If You Handle Chemicals What You Need To Know.pptx

What You Need To Know If You Handle Chemicals
•Hazard Communication Pictogram
•Safety Data Sheets
•Toxicity vs. Hazard LC 50 & LD 50
•Toxicity Categories
•Signal Words
•Secondary Containers & Service Containers
•Triple Rinsing
•Storing Pesticides & Disposal
•Labels & How to Understand Them

Hazard
Communication
Standard
• Labeling
• How will labels change under the
revised Hazard Communication
Standard?
• Under the revised HCS, once the
hazard classification is completed, the
standard specifies what information is
to be provided for each hazard class
and category. Labels will require the
following elements:

Hazard Communication Standard
• Signal words: a signal word on the label used to indicate the
relative level of severity of a hazard and alert the reader to a
potential hazard. The signal words used are "Danger" for the more
severe hazards, while "Warning" is used for less severe hazards.

• Hazard Statement: a statement assigned to a hazard class and
category that describes the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical,
including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard. (Example:
Highly flammable liquid and vapor.)

• Precautionary Statement: a phrase that describes recommended
measures to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting
from exposure to a hazardous chemical. This may also include proper
storage or handling of a hazardous chemical, and first aid
instructions.
• Chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors must label
containers of hazardous chemicals with the identity of the chemical,
appropriate hazard warnings, and the name and address of the
manufacturer or other responsible party.

Will existing containers of chemicals need to be relabeled with the
current GHS based labeling requirements?
OSHA will require that all containers in workplaces be labeled in accordance with
the revised standard by June 1, 2016. Any containers shipped after June 1, 2015
from a chemical manufacturer or importer will have a new GHS-style label.
Distributors have an additional six months, until Dec. 1, 2015, to ensure that all
shipped containers are properly labeled.
Employers then have until June 1, 2016, to comply with the labeling
requirements, update their HazCom written plans; and provide any
additional employee training for newly identified physical or health
hazards.
In the final rule OSHA states: "The phase-in period for the revisions to the HCS
provides adequate time for firms to deplete products in inventory that are not
labeled with GHS-compliant labels and to replace workplace containers or
signs/permanent labels (such as regulated area signs) in the course of the normal
cycle for wear-and-tear replacement."

Does OSHA require portable containers to be
labeled?
• OSHA did not modify its previous exemption under the Hazard
Communication Standard with regard to labeling of portable
containers. Where hazardous substances are transferred from a
labeled container into a portable container, used within a work shift,
and under the control of the employee who performs the transfer, no
labels are required on the portable container. However, if the
chemical transferred to a portable container is not used within a work
shift and under the control of the employee who performs the
transfer, then labeling is required.

Will GHS pictograms and DOT labels conflict
with each other?
• No. The Department of Transportation (DOT) aligned with the GHS
physical hazard criteria in 2008 in order to classify hazards for toxic
materials and flammable liquids during the transport of hazardous
chemicals. The elements of the GHS which have been incorporated
within Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR Parts 100-180)
have been adopted by OSHA as well, so they are using the same
criteria for physical hazards.
• Training on label elements must include information on the type of
information the employee would expect to see on the new labels,
including the: Product identifier & Signal word

Pictogram
Hazard statement(s);
Precautionary statement(s); and
Name, address and phone number of the chemical manufacturer,
distributor, or importer.
Training must also include how an employee might use the labels in the
workplace. For example:
Explain how information on the label can be used to ensure proper
storage of hazardous chemicals.
Explain how the information on the label might be used to quickly
locate information on first aid when needed by employees or
emergency personnel.

Pictogram
A general understanding of how the elements
work together on a label. For example:
Explain that where a chemical has multiple hazards, different
pictograms are used to identify the various hazards. The employee
should expect to see the appropriate pictogram for the corresponding
hazard class.
Explain that when there are similar precautionary statements, the one
providing the most protective information will be included on the label.

Training on the format of the SDS must include
information on:
Standardized 16-section format, including the
type of information found in the various sections.
How the information on the label is related to the
SDS.

How often must HazCom refresher training be given?
• You must provide "effective" HazCom training to your employees at the
time of their initial assignment and whenever a new physical or health
hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is
introduced into their work area. For example, if a new solvent is brought
into the workplace, and it has hazards similar to existing chemicals for
which training has already been conducted, then no new training is
required.
• If the newly introduced solvent is a suspect carcinogen, and there has
never been a carcinogenic hazard in the workplace before, then new
training for carcinogenic hazards must be conducted for employees in
those work areas where employees will be exposed.

Hazard Communication Standard Pictogram
As of June 1, 2015, the Hazard Communication Standard
(HCS) will require
pictograms on labels to alert users of the chemical hazards
to which they may be exposed. Each pictogram consists of
a symbol on a white background framed
within a red border and represents a distinct hazard(s). The
pictogram on the label is determined by the chemical
hazard classification.

.
Health Hazard
 Carcinogen
 Mutagenicity
 Reproductive Toxicity
 Respiratory Sensitizer
 Target Organ Toxicity
 Aspiration Toxicity
Flame
• Flammables
• Pyrophorics
• Self-Heating
• Emits Flammable Gas
• Self-Reactives
• Organic Peroxides
Exclamation Mark
• Irritant (skin and eye)
• Skin Sensitizer
• Acute Toxicity
• Narcotic Effects
• Respiratory Tract Irritant
• Hazardous to Ozone Layer
• (Non-Mandatory)
Gas Cylinder
• Gases Under Pressure
Corrosion
• Skin Corrosion/Burns
• Eye Damage
• Corrosive to Metals
Exploding Bomb
• Explosives
• Self-Reactives
• Organic Peroxides
Flame Over Circle
• Oxidizers
Environment
(Non-Mandatory)
• Aquatic Toxicity
Skull and Crossbones
• Acute Toxicity
• (fatal or toxic)

Hazard Communication Standard:
Safety Data Sheets
• The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)),
revised in 2012, requires that the chemical manufacturer, distributor,
or importer provide Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) (formerly MSDSs or
Material Safety Data Sheets) for each hazardous chemical to
downstream users to communicate information on these
hazards. The information contained in the SDS is largely the same as
the MSDS, except now the SDSs are required to be presented in a
consistent user-friendly, 16-section format. This brief provides
guidance to help workers who handle hazardous chemicals to become
familiar with the format and understand the contents of the SDSs.

Safety Data Sheets
• The SDS includes information such as the properties of each chemical;
the physical, health, and environmental health hazards; protective
measures; and safety precautions for handling, storing, and
transporting the chemical. The information contained in the SDS
must be in English (although it may be in other languages as well). In
addition, OSHA requires that SDS preparers provide specific minimum
information as detailed in Appendix D of 29 CFR 1910.1200. The SDS
preparers may also include additional information in various
section(s).

Safety Data Sheets
• Sections 1 through 8 contain general information about the chemical,
identification, hazards, composition, safe handling practices, and
emergency control measures (e.g., fire fighting). This information
should be helpful to those that need to get the information quickly.
Sections 9 through 11 and 16 contain other technical and scientific
information, such as physical and chemical properties, stability and
reactivity information, toxicological information, exposure control
information, and other information including the date of preparation
or last revision. The SDS must also state that no applicable
information was found when the preparer does not find relevant
information for any required element.

Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets
• The SDS must also contain Sections 12 through 15, to be consistent
with the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), but OSHA will not enforce the content of
these sections because they concern matters handled by other
agencies.
• A description of all 16 sections of the SDS, along with their contents,
is presented next:

Section 1: Identification
• This section identifies the chemical on the SDS as well as the
recommended uses. It also provides the essential contact information
of the supplier. The required information consists of:
• Product identifier used on the label and any other common names or
synonyms by which the substance is known.
• Name, address, phone number of the manufacturer, importer, or
other responsible party, and emergency phone number.
• Recommended use of the chemical (e.g., a brief description of what
it actually does, such as flame retardant) and any restrictions on use
(including recommendations given by the supplier).

Section 2: Hazard(s) Identification
• This section identifies the hazards of the chemical presented on the SDS and the
appropriate warning information associated with those hazards. The required
information consists of:
• The hazard classification of the chemical (e.g., flammable liquid, category1).
• Signal word.
• Hazard statement(s).
• Pictograms (the pictograms or hazard symbols may be presented as graphical
reproductions of the symbols in black and white or be a description of the name of the
symbol (e.g., skull and crossbones, flame).
• Precautionary statement(s).
• Description of any hazards not otherwise classified.
• For a mixture that contains an ingredient(s) with unknown toxicity, a statement
describing how much (percentage) of the mixture consists of ingredient(s) with unknown
acute toxicity. Please note that this is a total percentage of the mixture and not tied to the
individual ingredient(s).

Section 3: Composition/Information on
Ingredients
• This section identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product indicated
on the SDS, including impurities and stabilizing additives. This section
includes information on substances, mixtures, and all chemicals where a
trade secret is claimed. The required information consists of:
• Substances
• Chemical name.
• Common name and synonyms.
• Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number and other unique identifiers.
• Impurities and stabilizing additives, which are themselves classified
and which contribute to the classification of the chemical.

Ingredients
• Mixtures
• Same information required for substances.
• The chemical name and concentration (i.e., exact percentage) of all
ingredients which are classified as health hazards and are:
• Present above their cut-off/concentration limits or
• Present a health risk below the cut-off/concentration limits.
• The concentration (exact percentages) of each ingredient must be
specified except concentration ranges may be used in the following
situations:
• A trade secret claim is made, there is batch-to-batch variation, or the SDS
is used for a group of substantially similar mixtures.

Ingredients
• Chemicals where a trade secret is claimed
• A statement that the specific chemical identity and/or exact
percentage (concentration) of composition has been withheld as a
trade secret is required.
• 1 Chemical, as defined in the HCS, is any substance, or mixture of
substances.

Section 4: First - Aid Measures
This section describes the initial care that should be given by untrained
responders to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical. The
required information consists of:
Necessary first-aid instructions by relevant routes of exposure
(inhalation, skin and eye contact, and ingestion).
Description of the most important symptoms or effects, and any
symptoms that are acute or delayed.
Recommendations for immediate medical care and special
treatment needed, when necessary.

Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures
This section provides recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the
chemical. The required information consists of:
Recommendations of suitable extinguishing equipment, and information about
extinguishing equipment that is not appropriate for a particular situation.
Advice on specific hazards that develop from the chemical during the fire, such
as any hazardous combustion products created when the chemical burns.
Recommendations on special protective equipment or precautions for
firefighters.

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
• This section provides recommendations on the appropriate response
to spills, leaks or releases, including containment and cleanup
practices to prevent or minimize exposure to people, properties or
the environment.
• It may also include recommendations distinguishing between
responses for large and small spills where the spill volume has a
significant impact on the hazard. The required information may
consist of recommendations for:

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
• Use of personal precautions (such as removal of ignition sources or
providing sufficient ventilation) and protective equipment to prevent
the contamination of skin, eyes, and clothing.
• Emergency procedures, including instructions for evacuations,
consulting experts when needed, and appropriate protective
clothing.
• Methods and materials used for containment (e.g., covering the
drains and capping procedures).
• Cleanup procedures (e.g., appropriate techniques for neutralization,
decontamination, cleaning or vacuuming; adsorbent materials;
and/or equipment required for containment/clean up).

Section 7: Handling and Storage
This section provides guidance on the safe handling practices and
conditions for safe storage of chemicals. The required information
consists of:
Precautions for safe handling, including recommendations for handling
incompatible chemicals, minimizing the release of the chemical into the
environment, and providing advice on general hygiene practices (e.g., eating,
drinking, and smoking in work areas is prohibited).
Recommendations on the conditions for safe storage, including any
incompatibilities. Provide advice on specific storage requirements (e.g.,
ventilation requirements).

Section 8: Physical and Chemical Properties
This section indicates the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal
protective measures that can be used to minimize worker exposure. The
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs), American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), and any other
exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or
employer preparing the safety data sheet, where available.
Appropriate engineering controls (e.g., use local exhaust ventilation, or use only
in an enclosed system).

Recommendations for personal protective measures to prevent illness
or injury from exposure to chemicals, such as personal protective
equipment (PPE) (e.g., appropriate types of eye, face, skin or
respiratory protection needed based on hazards and potential
exposure).
Any special requirements for PPE, protective clothing or respirators
(e.g., type of glove material, such as PVC or nitrile rubber gloves; and
breakthrough time of the glove material).

This section identifies physical and chemical properties associated with the substance or mixture. The minimum
• Appearance (physical state, color, etc.); • Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits;
• Odor; • Vapor pressure;
• Odor threshold; • Vapor density;
• pH; • Relative density;
• Melting point/freezing point; • Solubility(ies);
• Initial boiling point and boiling range; • Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water;
• Flash point; • Auto-ignition temperature;
• Evaporation rate; • Decomposition temperature; and
• Flammability (solid, gas); • Viscosity.

Section 9: Physical and Chemical
Properties
• The SDS may not contain every item on the above list because
information may not be relevant or is not available. When this
occurs, a notation to that effect must be made for that chemical
property. Manufacturers may also add other relevant
properties, such as the dust deflagration index (Kst) for
combustible dust, used to evaluate a dust’s explosive potential.

Section 10: Stability and Reactivity
This section describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and the
chemical stability information. This section is broken into three parts:
reactivity, chemical stability, and other. The required information consists of:
Reactivity
Description of the specific test data for the chemical(s). This data can be for
a class or family of the chemical if such data adequately represent the
anticipated hazard of the chemical(s), where available.

• This section describes the reactivity hazards of the
chemical and the chemical stability
information. This section is broken into three
parts: reactivity, chemical stability, and other. The
Chemical stability
• Indication of whether the chemical is stable or
unstable under normal ambient temperature and
conditions while in storage and being handled.
• Description of any stabilizers that may be needed
to maintain chemical stability.
• Indication of any safety issues that may arise
should the product change in physical appearance.

Indication of the possibility of hazardous reactions, including a statement whether the
chemical will react or polymerize, which could release excess pressure or heat, or create
other hazardous conditions. Also, a description of the conditions under which hazardous
reactions may occur.
List of all conditions that should be avoided (e.g., static discharge, shock,
vibrations, or environmental conditions that may lead to hazardous
conditions).
List of all classes of incompatible materials (e.g., classes of chemicals or
specific substances) with which the chemical could react to produce a
hazardous situation.
List of any known or anticipated hazardous decomposition products that
could be produced because of use, storage, or heating. (Hazardous
combustion products should also be included in Section 5 (Fire-Fighting
Measures) of the SDS.)

Section 11: Toxicological Information
This section identifies toxicological and health effects information or
indicates that such data are not available. The required information
consists of:
Information on the likely routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion,
skin and eye contact). The SDS should indicate if the information is
unknown.
Description of the delayed, immediate, or chronic effects from short-
and long-term exposure.

consists of:
The numerical measures of toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity estimates
such as the LD50 (median lethal dose)) - the estimated amount [of a
substance] expected to kill 50% of test animals in a single dose.
Description of the symptoms. This description includes the
symptoms associated with exposure to the chemical including
symptoms from the lowest to the most severe exposure.

consists of:
Indication of whether the chemical is listed in the National Toxicology
Program (NTP)
Report on Carcinogens (latest edition) or has been found to be a
potential carcinogen in the International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) Monographs (latest editions) or found to be a potential
carcinogen by OSHA.

Section 12: Ecological Information
(non-mandatory)
• This section provides information to evaluate the environmental impact of
the chemical(s) if it were released to the environment. The information
may include:
• Results of tests of bioaccumulation potential, making reference to the
octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and the bioconcentration factor
(BCF), where available.
• The potential for a substance to move from the soil to the groundwater
(indicate results from adsorption studies or leaching studies).
• Other adverse effects (e.g., environmental fate, ozone layer depletion
potential, photochemical ozone creation potential, endocrine disrupting
potential, and/or global warming potential).

Section 12: Ecological Information
(non-mandatory)
• This section provides information to evaluate the environmental
impact of the chemical(s) if it were released to the environment. The
information may include:
• Data from toxicity tests performed on aquatic and/or terrestrial
organisms, where available (e.g., acute or chronic aquatic toxicity
data for fish, algae, crustaceans, and other plants; toxicity data on
birds, bees, plants).
• Whether there is a potential for the chemical to persist and degrade
in the environment either through biodegradation or other processes,
such as oxidation or hydrolysis.

Section 13: Disposal Considerations
(non-mandatory)
This section provides guidance on
proper disposal practices, recycling or
reclamation of the chemical(s) or its
container, and safe handling
practices. To minimize exposure, this
section should also refer the reader to
Section 8 (Exposure Controls/Personal
Protection) of the SDS. The information
may include:
• Description of
appropriate disposal
containers to use.
• Recommendations of
appropriate disposal
methods to employ.
• Description of the
physical and chemical
properties that may
affect disposal
activities.
• Language
discouraging sewage
disposal.
• Any special
precautions for landfills
or incineration
activities.

Section 14: Transport Information
(non-mandatory)
• This section provides guidance on classification information for
shipping and transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail,
or sea. The information may include:
• UN number (i.e., four-figure identification number of the substance)2.
• UN proper shipping name2.
• Transport hazard class(es)2.
• Packing group number, if applicable, based on the degree of hazard2.
• Environmental hazards (e.g., identify if it is a marine pollutant
according to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
(IMDG Code)).

(non-mandatory)
• This section provides guidance on classification information for
• Guidance on transport in bulk (according to Annex II of MARPOL
73/783 and the International Code for the Construction and
Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
(International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code)).
• Any special precautions which an employee should be aware of or
needs to comply with, in connection with transport or conveyance
either within or outside their premises (indicate when information is
not available).

(non-mandatory)
This section provides guidance on classification information for
2 Found in the most recent edition of the United Nations
Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
3 MARPOL 73/78 means the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the
Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, as amended.

Section 15: Regulatory Information
(non-mandatory)
This section identifies the safety, health, and
environmental regulations specific for the product that is
not indicated anywhere else on the SDS. The information
may include:
Any national and/or regional regulatory information of the
chemical or mixtures (including any OSHA, Department
of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, or
Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations).

Section 16: Other Information
This section indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the
last known revision was made.
The SDS may also state where the changes have been made to
the previous version. You may wish to contact the supplier for an
explanation of the changes. Other useful information also may
be included here.

Employer Responsibilities
• Employers must ensure that the SDSs are readily accessible to
employees for all hazardous chemicals in their workplace. This
may be done in many ways. For example, employers may keep
the SDSs in a binder or on computers as long as the employees
have immediate access to the information without leaving their
work area when needed and a back-up is available for rapid
access to the SDS in the case of a power outage or other
emergency.
• Furthermore, employers may want to designate a person(s)
responsible for obtaining and maintaining the SDSs. If the
employer does not have an SDS, the employer or designated
person(s) should contact the manufacturer to obtain one.

"TOXICITY vs. HAZARD"
TOXICITY refers to how poisonous the material is, TOXICITY represents the killing power of the
pesticide. The more toxic the material is the more dangerous it is to use.
HAZARDS are the dangers associated with using poisonous materials. The more toxic the material
the more HAZARDOUS it will be for you to use. You must be extra careful when handling the most
toxic pesticides.
"TOXICITY"
Pesticide Toxicity is measured in terms of the "LD50" or "LC50".
"LD50" represents he Lethal Dose required to kill 50% of the test animals. "LD50" is measured in
terms of milligrams of pesticide per kilogram of body weight. A low LD50 number would indicate a
very toxic material.
"LC50" - Fumigant Toxicity is measured in terms of the "LC50" which represents the Lethal
Concentration of the fumigant in the air that is required to kill 50% of the test animals.

Acute Toxicity
Categories for
Pesticide Products
Hazard Indicators
Highly Toxic
Category
I
DANGER/Danger-Poison
Moderately Toxic
Category
II
WARNING
Low Toxicity
Category
III
CAUTION
Very Low Toxicity
Category
IV
Optional signal word Caution
Oral LD50
Up to and including 50
mg/kg
>50 thru 500 mg/kg >500 thru 5,000 mg/kg >5,000 mg/kg
Dermal LD50
Up to and including 200
mg/kg
>200 thru 2000
mg/kg
>2000 thru 20,000 mg/kg >20,000 mg/kg
Inhalation LC50
Up to and including 0.2
mg/liter
>0.2 thru 2 mg/liter >2 thru 20 mg/liter >2.0 mg/liter
Eye irritation
Corrosive; corneal opacity
not reversible within 7 days
Corneal opacity
reversible within 7
days; irritation
persisting for 7 days
No corneal opacity;
irritation reversible within
7 days
No irritation
Skin irritation Corrosive
Severe irritation at
72 hours
Moderate irritation at 72
hours
Mild or slight
irritation at 72 hours

Signal Word Category** Toxicity (Lethal Dose)*
Danger or Danger-Poison Class I—highly toxic Corrosive or irritant properties, a few drops to 1 teaspoon
Warning Class II—moderately toxic 1 teaspoon to 1 ounce
Caution Class III—slightly toxic
1 ounce to 1 pint/
1 pound
Caution or none Class IV—very slight hazard Over 1 pint or 1 pound
Signal words that may appear on the label.
* Lethal doses are listed for a 150-lb. adult.
**A product’s toxicity category determines what must be on its label.

Secondary Containers and Service Containers for
Pesticides EPA Guide Lines and Recommendations
• Secondary containers and service containers are often
used by pesticide applicators when they are applying a
pesticide. EPA does not require secondary containers or
service containers to be labeled or to meet particular
construction standards.
• However, for both types of containers, the applicator is
responsible for following the requirements on the pesticide
product’s labeling and complying with other relevant
requirements in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and other statutes.

Secondary Containers and Service Containers for
Pesticides EPA Guide Lines and Recommendations
• Given that both secondary and service containers are widely
used, however, EPA has some recommendations for users
who choose to label these containers. These
recommendations for labeling are intended to help ensure
the safe use of pesticides. Any labeling on secondary or
service containers should not conflict with the product
labeling.

Secondary and Service Containers
• Secondary containers and service containers are similar, but
there are some minor differences, and different terms are
used in different settings. A secondary container is used to
apply and/or store an EPA-registered pesticide and, when it
holds the pesticide, is neither sold nor distributed. Secondary
containers are most commonly used in institutional settings
for concentrated products that are diluted prior to use, or to
hold pesticides filled from a larger container to be used or
stored prior to application. Often secondary containers are
filled by end users at the site where the product will be used.

Secondary and Service Containers
• Service containers are containers that are filled with an EPA-
registered pesticide by an applicator and usually transported
to a use site where the pesticide will be applied by the
applicator. Although a product may be temporarily stored in a
service container, the container is not intended for long-term
storage. The term "service container" is often used in the
agricultural setting and by pest control operators. Service
containers also are not used to sell or distribute the pesticide.

EPA Recommendations for Labeling Secondary
and Service Containers
• Although the Agency does not require labels on secondary
and service containers, the Department of Transportation
(DOT) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) requirements may apply. EPA recommends that the
applicator identify the material in the secondary or service
container in the event of a spill to ensure that adequate
information regarding the pesticide can be obtained in case of
medical or environmental emergency. EPA recommends that
such labels include the following information:

• The name, address and telephone number of the
applicator/pest control firm [if applicable].
• Product name.
• EPA registration number.
• Name and percentage of active ingredient.
• If the product in the container is diluted, it should be followed
by the phrase:
“The product in this container is diluted as directed on the
pesticide product label.”

• Signal word and precautionary statements (including First
Aid statements) from the registered label unless the registrant
has acute toxicity data supporting lesser precautionary
statements for the diluted product and alternate directions
for the diluted product are indicated on the
product label; and
• The statement:
“Follow the directions for use on the pesticide label when
applying this product.”
• It is a good management practice to ensure that the label for
the pesticide product that has been put into a secondary or
service container is available to any person transporting,
handling and/or applying the pesticide.

• EPA also allows registrants to provide labels to users for secondary containers
that are used to apply or temporarily store end-use pesticides, as long as the
labels that accompany the containers are not inconsistent, i.e., have no other
statements that conflict, with the EPA approved pesticide label.
• Can an applicator leave a service container with a customer for the customer
to apply?
• No, if the applicator leaves a filled service container with a customer for the
customer to apply, the container is being used to sell or distribute the pesticide
rather than for the applicator to use the pesticide. This triggers a number of
different requirements. Selling and/or distributing a pesticide requires the
product to be registered with EPA, the product container display full
labeling, and for transfer of the product into a container to occur at a pesticide
producing establishment registered with the EPA.

Triple-Rinsing
Federal regulations require the rinsing of liquid pesticide containers.
Violation of these regulations is punishable by criminal and/or civil
penalties. When an empty container is recycled, or disposed of according
to label directions.
It must be properly rinsed. Approved pesticide container recyclers can
accept only properly rinsed containers. Some landfill operations may not
accept any pesticide containers, rinsed or unrinsed.
TRIPLE Rinsing is NOT Optional

This focus will be on containers 2.5 gallon and less
Wear the same personal protective equipment (PPE) while
rinsing containers as the pesticide label requires for handling and mixing.
• This does not require any special equipment and can be used with
plastic, non-pressurized metal, and glass containers. Triple rinse when
you empty the container.
• Directions
• 1. Empty the pesticide into the spray tank, and allow it to drain for 10
seconds after it begins to drip.
• 2. Fill the container ¼ full of water, and securely replace the cap.
• 3. Shake for 10 seconds to rinse all inside surfaces.
• 4. Pour rinsate into application equipment
• 5. Allow the container to drain for 10 seconds after it begins to drip.

• Repeat steps 2 through 5 two more
times.
• Rinse the cap, leave it removed, and
dispose of it in normal refuse.
• Puncture or crush the container so it
cannot be reused. Keep
any puncturing or crushing tools with
the pesticide.
• Allow clean container to dry. Store for
later recycling or disposal

How To Safely Store Pesticides
• Store pesticides out of reach of children and pets. If possible,
keep pesticides in a locked cabinet in a well-ventilated utility
area.
• Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal
feed, or medical supplies.
• Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or
where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water,
or surface water.

• Always store pesticides in their original containers with the
label, which lists directions for use, ingredients, and first aid
steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never transfer
pesticides to soft drink bottles or other containers. Children
or others may mistake them for something to eat or drink.

• Always keep personal protective equipment (PPE) and a
pesticide spill kit (chemical-resistant gloves, coveralls, and
goggles; sorbent pads and absorbent material such as kitty
litter; and a plastic temporary storage bag or container)
readily available in or near the pesticide storage area. When
storing pesticides on shelving, place liquid formulations on
lower shelves and dry formulations above them.
• If a liquid formulation container leaks, the dry formulations
will not be contaminated. Keeping the liquid containers on
lower shelving also helps reduce the risk of accidental spills if
the container is knocked off the shelf.

• Post weatherproof signs, stating “Danger - Pesticides - Keep Out!” or a
similar warning on each door and in any windows of the facility. In some
cases, it may be advisable to post the warning signs in one or more
languages in addition to English. Post the name, address, and phone
number of a contact person at the primary entrance to the storage
area.
• Regardless of whether it is a cabinet, room, or an entire building, the
pesticide storage area should be lockable to prevent unauthorized entry
and should be used only for pesticides and pesticide equipment.
• A floor plan, records related to the storage location, and an annual
inventory of the pesticides and containers in storage should be provided
to the local emergency response coordinator as well.

• Wooden pallets or metal shelves must be provided for storing
granular and dry formulations packaged in sacks, fiber drums,
boxes, or other water-permeable containers. If metal
pesticide containers are stored for a prolonged period, they
should be placed on pallets, rather than directly on the floor,
to help reduce potential corrosion and leakage.

• The pesticide storage location should be a cool, dry, well-ventilated
area away from sources of heat or flame. See the pesticide label for
specific storage recommendations. Some pesticides may not be as
effective if they are or have been frozen or overheated. Expansion of
pesticides caused by freezing or heating can cause containers to crack
or break, resulting in potentially dangerous leaks or spills. Heat
expansion of a liquid pesticide also may result in contents that are
under pressure. When the container is opened, the pressure may
cause an overflow and/or contamination of the user or storage site.
Excessively high temperatures (120oF or higher) also can change the
effectiveness of a pesticide and may produce dangerous fumes,
making the storage area unsafe.

• To prepare for pesticide applications, remove the pesticide
containers from storage and take them to an open area.
Always measure and mix pesticides in a well-lit, well-
ventilated location. Regardless of whether they are partially
or completely emptied, never leave pesticide containers open
or unattended while the pesticide is being applied.
• Return all containers to storage prior to application to
prevent accidental spills, ingestion, or exposure to people,
pets, livestock, or wildlife.

• Mixing and applying pesticides requires detailed attention to
label instructions, along with common sense and good
judgment. So, too, does pesticide storage. Being careless or
using improper storage procedures is an open invitation to
disaster.

• Spilled pesticides must be contained. If the pesticide starts to spread,
contain it by diking with soil or absorbent materials, if this can be done
safely without contacting the pesticide or breathing the fumes. Never
hose down a contaminated area. This will cause the pesticide to
spread and infiltrate into the soil, possibly reaching groundwater. If the
spill is liquid, use activated charcoal, absorptive clay, vermiculite, pet
litter, or sawdust to cover the entire spill area. Use enough absorbing
materials to completely soak up the liquid. Then sweep or shovel the
material into a leak-proof container. Dispose of this material according
to the label of the pesticide involved.

Understanding Pesticide Labels
Pesticide labels are legal
documents containing directions for
use, handling, storage, and disposal
of a pesticide product.
With so many sections on a label, it
can be difficult to discern what you
need to know
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

Reading and Understanding Pesticide Labels

What determines a pesticide label’s content?
A product’s label is based on potential risks
associated with use of the product. Risk depends
partly on the product’s chemical characteristics
and toxicity, but also on how it is used. Risks
include the following:
• Personal safety risks to applicators and handlers
• Human exposure risk through diet, inhalation,
dermal (skin), drinking water, and general
exposure from lawns, golf courses, parks, pets,
schools, swimming pools, etc.
• Effects on nontarget species (domestic animals,
wildlife, pollinators, other beneficial insects, and
plants)
• Effects on the environment (water, soil, and air)

Why read the label?
THE LABEL IS THE LAW
It's the nuts & bolts of your business!

• The label is for safety.
• Each pesticide has different risks, so
each product has specific instructions and
safety precautions.
• The only way to know how to safely use
a product is to read its label.

• If you don’t follow the
instructions, you may endanger
yourself, other people,
domestic animals, wildlife,
desirable plants, and/or the
environment.

• The label tells you what to do if the product gets
in your mouth, lungs, or eyes, or on your skin.

It is illegal to use a pesticide in a
manner inconsistent with its label.
You may be liable for damage caused
by improper use.

One of the most important tools for safe and effective use of
pesticides is the information on the product label. Labels are legal
documents and are required to contain directions on how to
properly mix, apply, store, and dispose of a pesticide product.
These directions are designed to help ensure the safe and
effective use of pesticides. Failure to comply with label directions
can potentially harm humans and the environment, as well as lead
to possible legal liability.

1.Product or brand name. This is the name given by the
manufacturer to the specific pesticide product.
Several manufacturers may make products containing the same
active ingredient, but each will have its own brand name.

2. Net contents/net weight. This statement tells the
weight or volume of product in the container. Before
applying a pesticide, multiply the area (square feet or
acres) to treat by the recommended application rate for
the target site and pest.
This is the amount of product you will need. Use the net
contents/net weight to help you determine how much to
purchase. By buying only what you need, you can avoid
having to store or dispose of extra pesticide.

3.Pesticide product type. This statement indicates the type
of pesticide and its use (for example, a herbicide to control
broadleaf weeds in agricultural crops and nonagricultural areas).

4. Ingredient statement. This statement lists all ingredients as
a percentage of the total packaged product, thus indicating how
concentrated the product is. The active ingredient is the
chemical responsible for controlling the pest.
It may be listed by its common name and its more complex
chemical name. The percentage of inert ingredients is also
given. These ingredients include solvents, surfactants,
stabilizers, or dyes that make the product easier to handle and
apply.

5.Restricted use pesticide statement. This statement
appears if the product is a restricted use pesticide.
This determination is usually based on the product’s
individual human toxicity or on chemical properties
that may impact the environment. These pesticides may be
purchased and applied only by people with a pesticide license.
Pesticides without this statement reconsidered “general use
pesticides” and do not require a license.

6. Child hazard warning.
The front of every pesticide label states,
“Keep Out of Reach of Children.”

7. Signal word. The signal word indicates the acute toxicity (toxicity that
occurs 24-48 hours after
exposure) and hazard of the pesticide to humans and animals. It is a
quick way to determine the toxicity.
• “Danger Poison” represents the most toxic of all pesticides. These
products also carry the risk of severe eye damage or skin irritation. This
signal word must be accompanied by a skull and crossbones graphic
and the Spanish word for danger, “Peligro.”
“Warning” represents moderate toxicity. The Spanish word for warning,
“Aviso,” must accompany this signal word.
• “Caution” represents slight toxicity.
• Some pesticides do not contain a signal word because their acute
effects on humans and animals are nontoxic.

8. First aid statement. This statement describes emergency
first aid in case of exposure to the product (oral, skin,
inhalation, eye). For more toxic pesticides, the first aid
statement must be on the front of the label, with additional
first aid information elsewhere. For less toxic products, the
first aid statement may be in a different location. It is a good
idea to review the first aid statement before using a
pesticide.

9. EPA registration number and establishment number.
Each pesticide product sold in the United States has a unique
registration number, somewhat comparable to a person's Social
Security Number.
The first part of the number is the manufacturer or company
identification number, and the second part is the product
identification number.
The registration number makes it easy to inquire about a
specific product, even if other products have a similar name. The
establishment number identifies the manufacturing plant where
the pesticide was produced, which is useful if you have concerns
about product quality.

10. Mode-of-action numerical classification.
The pesticide mode-of-action number identifies the product’s
resistance group. Repeatedly using products from the same
group increases the probability that the pest will develop
resistance to those and other pesticides in the group. It is
recommended that applicators rotate pesticide mode-of-action
groups every time they apply pesticides. Always identify the
pesticide’s mode-of-action group before you purchase a product.
The mode-of-action group numerical code usually is on the front
of the label in the upper right-hand corner, although this location
is not a requirement.

11. Company name and address. This information refers to the
pesticide manufacturer or the company responsible for
registration, sale, and distribution of the pesticide. This
information is useful if you have questions about the product.

12. Precautionary statements. This section contains
information about potential hazards related to the product’s use,
including risks to humans, domestic animals, other nontarget
organisms, wildlife, and the environment. These statements are
based on product risk assessments. This section also lists the
PPE required when using the product.
Some precautionary statements relate to the product’s specific
chemical properties. These statements may outline actions
needed to eliminate risk of runoff, drift, or problems with hot or
cold temperatures.

The precautionary statements contain the following:
a. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
b. Physical or chemical hazards (not shown)
c. Environmental hazards
d. Bee hazards

13. Directions for use.
This large section tells how to mix and apply the product.
This information is derived from product testing required for
registration. Directions may be different for each crop or site
where the product may be applied. Most of these instructions are
mandatory. Information includes:
a. What pest(s) the product is registered to control
b. To what sites or crops the product may be applied
c. Correct application rate

13. Directions for use (continued).
d. How much total product can be applied to a site or crop during
a growing season. The label may tell how often to apply the
product and/or limit the number of applications or amount applied
per season.
e. How soon the crop can be harvested after a pesticide
application (the preharvest interval, or PHI)

13. Directions for use (continued).
f. How long people must wait before reentering a treated area
after the pesticide application (the restricted-entry interval, or
REI). This statement gives either a specific amount of time (such
as 48 hours) or a general statement such as, “Do
not enter treated area until sprays have dried.”
g. How much time must lapse after pesticide application before
livestock may be allowed to graze the area (the grazing interval)
h. How to mix the product
i. How to apply the product

14. Storage and disposal. This section tells how to store and
dispose of the product and container.
STORAGE
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. Store in
original container in a dry, secure storage area. Keep container tightly
closed when not in use.

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess
pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law and may
contaminate ground water.

CONTAINER DISPOSAL
Triple rinse or equivalent. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or
puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill or incineration.

15. Agricultural use requirements and Worker
Protection Standard. The federal Worker Protection Standard
(WPS) requires this section on certain
products. It is surrounded by a “box” and lists notification
requirements, the REI, and required PPE for early reentry.
Information for greenhouse applications is included, if appropriate.

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS
Use this product only in accordance with its label and with the Worker
Protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170. This Standard contains
requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests,
nurseries and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural pesticides. It
contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification and
emergency assistance. It also contains specific instructions and exceptions
pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective
equipment (PPE), and restricted entry interval (REI). The requirements in
this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the WPS.
Do not enter or allow entry into treated areas during the restricted entry
interval (REI) of 48 hours.

16. Nonagricultural use requirements. This “box” appears on
nonagricultural product labels, for example, pesticides used on
lawns, golf courses, ornamental plantings, and structures (except
greenhouses).
It contains important PPE and safety instructions, in addition to
that provided under “Precautionary statements.”

NONAGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS
The requirements in this box apply to uses of this product that are
NOT within the scope of the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for
agricultural pesticides (40 CFR Part 170). For ornamental turf uses
(golf courses, cemeteries, parks and other turf grass areas), do not
enter treatment areas until sprays have dried. Do not allow people
(other than applicator) or pets on treatment area during application.
Some labels may have both the agricultural use box
and the nonagricultural use box.

Portions of Understanding the label information was used with
permission of the following:
The authors
Ronda E. Hirnyck, University of Idaho Pesticide Program Coordinator;
William Warren, Extension Educator, Clearwater County;
Sherman Takatori, Pesticide Applicator and Training Program Specialist,
Idaho State Department of Agriculture
Used with permission from the University of Idaho
American Pest CEUs would like to thank the University of Idaho, Ronda
Hirnyck, William Warren, and Sherman Takatori for use of
BUL 908Reading and Understanding Pesticide Labels.

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