Hokkaido, a northern island of Japan, is situated in an area of mixed forest with coniferous and hardwood species between the cool-temperate and the sub-boreal zone. Single-tree selection system has been widely employed since the early 20th century as a major option to manage multi-aged and mixed forests. The University of Tokyo (UT) has owned and managed 23 thousand hectare of forests in the central part of Hokkaido since 1899. The stand-based silvicultural management system has been implemented at the UT Hokkaido Forest for over 50 years to maximize multiple public and economic functions of forest ecosystems. After a brief introduction of forest and forestry in Japan and Hokkaido, I will present recent practices and research activities at the UT Hokkaido Forest for managing conifer-hardwood mixed forests in northern Japan.
Source: Owari, T.: Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed forests at the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, northern Japan. ICAAM Seminar, University of Evora, Portugal, 13 Jul. 2012
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
Management and Research of Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan
1. Management and Research of Conifer-
Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University
of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan
Dr. Toshiaki Owari
The University of Tokyo, Japan
2. Topics
Forest and forestry in Japan
The University of Tokyo (UT) Hokkaido Forest
Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed
forests at the UT Hokkaido Forest
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T) 2
3. “Forest” and “Forestry” in Japanese?
Forest
① Ki
② Hayashi
③ Mori
Forestry
① Nōgyō
② Ringyō
③ Gyogyō
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13. Comparison of Japanese Forests
between 1952 and 2007
Year Area
(1000 ha)
Growing
stock
(mil. m3)
Growing stock
per hectare
(m3/ha)
1952 24,745 1,722.87 70
2007 25,097 4,431.74 177
Source: Forestry Agency
2012/07/13 ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
13
17. The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011
Source: Forestry Agency
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18. Topics
Forest and forestry in Japan
The University of Tokyo (UT) Hokkaido Forest
Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed
forests at the UT Hokkaido Forest
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T) 18
19. The Univ. of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest
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Located in Furano, Hokkaido
43°10´- 20´ N, 142°20´-
40´ E
Between the cool-temperate and
the sub-boreal zone
22,717 ha of forestland
Established in 1899
20. ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
Mixed forest with coniferous
and broad-leaved species
Abies sachalinensis
Picea jezoensis
Quercus crispula
Kalopanax pictus
Fraxinus mandshurica
Betura maximowicziana
Tilia japonica
The average standing
volume is 211 m3 ha-1
The cutting volume was
23,000 m3 in 2011
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The Univ. of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest
33. Topics
Forest and forestry in Japan
The University of Tokyo (UT) Hokkaido Forest
Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed
forests at the UT Hokkaido Forest
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T) 33
34. Stand-based Silvicultural Management
System…
… has been used since 1958
“Management should be adaptive to
the conditions of each stand to
maximize the multiple public and
economic functions of the forest
ecosystems (Takahashi, 2001)”
… uses a method of single-tree
selection cutting
Cutting cycle: 15 or 20 years
Rate of removals: 10–17% of the
growing stock
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Nobukiyo Takahashi
(1914–2002)
37. Spatially-explicit Classification
… serves as the basis for spatial
management planning on where
to be cut (Owari et al., 2007)
… identifies selection forests
where natural regeneration is
expectable so that selection
logging is applicable (Takahashi,
2001)
In-depth ground surveys are
essential for spatial classification
(Owari et al., 2009)
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39. 2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T) 39
The Classification Tree Model of Spatially-
explicit Classification Decisions
Source: Owari et al. (in press)
40. Tree Marking for Harvest
… is an essential technique in
single-tree selection system
(Owari et al., 2010)
… involves the careful selection of
trees for harvest according to
forest management objectives
(OMNR, 2004)
… affects the growth, quality and
regeneration of a stand
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41. Tree Marking in a Selection Forest
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Note: Dark Green: Conifer, Light Green: Broad-leaves, Red: Harvest trees
Before Harvest After Harvest
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Analysis of Tree Marking Decisions using
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis
Source: Owari et al. (2010)
43. Tree Marking with GPS
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Fig. Harvest intensity
Source: Owari et al. (2011)
44. 2
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
n=906 n=1676 n=1185 n=1409MeanTreedensity(trees/ha)
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
Fig. Change in species composition in terms of tree density
Long-term Effects of Selection System
Applications on Stand Structure
Source:
Tatsumi et al.
(2010)
44
49. Variable
This study
(5,111 ha)
Hosaka et al. (2008)*
(207 ha)
Dwarf bamboo coverage -
Overstory Abies BA + +
Slope + +
HLI: heat load index +
Elevation -
Curvature +
Solar radiation +
TWI: topographic wetness index ns
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Note: „ns‟ indicates that the variable was not selected in the final model.
Tab. Results of the GLMM analysis
Relationships between Site Conditions
and Regeneration Abundance
Source: Owari (2012)
55. Future Research Topics
Growth and yield models of conifer-hardwood mixed forests
Economic analysis of multi-aged mixed forest management
Ecosystem services of conifer-hardwood mixed forests
Promotion of natural regeneration in managed forests
Conversion from regular to irregular stand structure
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