2. In GIS, the line between research and
application is fuzzy at best.
Many research studies are based on practical
applications, and many applications are
evaluated and end up in peer-reviewed
journals.
Practitioner research needs to be done more
often
3. Common perception about public housing
projects is that they are violent and
dangerous places.
Few studies link Public Housing to crime
4. Park DuValle
◦ Main reasons for reduction:
Revitalization
Removal of the adjacent dilapidated, unattended
private apartments
Relocation of the former residents of those two low-
income public housing projects (Suresh &
Vito, 2007)
5. Holzman et al
◦ aggravated assaults and robberies were higher in public
housing areas
◦ burglaries, larcenies, and thefts tended to be lower in
public housing areas
◦ black females who lived in public housing in both cities
were at higher risk of being victims of aggravated assault
than black or white women who did not live in public
housing
6. Roncek
◦ robbery in the Bronx
◦ demographic, socioeconomic, and other variables were
controlled for
◦ the existence of public housing projects had no effect on
robberies
◦ Thus, characteristics of the people may be more important
than characteristics of places for some types of crimes.
7. Fagan and Davies,et al
◦ There are spatial and temporal differences in crime rates
across public housing sites
◦ Crime rates are not stagnant but are dynamic and have
“crime careers”
◦ Various problems exist in calculating population
denominators
◦ They found that, in general, crime is greater within a 100-
yard perimeter surrounding a housing project than it is
within the boundaries of the project itself
8. Wernicke et al
Construction sites
Alert the public
◦
Work closely with builders and contractors
◦
Identify known offenders
◦
Checkpoints and detectives working weekend hours
◦
Overland Park Police Department noted a 26% reduction
in stolen equipment.
9. Eisenberg & Schmerler,
Motels
◦ 5 Motels accounted for large numbers of CFS
◦ Noon and at 11 pm temporal pattern
Strategies:
strict screening of both guests and visitors
◦
increased access control
◦
using security guards
◦
clearly conveying the rules to guests
◦
posting signs around the motel property that displayed the
◦
rules
◦ employee training
◦ code enforcement
◦ limits on the length of stay were implemented
10. Reno (1998)
◦ Concentration of daytime burglaries was located near a
high school.
◦ Strategies:
Targeted area enforcement
Investigative stops
Truancy enforcement
11. Hendersen and Lowell (2000)
◦ Focused on campus crime at Temple
University
◦ Identified four clusters
security kiosks
improved lighting
Increased patrols
provided escort services
Transit Stops –Block et al
12. ◦ Many of these studies can be duplicated
by analysts within their own jurisdictions.
Analysts can thereby add to the research
and eventual publications that deal with
these crimeTransit Stops –Block et al a benefit for
issues to create
everyone involved in crime prevention and
control.
13. Generally, hot spots are viewed as small
geographic areas that experience higher
than average levels of crime for a consistent
period of time
Taylor suggests that hot-spot based
strategies, in general, have produced
minimal impacts on crime and that these
impacts are typically only achieved for the
short term.
14. Many factors can contribute to
misinterpretation of hotspots
May not tell the entire picture and creative
strategies to see reduction
Multiple levels of analysis are needed to see
the entire picture in most cases
15. There are many and varied applications of GIS
with crime that need more research and
duplication of studies
Thousands of success stories of use of GIS to
map crime, find patterns and series, do
analysis and intervene in crime occurring
Local uses of GIS
Tactical efforts
◦
Proactive policing
◦
Event planning
◦
Community-based policing
◦
Problem-oriented policing
◦
Compstat
◦
Traffic and other Misc uses of GIS
◦
16. The possibilities for crime mapping in
small-, medium-, and large-sized
departments are endless. The applications
range from the facilitation of simple
presentations to the development of
complicated prediction models. In
addition, the enhanced supervision and
monitoring of parolees and probationers is
also aided by the use of GPS and GIS.
What other applications can you think of?
