The mating or crossing of two plants or lines of dissimilar genotype is known as hybridization. The chief objective of hybridization is to create genetic variation, when two genotypically different plants are brought together in F1. Here, we are going to discuss about different strategies and tools used for hybridization.

1. Dr. Pavan J Kundur,
M.Sc., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor
Department of Biotechnology
P C Jabin Science College, Hubballi, Karnataka,
India

2. INTRODUCTION TO HYBRIDISATION
 Hybridization is the process of interbreeding between individuals
of different species (interspecific hybridization) or
 Genetically divergent individuals from the same species
(intraspecific hybridization).
 One of the first persons to study plant hybridization was Josef
Kölrueter, who published the results of his experiments on
tobacco in 1760.
 He concluded that interspecific hybridization in nature is rare
unless humans disturb the habitat.

3. EMASCULATION:
• Removal of anthers from bisexual
flowers before they shed their
pollen is known as emasculation.
• It is done in order to prevent self
fertilisation.
• Emasculation is not necessary in the
parents are monoecious.
PROCESS OF HYBRIDISATION

4.  BAGGING:
After emasculation,
flower buds are kept
enclose in bags made up
of cloth, plastic or
polythene etc. It is done
to prevent pollination
through unknown
pollen.

5.  TAGGING:
The female parents are then labelled properly. The labelling should bear
the following information.
Serial number
Details of male parents and female parents.
Date of emasculation and crossing

6. TECHNIQUES OF HYBRIDISATION
 Intervarietal Hybridisation –
 In this type of hybridization, two parents from the same species (may be from two varieties,
strains or races of the same species) are crossed.

7.  Single Cross Hybrids - Results from the cross between two pure bred lines and
produces an F1 generation called an F1hybrid.
 A hybrid plant results from a cross of two genetically different plants.
 The two parents of a single-cross hybrid, which is also known as a F1 hybrid,
are inbreeds.
 Double Cross Hybrids - Result from the cross between
two different F1 hybrids.
 Production of Double Cross Hybrids: ... Crossing between
two single cross hybrids is called double cross, which also
involves four different inbred lines.
 For example, if A, B, C, D represent 4 inbred lines, one of
the possible double crosses will be the crossing between
two single crosses, A x B and C x D.

8.  Three-way Cross Hybrids - Result from
the cross between one parent that is an F1
hybrid and the other is from an inbred
line.
 Three-way hybrid seed is produced on
single-cross plants so that yield and
quality may be equal, or nearly so, to
double-cross hybrid seed. Three way
crosses are more variable than single-
crosses and less variable than double-
crosses

9.  Triple Cross Hybrids - Result from the crossing
of two different three-way cross hybrids.
 A triple-cross method is described as an alternative to the
double-cross method for the production in kale of 100 per
cent hybrid seed.
 This new method would reduce the labour involved and
improve yields in the early stages of seed multiplication.
 These advantages would justify slightly lower yields of
forage from triple-cross hybrids than from double-crosses.

10.  Distant Hybridisation (Population hybrids)
 Distant Hybridisation includes:
 Intergeneric hybridization – crossing between parents
from the two different genera
 Interspecific hybridization – crossing between
parents from two different species

11.  Top Cross Hybrids- Cross between inbred line and OPV.
open-pollinated varieties

12. EXAMPLES OF HYBRIDISATION
 Fatshedera lizei is a hybrid between Hedera helix [ivy] and Fatsia japonica
[fatsi or paperplant]

15. The US 88 is only sold in the Philippines.
It’s one of the good varieties for eating quality
with intermediate amylase.
The texture is like IR 64, the premium inbred
check variety for grain quality,” he said.
Dr. Jagadeesha Gouda, Seedworks- India senior
plant breeder, said a BLB resistant variety is
being developed by Seedworks in its facility at
the International Crops Research Institute for
the Semi Arid Tropics or ICRISAT based in
Hyderabad, India.

17. Thank You