This document provides an overview of Roman art from the 1st to 4th centuries CE. It summarizes key time periods, rulers, and notable works of art including the Arch of Titus, Colosseum, Column of Trajan, Pantheon, Hadrian's Villa, Baths of Caracalla, and works depicting emperors like Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, and Constantine. The document covers the transition from the Early Empire to the Late Empire and increasing threats during that period.

1. ROMAN art, Part II
T, R, 12-1:20PM
Professor Paige Prater

2. QUICK QUIZ
• Name these two pieces of art
• List three ways they are similar
• List three ways they are different
• Use terms discussed in class:
principles and elements of art,
culture, and/or time-period or
technique.
• Name/date your paper.

3. Place

4. Time Periods
• 509-27BCE The Republic
• 27BCE-96CE The Early Empire
• Flavians 69-96CE
• 96-192CE High Imperial Art of Trajan & Hadrian
• 192-395CE The Late Empire, Third & Fourth Centuries

5. The Flavians 69-96CE
• Military men
• Restored imperial finances
• Stabilized the frontier
• Last Flavian ruler, Domitian: terror returns
• Titus=Domitian’s deified predecessor/brother

6. Arch of Titus, 81 CE (restored1822-24)
• Commemorates Titus’ capture of Jerusalem, after fierce
suppression of Jewish revolt
• Concrete faced with marble
• 50’ base for 4-horse chariot and rider statue
• Inscription defines the monument

7. Arch of Titus

8. Arch of Titus - Spoils
from the Temple of Solomon

9. Arch of Titus – Triumphal Procession,
Titus in Chariot 6’ 8”

10. Flavian
Amphitheater
(Colosseum), 70-80CE
• Begun under Vespasian in 70CE/completed under Titus in
80CE
• “Colosseum” because originally a huge statue of Nero
called “Colossus” stood next to it
• Sports-arena: 159’ high, 280x175’ floor
• 100 days of performances at opening in 80CE
• 9,000 wild animals/2,000 gladiators died
• 76 entry doors; 50,000 spectators
• Awning over the top
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3CnkdSJ9i0

11. Colosseum

12. Colosseum (Flavian
Amphitheater) Architecture
• Attic (top)
with
Corinthian
pilasters
• 3 levels of
arcades:
Tuscan order,
Ionic order,
Corinthian
order

13. Young Flavian Woman,
90CE
• Latest court
fashion

14. Middle-aged Flavian
Woman, Late 1st century, CE
• Revival of
verism
• Recorded age

15. High Imperial Art of
Trajan and Hadrian
• Domitian – assassinated in 96CE; succeeded by Nerva (a
senator who appointed Trajan his successor)
• Trajan: born in Spain, commander of troops in Germany
• Greatest extent of the Roman empire reached
• “adopted” successors vs. genetics
• Hadrian (117-138CE): consolidated borders/ reforms
• Patronage of arts increased

16. Column of Trajan, 113-116CE or after 117.
Marble, spiral band =36”; 625’ if “unfurled”!

17. The Pantheon, 118-128CE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANWz9a09KAg

18. • Oculus
• Drum

19. Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli 130-135CE
• http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=t6npEWNrHGM
Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts, 118-128CE.
Mosaic floor, Hadrian’s Villa, 23x36”

20. Hadrian’s Wall, 2nd
century CE
• Stone/turf; 24,000 auxiliaries
• 73 mi, forts/fortified towers ea
mile

21. The Unswept Floor (mosaic
variant of 2nd century BCE painting by Soso of Pergamon). 2nd
century CE. *TESSERAE

22. Equestrian
Statue of
Marcus
Aurelius, 11’ 6”
gilded bronze, 176 CE
161-180CE ruled
Commodus (son) succeeded him

23. Commodus as Hercules,
191-192CE. Marble, 46 ½”.

24. The Late Empire, 3rd-4th
centuries, CE
• Political/economic decline
• Barbarian threats
• Army controlled the government

25. Caracalla
• 14 ½”
• Marble
• Early 3rd century, CE
• Son of Septimius Severus:
murdered his brother, Geta
in 212CE
• Murdered in 217CE
• Baths of Caracalla in 216-
217CE (50 acres)
Septimius
Severus, Julia
Domna, and their
Children,
200BCE. 14”
painted wood.

26. Baths of
Diocletian/Church
of Santa Maria Degli
Angeli
• Frigidarium converted by
Michalangelo

27. 3rd Century: Soldier Emperors -
Philip the Arab, 244-249CE, 26”
• Head of the Imperial
Guard
• Murdered his
predecessor
• Murdered after 5 years

28. Tetrarchs, 300CE

29. Audience Hall of Constantine
Chlorus (The Basilica), early 4th century

30. Constantine the Great
325-326CE 8’ 6”

31. Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine
(Basilica Nova) 306-313CE

32. Arch of
Constantine,
312-315CE

33. Priestess of Bacchus (?),
Ivory diptych, 390-401CE