Study about macro-economic factors of Turkey.

1. TURKEY
ARegionalEnergyHub
By PARAS VERMA
ADBF-17

2. 19th-largest nominal GDP
and 13th-largest GDP by
PPP
Republican parliamentary
democracy supporting a
mixed economy
Foreign reserves
of $104.8 billion
Newly
industrialized
countries
Developed
country

3. Manufacturingsector
84%
FMCG
16%
METALS
11%
AUTOMOBILE
9%
TEXTILE
8% MINERAL
6%
RUBBER
5%
CHEMICAL
5%
ELECTRICAL
5%
APPAREL
5%
OTHERS
5%

4. Rank Nation Urban Population(%) Date Urbanization Rate (%) Period
56 Turkey 76.1 2020 2.04 2015-20
Out of 195 countries
Turkey Population
84,339,067
Yearly Change
+ 1.09%
Literacy
Total population:
96.2%
Male: 98.8%
Female: 93.6%
Mortality
Birth rate: 15.4
births/1,000
Death rate: 6
deaths/1,000
Poverty
9.20
Average Monthly
Salary
Low: 1,980try
Average: 7,830try
High: 35,000try
HDI
0.806
Unemployment
12.90%

5. URBAN POPULATION IN TOTAL POPULATION
13 Million units Motorization rise 40%

6. 0
20
40
60
80
100
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TAX BURDEN
0
20
40
60
80
100
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
BUSINESS FREEDOM
0
20
40
60
80
100
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TRADE FREEDOM
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
GOVERNMENT INTEGRITY

7. ECONOMIC FREEDOM STATUS
MODERATELY FREE
The top personal income tax rate is 35 percent, and the top corporate tax rate is 22 percent. Other taxes include
value-added and environment taxes. The overall tax burden equals 24.9 percent of total domestic income
The average applied tariff rate is 3.5 percent, and 335 nontariff measures are in force. Foreign investment is welcome,
but restrictions remain in effect in a number of sectors. Investors face lingering bureaucracy in the regulatory
environment
The financial system is evolving toward greater transparency and competitiveness.

8. Turkey Exports By Category Value Percentage share
Vehicles other than railway, tramway $26.76B 16%
Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers $15.83B 9.4%
Iron and steel $11.58B 6.9%
Articles of apparel, knit or crocheted $9.05B 5.4%
Electrical, electronic equipment $8.73B 5.2%
Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins $7.17B 4.3%
Articles of iron or steel $6.55B 3.9%
Articles of apparel, not knit or crocheted $6.27B 3.7%
Plastics $6.05B 3.6%
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products $4.42B 2.6%
Edible fruits, nuts, peel of citrus fruit, melons $3.96B 2.4%
Turkey Exports By Country Value Percentage share
Germany $16.14B 9.8%
United Kingdom $11.11B 6.7%
Italy $9.57B 5.8%
Iraq $8.35B 5.0%
United States $8.31B 5.0%
Spain $7.71B 4.7%
France $7.30B 4.4%

9. Turkey Imports By Category Value Percentage share
Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products $43.00B 19%
Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers $25.77B 12%
Iron and steel $18.40B 8.3%
Electrical, electronic equipment $16.57B 7.4%
Vehicles other than railway, tramway $13.90B 6.2%
Plastics $12.94B 5.8%
Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins $12.56B 5.6%
Organic chemicals $5.97B 2.7%
Optical, photo, technical, medical apparatus $4.68B 2.1%
Turkey Imports By Country Value Percentage share
Russia $21.99B 11%
China $20.72B 9.9%
Germany $20.41B 9.8%
United States $12.38B 5.9%
Italy $10.15B 4.9%
India $7.54B 3.6%
United Kingdom $7.45B 3.6%

10. The total value of exports and imports of goods and services equals 60.4 percent of GDP.
The Turkish trade balance has been in deficit since 1947. In 2017 the trade gap
widened 36.8 percent from the previous year, as imports jumped 17.7 percent.
$234.2 billion
$180.2 billion

11. 0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
INFLATION RATE
TECHNIQUES

12. Floating exchange rate regime SINCE 2001
1 Turkish lira = 10.92 Indian Rupee
1 Turkish lira = 0.15 United States Dollar
1)Monetary and fiscal policies
2)Economic infrastructure
3)International developments
4)Expectations.
Short fall due to improper
regulation in fiscal policy
Targeting inflation and not the
exchange rate alone
Central stable management in
both budget realizations and
financial stability.
Supporting exports and minimizing
imports + KGF to regulate financial
and real sector in-line with market
conditions

13. Standard & Poor's credit rating for Turkey stands at B+ with stable outlook.
Moody's credit rating for Turkey was last set at B1 with negative outlook.
Fitch's credit rating for Turkey was last reported at BB- with stable outlook.
DBRS's credit rating for Turkey is BB (high) with negative outlook.
Non-investment grade speculative
TURKEY

14. Banking and insurance supervision and regulation has been strengthened, but
material gaps remain in implementation, including in supervision of key risks and
consolidated supervision for banks, and the transparency of insurance supervision.
Turkey tells banks to write off $8 billion in bad loans which will reduce the bad debts
to almost 20% to boost up the economy

15. Turkey recorded a government budget deficit of 23,49,197USD in 2020.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
GOVERNMENT SPENDING
FDI INFLOW: $12.9 billion
PUBLIC DEBT: 29.1% of GDP

16. THANK YOU!