1. Internet of Things: The story so far
1
Payam Barnaghi
Centre for Communication Systems Research (CCSR)
Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
University of Surrey
Guildford, United Kingdom
Conference on Rolling Plan on ICT Standardisation, March 2014, Bruxelles

2. 2
Network connected Things and Devices
Image courtesy: CISCO

3. 3
Sensor devices are becoming widely available
- Programmable devices
- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools

4. 4
More “Things” are being connected
Home/daily-life devices
Business and
Public infrastructure
Health-care
…

5. 5
Internet of Things (IoT)
− Extending the current Internet and providing connection,
communication, and inter-networking between devices
and physical objects, or "Things," is a growing trend that
is often referred to as the Internet of Things.
− “The technologies and solutions that enable integration
of real world data and services into the current
information networking technologies are often described
under the umbrella term of the Internet of Things (IoT)”

6. 1G
AMPS, NMT,
TACS
2G
GSM. GPRS,
TDMA IS-136,
CDMA IS-95, PDC
3G
UMTS, CDMA2000,
4G
5G
LTE, LTE-A
People
Things
Voice
Text
Data
5G technologies
and standards
Connection + Control M2M/IoT
Change in Communication
Technologies

7. The Internet of Things
Things
Devices
Communication
Cloud Infrastructure
Services/Interfaces
Applications

8. Some of the issues…
Devices
Communication
Cloud Infrastructure
Services/Interfaces
Applications
Things
Describing the Things, Observation and
Measurement and interaction attributes,
…
Various hardware/software platforms,
heterogeneity of communication
technologies, energy/resource
constraints , …
Heterogeneity of underlying devices,
QoS, different data patterns and
requirements (bandwidth and delay
measure are not sufficient), …
Back-end service, middleware/gateway
solutions, discovery, access, directory
services, security, access control,
accounting, ….
Interface definition, identification,
pub/sub, semantics, query, composition,
process management, command and
control, ….
Heterogeneity, domain knowledge, re-
usability, flexibility, maintainability,
reliability, efficiency and scalability , ….
Semantic
Interoperability
Scalability
Security/Privacy
/Trust
Energy-efficiency
Reliability
Heterogeneity
Self-organisation
Real-time
processing

9. Internet of Things
RFID oriented WSAN oriented,
Distributed WANs,
Communication
technologies, energy
efficiency, routing, …
Smart Devices/
Web-enabled
Apps/Services, initial
products,
vertical applications,
concepts and demos, …
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
ECG sensor
Physical-Cyber-Social
Data, Linked-data,
semantics, M2M,
More products, more
heterogeneity,
control and monitoring, …
Future: Cloud, Big (IoT) Data
Analytics, Interoperability,
Enhanced Cellular/Wireless Com.
for IoT, Real-world operational
use-cases and commercial
services/applications,
more Standards…

10. Data analytics
10
Data:
DataData
Domain
Knowledge
Domain
Knowledge
Social
systems
Social
systems
InteractionsInteractionsOpen
Interfaces
Open
Interfaces
Ambient
Intelligence
Ambient
IntelligenceQuality and
Trust
Quality and
Trust
Privacy and
Security
Privacy and
Security
Open DataOpen Data

11. Emerging/existing standards
− ETSI M2M, OneM2M (architecture, gateway, …)
(more at:http://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/m2m)
− IETF CoAp, 6LowPAN,…
(more at: http://tools.ietf.org/wg/core/)
− IEEE 802.15.x, IEEE P802.x, …
(more at: http://standards.ieee.org/innovate/iot/projects.html)
− OMA/NGSI (interfaces, context description,…)
(more at: http://forge.fiware.org/plugins/mediawiki/wiki/fiware/index.php/
OMA_NGSI_10)
− W3C (semantic sensor networks, SSN Ontology …)
(more at: http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/)

12. 12
W3C SSN Ontology
Ontology Link: http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/ssnx/ssn
M. Compton et al, "The SSN Ontology of the W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group", Journal of Web Semantics, 2012.

13. 13
Challenges and opportunities
− Providing infrastructure
− Publishing, sharing, and access solutions on a global scale
− Heterogeneity and interoperability at different layers
− Indexing, query and discovery (data and resources)
− Aggregation, integration and fusion
− Trust, privacy and security
− Data analytics and creating actionable knowledge
− Integration into services and applications in e-health, the public
sector, retail, manufacturing and personalised apps.
− Mobile apps, location-based services, monitoring control etc.
− New business models

14. Q&A
− Thank you.
− EU FP7 CityPulse Project:
http://www.ict-citypulse.eu/
@ictcitypulse
p.barnaghi@surrey.ac.uk