this is the presentation for final year project "FABRICATION OF SOLAR WHEEL CHAIR"

1. FINAL YEAR PROJECT PRESENTATION
2015-16
FABRICATION OF SOLAR
WHEEL CHAIR BY
Pawan Kumar
Palash Awasthi
Piyush Shubham
Divyanshu Bharadwaj
Santosh kumar Jaiswal
FACULTY GUIDE:
Ms. GAGANPREET KAUR (ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)
Mr. CHETAN RAJORIA (ASTT. PROFESSOR)

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Literature survey
• Problem definition
• Objective
• Components
• Methodology
• Fabrication phases
• Specifications
• Significance
• Conclusion
• References
• Gantt chart
• Plan of work
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 2

3. INTRODUCTION
A wheelchair is a chair with wheels to help
people move around. It is used by
individuals who have impairments that
limit their ability to walk. It typically
consists of a seat supported on two large
wheels attached towards the back of the
seat and two small wheels (castors) in front
near the feet, a good braking system,
footrests and a cushion. There are often
small additional features to prevent
toppling or to assist in mounting curbs. The
user moves by pushing with his/her hands
circular bars on the outside of the large
wheels, known as the hand-rim or push
rings.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 3

4. TYPES OF WHEEL CHAIRS
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 4

5. HISTORY
• Haidar Taleb, a 47 year old man from UAE, displayed a rare combination
of human spirit and willpower by building a wheel chair for himself
which runs on solar power.
• A solar-powered prototype of a wheelchair with retractable solar panels
was the winner of the Change My World in One Minute organized by
the 2012 World Cerebral Palsy Day.
• This project was conceived by a student from the University of Virginia
School of Engineering.
• For its winning contribution, the team was awarded the grand prize of
$20,000.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 5

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
05/01/16 ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 6
Name of research paper Author name and date of
publish
Work
Designing Solar Three-
Wheeler for Disable People
Md. Shahidul Islam, Zaheed
Bin Rahman, Nafis Ahmad,
January-2012
Develop a wheelchair with
a user-selectable
manual/electric propulsion
mode and an auxiliary solar
power supply system.
Solar Powered Wheel Chair:
Mobility For Physically
Challenged
Arun Manohar Gurrama ,
P.S.V Ramana Raoa,
Raghuveer Dontikurtia,
March 2012
To fabricate a Solar-
powered wheel chair at an
optimal cost which can be
utilized in both indoor and
outdoor environments.
Powered Wheelchairs Arvind Prasad, Snehal Shah,
PriyankaRuparelia,
AshishSawant,
11, NOVEMBER 2013
Report on the efficiency
and durability of batteries
and solar panels

7. CONTINUED…..
Name of research paper Author name and date of
publish
Work
Wheelchair for Physically
and Mentally Disabled
Persons
Nirmal T M , April - June
2014
Control using voice, eye and
joystick. And it monitors the
room conditions like
temperature, humidity, fire
Design and development of
solar power-assisted
manual/electric wheelchair
Chi-Sheng Chien, MD, Tung-
Yung Huang, PhD; Tze-Yuan
Liao, PhD Department of
Ortho , Number 9, 2014
Proposes a new improved
design of a solar powered
three-wheeler
Electrical wheel chair with
retractable solar panels
Nida Riaz; Dept. of Electr.
Eng., Air Univ., Islamabad,
Pakistan ; Junaid Bin Aamir,
26 Nov. 2014
highlights the importance of
non conventional energy
source i.e. solar energy and
uses it for the advancement
of wheelchair technology
Developing Intelligent
Wheelchairs for the
Handicapped
Takashi Gomi and Ann
Griffith
development of intelligent
autonomous wheelchairs
05/01/16 ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 7

8. PROBLEM DEFINITION
• To fabricate a solar wheel chair with an optimal cost so that it can be
reached to persons with physical disabilities to make their life easy
and productive.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 8

9. OBJECTIVE
• Our motive is to provide them independent mobility for that they need
a wheelchair which can be easily provided to them and it should be not
expensive and also it should be based on the clean resources of energy
for recharging. Our another motive is to make handicapped persons
productive for their own growth and also for nation it will enhance
feeling of self -esteem among the community. It will provide them
respect from others. And finally they can live a Normal life.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 9

10. COMPONENTS OF SOLAR WHEEL-CHAIR
• SOLAR PANEL- refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays
as a source of energy for generating electricity or heating.
A photovoltaic (in short PV) module is a packaged, connected
assembly of typically 6×10 solar cells. Solar Photovoltaic panels
constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic system that generates
and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential
applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under
standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 365
watts.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 10

11. CONTINUED…….
• CHARGER- One of the problems with solar power is that the
output of the solar panel is variable. These solar charge
controllers are designed to extract the maximum amount of
power available from the solar panels and deposit it in the
battery. Solar PV charge controllers take the uncertain
voltage from a solar panel and condition it to safely charge
lead acid batteries. These solar PV charge controllers energy
harvesting, and a three-stage charging method, bulk,
absorption, and float (maintenance) charge, but due to the
nature of solar panels these are different in nature than a
typical AC driven charger. They pulse charge the battery.
During the pulse the solar panel is virtually short-circuited to
extract the maximum power from the panel and also to allow
the panel to work more efficiently. These solar charge
controllers also protect your panels from discharging through
the batteries after the sun goes down. Solar charge
controllers are necessary to protect your PV battery
investment.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 11

12. CONTINUED….
• LEAD ACID BATTERY-Lead acid batteries are one of the most popular
types of battery in electronics. Although slightly lower in energy density
than lithium metal, lead acid is safe, provided certain precautions are
met when charging and discharging. This have a many advantages over
other conventional types of batteries, the lead acid battery is the
optimum choice for a solar assisted cycle. Current supplied from battery
indicates the flow of energy from the battery and is measured in
amperes (or Amps) . The higher the current flow faster the battery will
discharge. A battery is rated in ampere-hours (abbreviated Ah) and this
is called the battery capacity. This project revolves around supplying and
utilizing energy within a high voltage battery. It demands for a battery
with longer running hours, lighter weight with respect to its high output
voltage and higher energy density.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 12

13. CONTINUED….
• DC MOTOR- The Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is used as the drive motor
for the vehicle. It is a permanent magnet square wave motor. BLDC
motor uses feedback directly of the rotor angular position so that the
input armature current can be switched among the motor phases in
exact synchronization with the rotor motion.
• WHEELS- A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wire wheel,
designed for a bicycle. : a steel hub, a fixed steel axle (the bearings were
located in the fork ends), aluminium spokes and a shrink fitted iron rim
A typical modern wheel has a metal hub, wire tension spokes and a
metal or carbon fibre rim which holds a pneumatic rubber tire.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 13

14. CONTINUED……
• CASTOR - castor is an un-driven, single, double, or compound wheel that
is designed to be mounted at the bottom of a larger object (the
"vehicle") to enable the object to be easily moved. They are available in
various sizes, and are commonly made of rubber, plastic, nylon,
aluminium, or stainless steel. Casters are found in numerous
applications, including shopping carts, office chairs, and material
handling equipment. High capacity, heavy duty casters are used in many
industrial applications, such as platform trucks, carts, assemblies, and
towlines in plants. Generally, casters operate well on smooth and flat
surfaces. The diameter of the caster used is 15cm and thickness is 3.5
cm.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 14

15. METHODOLOGY
The methodology or working of solar wheel chair can be understood
easily by a flow chart. The working is nothing but simply the conversion
of solar energy into mechanical energy followed by many intermediate
conversions which are shown below-
• Sun –it provide solar energy that will fall on solar panel.
• Solar panel- it will absorb solar energy and convert it into electrical energy by p-n
junction.
• Charge controller or charger- it will remove the variation in solar energy and
store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy in the battery.
• Battery- it will store energy in chemical form and again convert into electrical
form.
• Motor-it will convert electrical energy into mechanical (rotational) form and
make the wehicle run.
• Wheels –they will rotate with the axle which is driven by chain gear arrangement
and cover distance.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 15

16. CONTINUED….
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 16

17. CALCULATIONS
Taking Max.Speed of wheel chair as = 30 km/hr
RPM of shaft wheel(let say N) = 30*1000 = 3.14X 0.40XN
60*60 60
RPM = 398.8 = 400(approx.)
(weight of system-40kg weight of person-80kg)
Weight(on each wheel) = 60X9.81 = 588.6N
Torque = force *radius(1.5cm)
Torque = 588.6X1.5X10 -2 =8.82Nm˄
power = 2*3.14*N*T/60
Power = 2*3.14*400*8.82=
369.26watt
60
= 0.5 Hp (approx)
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 17

18. CONTINUED…
Energy of Battery = 960 Whr
Time of Charging = 960 = 2.60 Hrs
370
Distance Travelled = 2.60*30 = 77.8 km.
Solar Panel Calculation
Total voltage of solar panel = 18 volts
Amperage of it = 5.5 to 6 Amp.
Power of Panel = V*I= 18 x 5.5 = 99 Watt
= 100(Approx.)
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 18

19. MARKET SURVEY
Shop Name /Address Material purchased Cost
Bharat cycle shop , ghanta ghar Axle,hub,wheels
,bearings,brake
2350
Mohan engg.works,shaberi village cutter,welding
rods,wires& switch
600
Aggrawal traders shaberi village Nut-bolts and paint 600
Hind sanitary works,ramteram road G.I.pipes 1000
Castor wheel shop ,delhi gate Castors 500
Automobile parts shop,shaberi village Chain,sprocket,gear 1000
others …… 1500
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 19

20. FABRICATION PHASES
• STEP 1– Frame Preparation
• STEP 2– Installation of front and rear wheels.
• STEP 3– Steering Mechanism
• STEP 4– Braking Mechanism
• STEP 5– Installation of Motor and Battery
• STEP 6– Mounting of Solar panel at head of wheel chair.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 20

21. FRAME PREPARATION
05/01/16 21
• Structure Raw Material below sheet-
Steel members with at least equal bending stiffness and bending
strength to 1018 steel having a circular cross section with a 2.5 cm
(1 inch) outer diameter and a wall thickness of 3.05 mm (.120 inch)
reason behind selection is high strength to weight ratio(55-60kN-
m/kg) ,high tensile strength (470 MPa UTS,400 Mpa yield strength)at
low cost.
• Structure material above sheet –
GI pipes with outer diameter 1.75 cm (0.5 inch) with thickness of 2 mm
(.08 inch) reason of selection is low weight per meter(.947 kg/meter).
• And steel plates of different cross-sections.
• Total Height of vehicle- 155 cm
• For seat :- 40X45 (cm) and in height- 52 cm
• Total weight of the system-40 kg
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032)

22. STEERING MECHANISM
05/01/16 22ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032)

23. CONTINUED…
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 23

24. BRAKING SYSTEM
• A Disc brake is a type of brake that uses calipers to squeeze pair of pads
against a disc in order to create friction that retards the rotation of
shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or hold
it stationary.
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 24

25. WHY WE USED IT?
• Disc brakes can generate and transfer greater amount of heat to the
atmosphere; because most of the friction area of a rotor is exposed to
air, cooling is far more rapid than for a drum brake.
• The faster cooling makes them better suited for high performance
driving and reduces the likelihood of brake fade.
• Because of their shape, rotors tend to scrape off water more efficiently.
• Due to their design, disc brakes are self-adjusting and do not need
periodic maintenance.
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 25

26. MOTOR INSTALLATION
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 26

27. SPECIFICATIONS
• Size: 65x45x155
• Steering/Drive system: Handle Bar
• Height: 150cm
• Weight with battery: 30-40 kg Seat: Cushioned
• Speed: 20-30 km per hour Braking system: disc brake
• Distance per charge: 77.8km
• Maximum load/weight capacity: 80 kg
• Tire size: (40 x 5) cm
• Solar Panel: 100Watts(16.2 V, 6 amps)
• Batteries: lead acid battery, 12 V- 80 A-hr.
• Motor: 0.5 HP(DC)
• Charge controller: Solar based (MPPT type).
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 27

28. SIGNIFICANCE
• According to WHO (World Health Organization) a wheelchair is
appropriate when it-
• Meets the user’s needs and environmental conditions;
• Provides proper fit and postural support;
• Is safe and durable;
• Is available in the country; and
• Can be obtained, maintained and services sustained in the country at an
affordable price.
Our project is fulfilling all the decided norms by the WHO being
environment friendly ,safe, less expensive and easily available.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 28

29. CONCLUSION
• The vehicle which we are introducing by doing this project will be help
full for many of the people who are disabled mentally as well as
physically can make use of this vehicle without the requirement of
relying up on any external aid. So this is a multifunctional medicinal aid
focusing on the improvement and self-reliability of multiple disabled
people. Modifications made in the prevailing equipment meant for the
disabled ones will be of great use in upcoming time. And we were able
to apply our theoretical knowledge into practice. All data provided are
precise to the best of our ability .
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 29

30. COST ESTIMATION
1. Big Wheel - 1000
2. Small Wheel (caster) - - 500
3. Shaft with Hub alignment - 700
4. Pipes - 1000 and also provided by
college
5. Motor - provided by college
6. Sprocket And Chain - 1000
7. Electrical Wiring - 200
8. Paint - 600
9. Miscellaneous - 1000
Total - 8000 (appox.)
Battery is also provided by college ,panel and charger taken from
jyotishmaan team.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 30

31. REFERENCES
• Arun Manohar Gurram, P.S.V Ramana Rao, Raghuveer Dontikurti
“SOLAR POWERED WHEEL CHAIR: MOBILITY FOR PHYSICALLY
CHALLENGED” International Journal of Current Engineering and
Technology Volume 2, No.1 (March 2012) .
• Arvind Prasad, Snehal Shah, Priyanka Ruparelia, Ashish Sawant
“Powered Wheelchair” published in “International Journal Of Scientific
& Technology Research “ in which various attachment of braking and
steering mechanism was studied.
• Immanuel Alphonse, Dr. S. HosiminThilagar, F. Bright Singh. “DESIGN OF
SOLAR POWERED BLDC MOTOR DRIVEN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
“International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research Volume 2, No.3
Received: 05.06.2012 Accepted:01.07.2012
• Md. Shahidul Islam, Zaheed Bin Rahman, Nafis Ahmad “Designing Solar
Three-Wheeler for Disable People” published in “International Journal
of Scientific & Engineering Research”.
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 31

32. CONTINUED…..
• Shuh Jing Ying, Stephen Sundarrao . “POWER ASSIST HAND TRICYCLE
WITH BATTERY FOR DISABLED PERSONS” International Journal of
Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science Volume 02, Issue No.
06, June 2014.
• Solar Electirc Powered Wheelchair publish in India Educators'
Conference (TIIEC), 2013 Texas Instruments. In which size of solar panel
was studied in it
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 32

33. GANTT CHART FOR PROJECT COMPLETION
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 33

34. S. No. PLAN DETAILS DEADLINE
1. Literature Review 02/10/2015
2. Synopsis Preparation 09/10/2015
3. Presentation 1 & 2 17/10/2015
4. Design 15/02/2016
5. Purchase Of Raw Material Up to fabrication completion
6. Starting Of Fabrication 01/03/2016
7. Completion Of Fabrication 15/04/2016
8. Testing And Modifications (if
required)
22/04/2016
9. Project Report completion 06/05/2016
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 34
PLAN OF WORK

35. THANK YOU
05/01/16
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad(032) 35