MMS SEM4 Project management Assignment

1. PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT
• Sakshay Patil: 251
• Shraddha Patil: 252
• Shubham Patil: 253
• Nishanth Poojary: 256
• Ankit Ranwa: 257
• Sahil Shinde: 261
• Omkar Sutar: 265

2. What is Project Quality Management?
Project quality management is the process of continually measuring the quality of all activities and taking
corrective action until the team achieves the desired quality. Quality management processes help to:
• Control the cost of a project
• Establish standards to aim for
• Determine steps to achieve standards
Effective quality management of a project also lowers the risk of product failure or unsatisfied clients.
Project quality is important for many reasons. Primarily the success and reputation of your business
depends on your ability to successfully deliver projects. If you deliver a failed project to client, it’s likely
they’ll avoid working with you in the future. Also, a poorly run project will drain internal resources and
waste time and money. Without a system in place to measure your project’s performance, you often find
out too late that it has failed.

3. Project Quality Management Plan
Most project managers intend to create the best possible product or service. But even the
most skilled, educated teams, with the most modern tools, may fail without the right project
quality management plan in place.
Measuring quality may seem like something you can’t do until after the project is complete.
However, project quality management should be planned from the beginning
and monitored throughout with these three quality management processes:
• Quality planning
• Quality assurance
• Quality control

4. 1. Quality Planning
• Quality Planning is identifying the quality goals, standards, and procedures that will be followed to guarantee
that the project produces a high-quality result. This involves determining the resources, funding, and
technologies required to attain the specified quality standards.
• A software development project, for example, may begin with a quality planning phase in which the project
team specifies the software requirements and establishes quality targets, such as ensuring that the product
fulfills accessibility standards and has a high degree of usability. The project team may also develop a quality
plan outlining their activities to assure quality, such as undertaking frequent code reviews and user testing.

5. 2. Quality Assurance
• Quality assurance provides evidence to stakeholders that all quality-related activities are being done as
defined and promised. It ensures safeguards are in place to guarantee all expectations regarding quality
outputs will be met.
• Quality assurance is done to the products and services delivered by a project, as well as the processes and
procedures used to manage the project. The team can do this through systems such as a process checklist or a
project audit.
• Quality assurance tests use a system of metrics to determine whether the quality management plan is
proceeding acceptably. By using both qualitative and quantitative metrics, you can effectively measure project
quality with customer satisfaction.
• These tests or quality audits will help you predict and verify the achievement of goals and identify the need
for corrective actions. Quality assurance tests will help you map quality metrics to quality goals, allowing you
to report on the status of quality at periodic project review meetings.

6. 3. Quality Control
• Quality control involves operational techniques meant to ensure quality standards. This includes identifying,
analyzing, and correcting problems. While quality assurance occurs before a problem is identified, quality
control is reactionary. It occurs after a problem has been identified and suggests methods of improvement.
• It measures specific project outputs and determines compliance with applicable standards. It also identifies
project risk factors, their mitigation, and ways to prevent and eliminate unsatisfactory performance.
• Quality control can also ensure the project is on budget and on schedule. You can monitor project outputs
through peer reviews and testing. By catching any deliverables failing to meet the agreed standards
throughout, you can simply adjust direction rather than having to entirely redo certain aspects.

7. Benefits of Project Quality Management
• Quality products. Ensuring you and the project team check the quality of the project means the product will
go through multiple development processes. This will help to deliver a final product that meets customer
expectations.
• Customer satisfaction. Tackling problems in real-time and communicating with the customer will ensure
they’re up to date and aware of any issues. Incremental customer feedback can also help you to deliver a
better final product.
• Increased productivity. With a project quality management system everyone knows deadlines and what is
needed in advance. Having set deadlines, meetings, and reports can influence the project team to hit targets
early to keep the project on track.
• Financial gains. Projects can run over budget if good quality management is absent. By having the three
processes in place planning, assurance, and control you can tackle problems before they cut into your budget.
• Removes silos. Boost collaboration between teams with project quality management tools. Being able to
easily see where each team is up to and using meetings to discuss feedback between departments can remove
departmental silos.

8. Quality Management Tools
1. Affinity diagrams.
Affinity diagrams generate, organize, and consolidate information concerning a product, process, complex issue,
or problem. It expresses ideas without quantifying them (brainstorming sessions).
2. Process decision program charts.
Process decision program charts see the steps required for completing a process and analyzing the impact. These
charts help to identify what could go wrong and help plan for these scenarios.
3. Interrelationship diagrams.
Six Sigma Daily defines interrelationship diagrams as diagrams that show cause-and-effect relationships. These
diagrams identify variables that occur while working on a project and what parts of the project those variables
might affect.
4. Prioritization matrices.
Use these during brainstorming sessions to evaluate issues based on set criteria to create a prioritized list of
items. It helps to identify what issues may arise and determines the problems to prioritize to meet objectives.

9. 5. Network diagrams.
A visual representation of a project’s schedule. This helps plan the project from start to finish. It illustrates the scope and
the critical path of the project. The two types of network diagrams are:
• Arrow diagram
• Precedence diagram
6. Matrix diagrams.
A matrix diagram is used to analyze data within an organization’s structure. It shows the relationships between objectives,
factors, and causes that exist between rows and columns that make up the entire matrix. There are multiple types of matrices
to use, depending on the number of items and groups of items to analyze.
The different matrix diagrams and their use cases:
• L-shaped matrix. Creates a relationship between two items.
• T-shaped matrix. Creates a relationship between three groups of items.
• Y-shaped matrix. Creates a relationship between three groups of items, but it is displayed in a circular diagram.
• C-shaped matrix. Creates a relationship within three groups of items, and it is displayed in 3D.
• X-shaped matrix. Creates a relationship between four groups of items.

10. Quality Management Software
Project quality management is multifaceted. Your team must:
• Clearly understand the quality expectations
• Determine how you will measure whether you’re meeting those expectations
• Implement any necessary changes along the way
The ideal work management platform allows you to track these aspects in one easy-to-use place.
Workfront’s proofing tools streamline review and approval processes to ensure quality and avoid costly
mistakes. You’ll slash time traditionally wasted tracking down approvals and aggregate feedback in one
centralized hub for team members and stakeholders to access in real-time.

11. Techniques in Project Quality Management
1. Total Quality Management
Total quality management (TQM) is an old technique of quality management, in this very technique focus is
given on each and every step of manufacturing to ensure that the quality remained maintained from the
inception. This technique is widely used in organizations because it cost-effective and easy to implement. This
technique is also a customer-oriented technique because while implementing this technique customer’s needs are
given the most priority.
2. Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a very old method of quality management and used widely in industries like mechanical and
electrical works. This is a technique in which the focus is one the quality improvement of the product by
removing or eliminating the defects which are a hurdle in the quality.

12. 3. Top-down and bottom-up approach
The top-down and bottom-up approaches are very effective types of approaches in this the orders are passed
from top officials to lower level and information is passed from lower level to higher official. The main agenda
of this approach is to maintain the quality of the product by co-operating with each level so that a good product
is delivered.
4. ISO
Every establishment in the world whether it is a company, an industry or other firms should have to take the
certification of quality assurance from the ISO. This ISO certification also works as an assurance to the
customer that the product is genuine and safe to consume. So, this ISO tag is also the sign of good quality, and
every industry is running to get this mark to make its product as a genuine product.
5. Cost of Quality
The cost of quality is the difference between the cost of the production including manufacturing, sale and other
expenses and cost incurred without any defect during the production. The main idea behind the cost of quality is
to make the product cheaper and defect-free.

13. Advantages
1) Emphasizing the needs of the market:
QM helps in highlighting the needs of the market. Its application is universal and helps the organization to identify and
meet the needs the market in a better way.
2) Assures better quality performance in every sphere of activity:
Adverse and non-participative attitudes of the employees are the biggest obstacles in the organizationâ€
™
s success,
growth and advancement.
TQM stresses on bringing attitudinal changes and improvements in the performance of employees by promoting proper
work culture and effective teamwork
3) Helps in checking non-productive activities and waste:
Every organization aims at improving productivity as well as reduction in cost so as to result in increase in profitability.
Under TQM, quality improvement teams are constituted to reduce waste and inefficiency of every king by introducing
systematic approach.

14. 4) Helpful in meeting the competition:
TQM techniques are greatly helpful in understanding the competition and also developing an effective
combating strategy. Due to the cutthroat competition, the very survival of many organizations has become very
vital issue.
5) It helps in developing an adequate system of communication:
Faulty and inadequate communication and improper procedures act as stumbling blocks in the way of proper
development of an organization.
It results in misunderstanding, low- productivity, poor quality, duplication of efforts and low morale. QM
techniques bind together members of various related sections, departments and levels of management for
effective communication and interaction.

15. Disadvantages
1) Production Disruption
Implementing a Total Quality Management system in a company requires extensive training of employees and these requires
them to take some time of their day-to-day work duties. While the improvements do reduce lead time, eliminate waste and
improve productivity, the beginning stages of implementing Total Quality Management in an organization can reduce worker
output.
2) Employee Resistance
Total Quality Management requires change in mindset, attitude and methods for performing their jobs. When management
does not effectively communicate the team approach of Total Quality Management, workers may become fearful, which leads
to employee resistance. When workers resist the program, it can lower employee morale and productivity for the business.
3) Quality is Expensive
TQM is expensive to implement. Implementation often comes with additional training costs, team-development costs,
infrastructural improvement costs, consultant fees and the like.
4) Discourages Creativity
TQM’s focus on task standardization to ensure consistency discourages creativity and innovation. It also discourages new
ideas that can possibly improve productivity.

16. Conclusion
Managing the quality of your project is a difficult task. There are several
aspects to consider, team members to supervise and goals to set and track.
However, every project manager should always incorporate quality planning as
part of the project management process. It is not something that is discovered
amid project management. Quality should always be prioritized while executing
any strategy since it will help you maintain high standards and achieve your
objectives.