1. Malogae Badiekang Samuel
IE&C Coordinator Asutifi-North
22nd June, 2013
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
INFECTIONS (STIs)

2. • Define STIs
• Overview of STIs
• Common STIs
• Gonorrhoea, agent, incubation period
• How common is Gonorrhoea
• Clinical features of Gonorrhoea
• Mode of transmission
• Complications of untreated & poorly treated
Gonorrhoea
Outline

3. Sexually transmitted diseases
are infectious diseases caused
by one or more microorganisms
that are mainly transmitted from
one infected person to another
during unprotected sexual
intercourse.
What are STIs?

4. According to WHO an estimate of 340
million new cases of sexually
transmitted infections occur throughout
the world every year, up to 4000
newborn babies become blind every
year because of eye infections
attributable to untreated maternal
gonococcal and chlamydial infections.
Overview

5. Common STIs
•HIV/AIDS
•Genital Herpes
•Genital Warts
•Chlamydia
•Chancroid
•Gonorrhoea
•Hepatitis B
•Trichomoniasis
•Syphillis
•Ringworm

6. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted
disease (STD) caused by a bacterium.
Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm,
moist areas of the reproductive tract,
including the cervix (opening to the womb),
uterus (womb), and fallopian tubes (egg
canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine
canal) in women and men. The bacterium
can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes,
and anus.
What is Gonorrhoea?

7. The exact time when gonorrhea started
cannot be ascertained. Earliest records
of the disease are found from 1161
when the English parliament enacted a
law to ensure that the spread of the
infection is decreased and curbed.
This was followed by a similar law in
1256 in France during the reign of Louis
IX.
History of Gonorrhoea

8. In 1879 Neisser discovered the
gonococcus or Neisseria gonorrhoeae
and it was soon proven to be the
causative agent of gonorrhoea. He
demonstrated its presence consistently
in patients with symptoms. In addition,
when discharge and cultures of
gonococci was introduced into the
urethra of healthy men, it caused the
disease
History of Gonorrhoea

9. Distribution of Gonorrhoea in Asutifi-North
It is predominantly among people aged 20-34,
35-49, 18-19 years of age.
How common is Gonorrhoea?
Condition Year
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gonorrhoea 477 407 575 741 638 176
RT
Discharges
1,918 1,814 1,792 2,139 1,032 247
Total 2,395 2,221 2,367 2,880 1,670 423

10. A gram-negative
bacteria called
“Neisseria gonorrhoea”
What is the organisms that
causes Gonorrhoea?

11. Incubation period: 2-7 days
of unprotected sexual contact
with an infected person
What is the Incubation period of
Gonorrhoea?

12. Some men with gonorrhea may have no
symptoms at all. However, common
symptoms in men include a burning
sensation when urinating, or a white,
yellow, or green discharge from the
penis that usually appears 1 to 14 days
after infection. Sometimes men with
gonorrhea get painful or swollen
testicles.
What are the symptoms of
Gonorrhoea?

13. Most women with gonorrhea do not have any
symptoms. Even when a woman has
symptoms, they are often mild and can be
mistaken for a bladder or vaginal infection.
The initial symptoms in women can include a
painful or burning sensation when urinating,
increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal
bleeding between periods. Women with
gonorrhea are at risk of developing serious
complications from the infection, even if
symptoms are not present or are mild.
Symptoms in Women

14. Symptoms of rectal infection in both
men and women may include
discharge, anal itching, soreness,
bleeding, or painful bowel movements.
Rectal infections may also cause no
symptoms.
Infections in the throat may cause a
sore throat, but usually cause no
symptoms.
Both Sexes

15. People get gonorrhea by having
unprotected sex with someone who has
the disease. “Having sex” means anal,
vaginal, or oral sex. Gonorrhea can still
be transmitted via fluids even if a man
does not ejaculate. Gonorrhea can also
be spread from an untreated mother to
her baby during childbirth.
How do people get Gonorrhoea?
(mode of transmission)

16. Any sexually active person can be
infected with gonorrhea. It is a very
common STD.
In the Asutifi-North District, it is
common among people aged:
20-34,
35-49, and
18-19 years
Who is at risk for gonorrhea?

17. Untreated gonorrhea can cause serious and
permanent health problems in both women
and men.
• Death
• Infertility
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Ectopic pregnancies
• Blindness in new born babies
What are the
complications of
gonorrhea?

18. •Infection
•Sore throat
•Difficulty Urinating
•Heart Failure
•Painful joints
•Abortion (septic abortion)
Complications con’td

19. If a pregnant woman has gonorrhea,
she may give the infection to her baby
as the baby passes through the birth
canal during delivery. This can cause
serious health problems for the baby.
How does gonorrhea affect a
pregnant woman and her
baby?

20. Treating gonorrhea as soon as it is
detected in pregnant women will make
these health outcomes less likely.
Pregnant women should consult a
health care provider for appropriate
examination, testing, and treatment, as
necessary.
How does gonorrhoea affect a
pregnant woman and her
baby?

21. Latex condoms, when used consistently
and correctly, can reduce the risk of
getting or giving gonorrhea.
The most certain way to avoid
gonorrhea is to not have sex or to be in
a long-term, mutually monogamous
relationship with a partner who has
been tested and is known to be
uninfected.
How can gonorrhea be
prevented?

22. • Anyone with genital symptoms such as
discharge, burning during urination,
unusual sores, or rash should stop
having sex and see a health care
provider immediately.
• Also, anyone with an oral, anal, or
vaginal sex partner who has been
recently diagnosed with an STD should
see a health care provider for
evaluation.
Recommendations

23. • If a person has been diagnosed and
treated for gonorrhea, he or she should
tell all recent anal, vaginal, or oral sex
partners so they can see a health care
provider and be treated.
• Avoid self-medication because, it causes
development of resistance
• Seek early treatment
• Follow treatment protocol as prescribed
your health care provider
Recommendations

24. What is gonorrhea?
How common is gonorrhea?
How do people get gonorrhea?
Who is at risk for gonorrhea?
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?
What are the complications of gonorrhea?
What about Gonorrhea and HIV?
How does gonorrhea affect a pregnant woman and her
baby?
Who should be tested for gonorrhea?
What about partners?
How can gonorrhea be prevented?
Where can I get more information?
FAQ on Gonorrhoea

25. THANK YOU!!!