● Mongolia is highly unexplored, and contains many basins
  prospective for sandstone hosted uranium.



             IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
   Slide 2
                           A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Sandstone Deposits of the World




-Coordinates taken from the IAEA Database

                                            IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                    Slide 3
                                                          A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Location Map




            IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
  Slide 4
                          A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Sandstone Uranium in Mongolia




                                                                     2,460 tonnes U
                    3,039 tonnes U

                                         3,000 tonnes U


                                                                    9,800 tonnes U




-Tonneage taken from the IAEA database

                                          IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                    Slide 5
                                                        A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Palinspastic Reconstruction




Modified from Ito et al, 2006

                                 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                       Slide 6
                                               A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Tectonic Terranes of Mongolia




                                                Main Mongolian Lineament




-Modified after Badarch et al, 2002


                                      IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                   Slide 7
                                                    A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Mongolian Meso and Cenozoic Basins




            IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
  Slide 8
                          A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Basin Development in Mongolia




Modified from Traynor and Slayden, 1995

                                          IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                     Slide 9
                                                        A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Extensional vs Contractional Basins
                                                                                                                    Kazakhstan




                                                                                                                -Modified from Yazikov, 1996

Both Figures Diagrammatic - Not to scale

                                           Karoo (Selous) Basin                                                      Tanzania




                                                                                                               -Modified from Catuneanu, 2005

                                           IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                 Slide 10
                                                         A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Rift Sedimentary Environments




Modified from Ito et al, 2006

                                 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                      Slide 11
                                               A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Rift Basin Stratigraphy- An Example




Modified from Ito et al, 2006

                                 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                      Slide 12
                                               A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
The development of a uranium bearing
            Mongolian rift basin




           IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
Slide 13
                         A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Initiation of Jurassic rifting




           IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
Slide 14
                         A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Deposition of Jurassic volcanoclastics and
             mafic extrusives




           IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
Slide 15
                         A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Lower Cretaceous rifting and syn-rift
sedimentation of coal bearing lacustrine and
             fluvial sediments




            IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
 Slide 16
                          A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Rifting ceases at the end of the Lower
 Cretaceous. Deposition of post-rift Upper
Cretaceous red beds and fluvial sediments,
            minor fault reversal




           IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
Slide 17
                         A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Deposition of Cenozoic alluvial deposits and
         prominent basin inversion




            IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
 Slide 18
                          A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Location of sandstone-hosted uranium
                   deposits



           Structural




                                                                                   Roll Front
                                                                 Basal
                                                                Channel




               IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
Slide 19
                             A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Basin Focus: Tamsag Basin




                                                                                          Tamsag Basin




                                                                                 LEGEND




             IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
  Slide 20
                           A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Basin Focus: Tamsag Basin




Modified from Davaa, 2010

                            IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                 Slide 21
                                          A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
W-E Property Interpreted Basin Section
CMK-140
CMK-144
CMK-141




                                CMK-145




                                                                                                 CMK-146
          Alluvium




                                                                                  K1 Sediments




 1 km



                      IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
           Slide 22
                                    A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
W-E Property Cross-Section from Drilling
CMK-140



          CMK-144




                       CMK-143




                                 CMK-141




                                                                                      CMK-145




                                                                                                                             CMK-146
                                                                                                                      10 m
                                                                                                               1 km

                                           IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
                    Slide 23
                                                         A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Requirements for Uranium Deposition
   Source                                   Transport                                           Trap

Uraniferous Rocks;                -Fluid Conduit;                                        Reducing Agent;
- “Hot” Granites                  -Porous/permeable sands:                               -Organic trash
-Volcaniclastics                            -Braided/Meandering                          -Pyrite
                                            -Alluvial Fans                               -H2S/Hydrocarbons
                                                                                         -Deep seated structures




                     IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
       Slide 24
                                   A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
Conclusions
● Large sandstone hosted uranium systems are
  usually found in contractional basins (foreland
  basins);
● Rift basins typically develop as a series of sub-
  basins, are more compartmentalized, and produce
  more closed depositional systems;
● However, rift basins are capable of hosting
  economic deposits, including the Karoo Basin of
  Africa, and several basins in Mongolia;
● Mongolian Cretaceous basins contain suitable
  uranium source rocks, host stratigraphy and
  efficient mineralization traps;
● Mongolia contains many aerially extensive rift
  basins that are relatively unexplored.


             IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits:
  Slide 25
                           A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012

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Austria Conference-07 kh-iaea-mongolian rift basins-2012

  • 1. Uranium Prospectivity of Mongolian Basins Kristl Hoksbergen 1, Enkhbayasgalan Dugerjav 2, Munkhbold Nayam-Ochir 2 1Cameco Corporation, 2 Cameco Mongolia 29, May, 2012
  • 2. Key Messages ● Mongolia has a complex structural past, with Jurassic and Cretaceous tectonism creating many extensional rift basins along the main Mongolian lineament; ● These extensional basins contain many uranium occurrences as well as deposits containing a combined total of over 25,000 tonnes U; ● Uraniferous basins consist of the same elements many of the unexplored basins contain; ● The Tamsag basin in Mongolia covers an area of over 48,000 km2; ● Sediments of the Tamsag are highly prospective for the formation of sandstone hosted uranium deposits; ● Mongolia is highly unexplored, and contains many basins prospective for sandstone hosted uranium. IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 2 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 3. Sandstone Deposits of the World -Coordinates taken from the IAEA Database IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 3 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 4. Location Map IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 4 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 5. Sandstone Uranium in Mongolia 2,460 tonnes U 3,039 tonnes U 3,000 tonnes U 9,800 tonnes U -Tonneage taken from the IAEA database IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 5 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 6. Palinspastic Reconstruction Modified from Ito et al, 2006 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 6 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 7. Tectonic Terranes of Mongolia Main Mongolian Lineament -Modified after Badarch et al, 2002 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 7 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 8. Mongolian Meso and Cenozoic Basins IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 8 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 9. Basin Development in Mongolia Modified from Traynor and Slayden, 1995 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 9 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 10. Extensional vs Contractional Basins Kazakhstan -Modified from Yazikov, 1996 Both Figures Diagrammatic - Not to scale Karoo (Selous) Basin Tanzania -Modified from Catuneanu, 2005 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 10 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 11. Rift Sedimentary Environments Modified from Ito et al, 2006 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 11 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 12. Rift Basin Stratigraphy- An Example Modified from Ito et al, 2006 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 12 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 13. The development of a uranium bearing Mongolian rift basin IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 13 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 14. Initiation of Jurassic rifting IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 14 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 15. Deposition of Jurassic volcanoclastics and mafic extrusives IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 15 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 16. Lower Cretaceous rifting and syn-rift sedimentation of coal bearing lacustrine and fluvial sediments IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 16 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 17. Rifting ceases at the end of the Lower Cretaceous. Deposition of post-rift Upper Cretaceous red beds and fluvial sediments, minor fault reversal IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 17 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 18. Deposition of Cenozoic alluvial deposits and prominent basin inversion IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 18 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 19. Location of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits Structural Roll Front Basal Channel IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 19 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 20. Basin Focus: Tamsag Basin Tamsag Basin LEGEND IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 20 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 21. Basin Focus: Tamsag Basin Modified from Davaa, 2010 IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 21 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 22. W-E Property Interpreted Basin Section CMK-140 CMK-144 CMK-141 CMK-145 CMK-146 Alluvium K1 Sediments 1 km IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 22 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 23. W-E Property Cross-Section from Drilling CMK-140 CMK-144 CMK-143 CMK-141 CMK-145 CMK-146 10 m 1 km IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 23 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 24. Requirements for Uranium Deposition Source Transport Trap Uraniferous Rocks; -Fluid Conduit; Reducing Agent; - “Hot” Granites -Porous/permeable sands: -Organic trash -Volcaniclastics -Braided/Meandering -Pyrite -Alluvial Fans -H2S/Hydrocarbons -Deep seated structures IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 24 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012
  • 25. Conclusions ● Large sandstone hosted uranium systems are usually found in contractional basins (foreland basins); ● Rift basins typically develop as a series of sub- basins, are more compartmentalized, and produce more closed depositional systems; ● However, rift basins are capable of hosting economic deposits, including the Karoo Basin of Africa, and several basins in Mongolia; ● Mongolian Cretaceous basins contain suitable uranium source rocks, host stratigraphy and efficient mineralization traps; ● Mongolia contains many aerially extensive rift basins that are relatively unexplored. IAEA Technical Meeting: The Origin of Sandstone Uranium Deposits: Slide 25 A Global Prospective -May 29th, 2012

Notas del editor

  1. EUR, Europe; KAZ, Kazakhstan; SIB, Siberia; MON, Mongolia; JUN, Junggar; TAR, Tarim; NCB, North China Block; SCB, South China Block; K, Korea and Shandong; J, Japan; QA, Qaidam; QI, Qiangtang; LH, Lhassa; SH, Shan Thai; INC, Indochina. MOS ¼ Mongol-Okhotsuk Ocean
  2. Yazhikov, V. 1996. Uranium raw material base of the Republic of Kazakhstan and prospects of using in situ leach mining for its development. In: In Situ leach uranium Mining. Proceedings of IAEA Technical Committee Meeting, Almaty, Kazakhstan, September 1996.
  3. Tertiary Aged FTMP- 20-25 MA