Relative clauses are used to provide additional information about a person or thing without starting a new sentence. They make text more fluent by avoiding repetition. There are different relative pronouns like who, which, when, where that refer to people, objects, time, place, and possession. Defining relative clauses give essential information and are not set off by commas, while non-defining clauses provide extra information and are set off by commas.

1. Relativeclauses 1st Batxillerat by Pilar Garcia

2. USES We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words. “A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?” “Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?”

3. RELATIVE PRONOUS WHO / THAT: refertopeople “I told you about the woman who lives next door.” WHICH / THAT: refertoobjectsoranimals “Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?” WHEN: refersto a moment in time “the day when we met him” WHERE: refersto a moment in time “the place where we met him” WHOSE: referstopossession “Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?”

4. WHOM: can beusedwith a prepositionbeforeitbut it is formal and rather old-fashioned. It is used especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who) “I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.” WHY: refers to a reason. “the reason why we met him”

5. Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? Omission of the pronoun subject pronoun: the relative pronoun is followed by a verb. (it cannot be omitted) “the apple whichis lying on the table ” subject object pronoun: the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb, but by a noun or pronoun. (it can be omitted) “the apple (which)Georgelaid on the table ” objectsubject

6. TYPES DEFINING NON-DEFINING

7. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES They give detailed and essential information for the understanding of the sentence. They are not put in commas. “Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?” “A seaman is someone who works on a ship.” “The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice”

8. Non-definingrelativesentences They give additional information on something, but do not define it. They are put in commas. You cannot omit the relative pronoun. The relative pronoun “that” cannot be used. “Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.”