1.
Industry
Stakeholders

2.
Stakeholders
Stakeholders refer to
the parties who hold a
stake or interest in the
particular project or
industry.
The stakeholders in the
events industry can be
classified into four
major categories:
The professional
congress/event
managers (PCO)
The community
The service suppliers
Government offices and
regulatory bodies

3.
Stakeholders
Community PCO
Regulatory
Bodies
Suppliers
External Forces of Nature and Global Economy

4.
Stakeholders
Notice that the PCO has equivalent friction
with the community, regulatory bodies,
and suppliers; so do the regulatory bodies
with PCOs, suppliers, and the community.
There is, however minimal contact
between the community and suppliers
within the context of events, as suppliers
pass through the PCOs to reach the
community.
The event is likewise affected by external
factors, such as forces of nature, natural
calamities, terrorism, global economic
downturn/upturn, and political events,
among others.

5.
The Event
Manager/Professional
Congress Organizer
(PCO)
There are 2 types of Event
Managers:
Outsourced Event Managers
In-house Event Managers

6.
The Event Manager/Professional
Congress Organizer (PCO)
Outsourced Event Managers – event management
companies or individuals (also known as PCOs) that
organize events on a per contract basis on behalf of their
clients.
PCOs are independent event managers, professionally
knowledgeable in their own fields of specialization who
bring the know-how, coupled with a database of contacts
needed in various stages of event organizing.
They are entrepreneurs.

7.
The Event
Manager/Professional
Congress Organizer
(PCO)
In-house Event Managers – positions or
departments within an organization that
is not into the business of event
management but requires its own group
of event managers or coordinators due to
the volume of special events that the
company has, such as executive
meetings, strategic planning, team
building, trainings, incentive events for
the sales team, and product launches.
In-house event managers may either be
employed by corporations or
associations.
Examples: hotel’s banquet managers,
marketing department of an
company

8.
The Community
The community represents
both the target market and
the people living in and
around the event
destination.
Residents and events
destinations receive the
impact of event activities,
both positive and negative.
They enjoy the resulting
economic benefits, job
opportunities, and
infrastructure
developments, but also
suffer from environmental
and other possible
exploitive impacts too.

9.
The
Community
The target market includes
exhibitors, visitors, sponsors, and
other attendees of the event.
They bring in revenues for any profit-
oriented event.
They are those whom the organizers
attract and try to satisfy.
They are the raison d'être or the
main reason for organizing the
event.

10.
Community -
Associations
 Associations fall under
the second major
stakeholder category or
the community, because
associations hold a
number of events and
thus, form a major part
of the target market.
 An association is a
group of individuals
or organizations who
formed themselves
formally to uphold a
common interest.

11.
Community - Associations
• There are two types of associations:
• Trade associations – non-profit organizations whose aim is to
meet the needs of for-profit business. Example – Philippine
Association of Convention/Exhibition Organizers and
Suppliers, Inc. (PACEOS)
• Professional associations – non-profit organizations that
are not involved with business firms... Organized to assist
individuals in the pursuit of their common goals. There are
three types:
• The first is one that is bound by common personal
interests (UP Mountaineers Club, UP Anime Manga
Enthusiasts)
• The second type is bound by their career (Philippine
Nurses Association)
• The third type is bound to do community service
(Association of Foundations)

12.
Suppliers
Suppliers refer to those who provide
the services necessary to organize
and execute events properly.

13.
Suppliers
• Venues
• Hotels
• Food and Beverage Suppliers/Caterers
• Airlines
• Airports
• Ground Transportation (Car Rental, Bus or Coach Service)
• Ground Handlers (Travel Agencies, Tour Operators, Spouse Programs)
• Freight Forwarders
• Audiovisual/Meeting Technology Suppliers
• Security
• Manpower Agencies
• Photography, Documentation, and Transcription Services
• Advertising agencies, PR companies, printers, providers of corporate
premiums, and other promotional materials

14.
Venues
Venues are facilities
where events are held.
Venues may be free-
standing or attached to
other facilities, like
ballroom or event
spaces located within
shopping malls.

15.
Hotels
Hotels provide guests a
comfortable place to
sleep in and other
services in which the
guests will need during
their stay.
Additionally, hotels play
an important role in
events as they provide
not only
accommodations but
also meeting rooms or
spaces for events.

16.
Food and
Beverage
Suppliers
 A restaurant is an
establishment that
provides meals to the
public for a fee.
 A caterer provides
the same service
except that the
service may be
outside the
restaurant premises.
 The taste, service, and cost
are major considerations in
choosing the F&B supplier
for an event.

17.
Airlines
Airlines play an
important role in
transporting people
and goods essential to
make the events
industry tick,
especially for
international events.
The number of seats
going to and from a
destination contributes
to the viability to
compete as an event
destination.

18.
Airports
 First impressions last.
 Airports have the
responsibility of making a
good first impression for
international participants.
 Airports are doors into a
country and provide
visitors with the first taste
of the country’s culture.
 Welcome traditions can also
be done at airports such as
sampaguita leis, rondalla, or
welcome dances.

19.
Transportation
Suppliers
Movement of goods and people are an
integral part of events, hence providers
of transportation services are important
suppliers as well.
Cruise liner
Train
Tour bus/coach
Ferry/local water based transport
Car rentals
Manually operated vehicles
Others – unique modes of
transportation

20.
Ground
handlers
Ground handlers are
travel agencies and tour
operators which assist
event organizers for the
tours and travel
arrangements for event
participants.

21.
Freight
Forwarders
Freight forwarders’ main role in events is
to bring goods for the exhibit or for use
in a conference from their point of origin
to the event venue in good condition and
in time for the event.

22.
Booth
Contractors
Exhibition contractors supply
necessary materials for the
exhibit booth – panels and
octanorms or the metal frame
needed to put up the booth for
the exhibitors.

23.
Meeting
Technology
Suppliers
Online Registration Technology
Video Conferencing
Online Social Networks
Podcasts
Cash-less Payments

24.
Security
Event venues have their own safety measures
installed and their own security personnel.
However, it is advisable to contract the services
of a security company to provide additional
event security guards.
Security is one of the important factors
considered by organizers when choosing a
venue and planning for an event.

25.
Manpower
Agencies
Additional manpower may be required for
an event such as registration staff,
marshals/ushers, telemarketers, encoders,
interpreters/translators; extra waiters,
messengers, and janitorial staff.
These positions may not necessarily be
permanent but still are needed; thus, the
organizer may employ or contract such
additional services temporarily.
On-the-job trainees (OJTs) form
universities are sometimes tapped to
perform these duties.

26.
Procurement
Procurement is the jargon for
“purchasing” something form a
supplier.
You can do this through shopping or
“bidding.” Bidding is a process
wherein you announce the details of
what you need, which can either be
goods or services, and interested
suppliers will give you an offer.
Usually the cheapest offer is
accepted, as long as it satisfies the
specifications indicated in your
announcement.

27.
Industry
Regulators
Some associations regulate the staging
of events in order to maintain certain
standards. They do studies and train
their members to improve the service
that the members deliver.
Examples: Union de Faire
Internationales (UFI), Bureau of
International Expositions (BIE),
Convention and Visitor Bureaus (CVB),
Philippine Tourism Promotions Board
(TPB)

28.
Government’s
Role in the
Events
Industry
 Development of needed infrastructure,
particularly relating to access
 Peace and order
 Creation of policies and incentives
 Destination management services