26.9.2016 Service support technologies lecture go through Internet of Things, Definition of Internet of Things, Overlap of the Internet of Things with field of research, Opportunities and motivations of the Internet of things, Internet of Things - Do-it Yourself (DiY).

1. IN140703 Service Support
Technologies 26.9.2016
Pirita Ihamäki Phd. Mc.S.
pirita.ihamaki@samk.fi
Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Unit Rauma

2. Content
• Internet of Things
• Definition of Internet of Things
• Overlap of the Internet of Things with field of research
• Opportunities and Motivation of the Internet of Things
• Key Requiremments in the Internet of Things
• Key goals for a future Internet of things architecture to
achieve are:
• Internet of Things – Do-it Yourself (DiY)
• DiY activities
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3. Content
• DiY is About Connecting
• DiY Creation in the Internet of Things
• DiY activity is the mindset of a person- ” people
logics”
• Contextualisation Layers for DiY
• Service Composition and Exposition Layer in DiY
• It Comprises the Following Functions
• Workshop
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4. Internet of Things
• Haller, Karhouskos and Schroth (2009) define the
Internet of Things (IoT) as ”a world where
physical objects are seamlessly integrated into
the information network, and where the physical
objects can become active participants in
business processes. Services are available to
interact with these ’smart objects’ over the
Internet, query their state and any information
associated with them, taking into account
security and privacy issues ”
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5. Connecting World Together

6. Internet of Things (IoT)
• The future Internet of Things provides a
broader vision and enables everyone to access
and contribute rich information about things
and locations. (Uckelmann, Harrison,
Michahelles 2011)
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7. Definition of Internet of Things
One definition has been formulated in the Strategic Research Agenda of the
Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of Things (CERP-IoT 2009):
“Internet of Things (IoT) is an integrated part of Future Internet and could be defined as a
dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard
and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual ‘things’ have
identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and
are seamlessly integrated into the information network.
In IoT, ‘things’ are expected to become active participants in business, information and
social processes where they are enabled to interact and communicate among
themselves and with the environment by exchanging data and information ‘sensed’ about
the environment, while reacting autonomously to the ‘real and physical world’ events and
influencing it by running processes that trigger actions and create services with or without
direct human intervention.
Interfaces in the form of services facilitate interactions with these ‘smart things’ over the
Internet, a query and change their state and any information associated with them, taking
into account security and privacy issues.”
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8. Overlaps of the Internet of Things with fields of research
Internet
of
Things
Ubiquitous/Pervasive
Computing
Internet Protocol
Communication
Technologies and
Internet of People
Enbedded Devices and
Applications
Intranet or Extranet of
Things

9. Opportunities and Motivation of
the Internet of Things
• Envision – A vision of the Internet of Things needs to provide holistic
scenarios focusing on private, social and business benefits. Experimentally-
driven, participative research approaches will be needed to allow the
involvement of different stakeholders for the identification of requirements,
usability testing, evaluation and active participation. Mechanisms are
needed for empowering citizens to fully participate and innovate in the
Internet of Things, in order to provide a new multi-directional communication
infrastructure for researchers, industries and citizens. This user-centric
concept maybe referred to as the ‘Web of Things’ as it provides
intuitive graphical user interfaces that include functionalities familiar to
Web 2.0 applications.
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10. Opportunities and Motivation of
the Internet of Things
• Extend – To leverage state-of-the-art developments and accepted
technologies, existing architectures, such as the EPCglobal Network,
should be utilised and extended by adding new functionalities to support
the diverse means of identification (RFID, barcode, 2D-code), sensors,
actuators, intelligent devices and other information sources (e.g. user-generated
content, commercial databases) within an open framework.
The value of product-related data needs to be increased through semantic
enrichment. Extending existing approaches will allow the utilisation of prior
efforts and investments and allow a phased approach to towards the Internet
of Things. Disruptive new approaches should be avoided unless they
provide substantial new benefits or build on existing work. It should be
noted that this approach to does not exclude the integration of other
heterogeneous technologies, but it promotes the usage of a single core
architecture.
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11. Opportunities and Motivation of
the Internet of Things
• Enable – It is crucial to solve today's adoption
challenges. There is still a lot of research needed
on technical challenges that too often are to
consider to be solved (especially by researchers
and practitioners lacking the technical knowledge).
Privacy, security and confidentiality are key factors
to provide a trustworthy Internet of Things. New
mechanisms for sharing costs and benefits to
enable the creation of opportunities for new
market entrants are needed.
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12. Opportunities and Motivation of
the Internet of Things
• Excite – New stakeholders need to be excited to
contribute to the future Internet of Things. Ease
of participation, collaboration and generation of
benefits are major requirements to excite new
entrants to the Internet of Things. Open
frameworks and end-user programming
environments may empower citizens to create
cost-free as well as billable micro services, such
as a product guides and reviews.
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13. Opportunities and Motivation of
the Internet of Things
• Evaluate – New approaches need to be discussed with a
large variety of stakeholders and verified in industry pilots
and user-centric environments. A good example for the
future Internet of Things is the informed and ethical
consumer who requires product-related data (e.g., country
of origin, ingredients, dynamic best before a date, a carbon
footprint) and who is willing to add information to the
Internet of Things. Other popular examples include public
user-centric scenarios that build on the concept of Smart
Cities and Smart Homes. Furthermore, we need to evaluate
the Internet of Things in a philosophical context as things
will become social actors in a networked environment.
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15. Key requirements in the Internet of Things
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• Meet key societal needs for the Internet of Things including
open governance, security, privacy and trustworthiness.
The Internet of Things should not be owned by single
interest groups, as it should be an open global
infrastructure as the Internet and WWW are today.
• One of the key issues in Europe and Asia in the past few
years has been the predominance of VeriSign, an American
company operating the Object Name Service (ONS) under
contract for the EPCglobal Network (Clendenin 2006, Heise
online 2008).
• Security, privacy and trustworthiness need to be
considered, but are in most aspects not specific to the
Internet of Things.

16. Key requirements in the Internet of Things
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• Bridge the gap between B2B, business-to-consumer
(B2C) and machine-to-machine (M2M) requirements
through a generic and open Internet of Things
infrastructure.
• Design an open, scalable, flexible and sustainable
infrastructure for the Internet of Things.
• The Internet of Things has to be open by definition.
• Open standards are required to use and extend its
functionality. It will be a huge network, considering
that every object has its virtual representation.

17. Key requirements in the Internet of Things
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• Develop migration paths to disruptive
technological developments into the Internet
of Things.
• Nevertheless, providing a migration path for
autonomous control in the Internet of Things
would broaden its usage a solid networked
infrastructure for autonomous objects
(Uckelmann et al. 2010).

18. Key requirements in the Internet of Things
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• Excite and enable businesses and people to
contribute to the Internet of Things.
• Enable businesses across different industries
to develop high added value products and
services.
• Encourage new market entrants, such as third
party service and information providers, to
enter the Internet of Things.

19. Key requirements in the Internet of Things
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• Provide an open solution for sharing costs,
benefits and revenue generation in the
Internet of Things.
• Public initiatives to support the usage of the
Internet of Things for social relevant topics.
• Enable people to seamlessly identify things to
access as well as contribute related
information.

20. Key goals for a future Internet of Things
architecture to achieve are:
• An open, scalable, flexible and secure infrastructure for the
Internet of Things and People.
• A user-centric, customisable ‘Web of Things’ including
interaction possibilities in the benefit of society.
• New dynamic business concepts for the Internet of Things
including flexible billing and incentive capabilities in
promoted information share.
• Companies, public institutions and people will be able to
access data for their own benefits and financial as well as
non-financial benefit compensation will further add to a
fast adoption process of the Internet of Things.
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22. Internet of Things – Do-it Yourself
(DiY)
• DiY is commonly associated with youth
subcultures, the origin of DiY as an activity can
be found in the home improvement and
decoration domain.
• DiY confirms people’s creative side and gives
them the feeling of ‘being their own boss’
(Hoftijzer 2009).
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23. DiY activities
• Leadbeater invented the word ‘Pro-Am’. A pro-am one is an amateur that
pursues activities out of the love for it, but at the same time setting a
professional standard (Leadbeater and Miller 2004).
• Von Hippel proposed the word ‘Lead-User’. A lead-user is at the leading
edge of an important market trend, and so is currently experiencing needs
that will later be experienced by many users in that market. She/he
anticipates relatively high benefits from obtaining a solution to her/his
needs, and so may innovate (Von Hippel, 2005).
• Levi-Strauss coined the word ‘Bricoleur’. He describes the bricoleur as
“someone who uses all the concrete materials he encounters in everyday
life and all the earlier experiences of himself and others around him, to
find solutions for the problems he is confronted with in everyday life”
(Levi-Strauss 1968).
• Bakardjieva and Stewart invented the word ‘local warm expert’. A local
warm expert is “an Internet/computer technology expert in the
professional sense or simply in a relative sense vis-à-vis the less
knowledgeable other” (Bakardjieva 2005; Steward 2007).

24. DiY is About Connecting
A core aspect of DiY is the act of ‘creating’ something. Gauntlett (2010) gives
a good insight in the social aspects of creating. He distinguishes three ways on
how making is connecting, and, therefore, in essence indicated that DiY is
about communication.
1. Making is connecting because you connect things together (materials,
ideas or both) to make something new.
2. Making is connecting because the arts of creativity usually involve, at some
point, a social dimension and connect us with other people.
3. Making is connecting because through making things and sharing them in
the world, we increase our engagement and connection with our social and
physical environments.
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25. DiY creation in the Internet of Things
• First of all, having a large network of interconnected sensors (and
actuators) principally allows for people to incorporate the related data
streams in their DiY applications that ‘use thing data’ . Today, several
examples of that exist in the web, as we will discuss further on.
• Secondly, an act of DiY can clearly exist in people connecting up new
sensors (and actuators) to the Internet of Things, as a form of DiY
installation . Here also, several examples exist today, e.g. in sensor
network-enabled smart homes though this is often offered via
technologically closed solutions.
• Finally, the ultimate tangible creation experience is deriving from the
current trends in DiY electronics, where augmentation and composition as
an act of DiY building smart objects have become technically feasible. As
such, people can be creative in shaping the tangible interaction front-end
to the Internet of Things.
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26. DiY activity is the mindset of a person – ”people
logics”
• Industrial logic: This way of thinking is mostly straightforward, no-
nonsense. In order for people of this kind to have a drive for DiY, a
very small action would be needed. For example, mounting a device
on the wall may give such a person a feeling of satisfaction.
• Dream society logic: in the dream society, people do things in order
to show themselves to the outside world. Thinking about DiY from
such perspective, a deep customising of a product could suffice to
trigger the feeling of ‘I did this myself’. This could be, for example,
choosing the colour and materials of a pair of shoes.
• Creative man logic: The creative man wants to create things from
scratch by himself based on his own personal needs. Starting from
this point of view, this person could follow an instructable one to
create his own windmill to provide power for his house, as an
example. (Mogensen 2004)
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28. Contextualisation Layer for DiY
• User profiling and personalisation: A user profile
is a structured data record containing user-
related information like identifiers,
characteristics, abilities, needs and interests,
preferences, behavioural history and
extrapolations thereof for predicting and
anticipating future behaviour. It can therefore be
exploited to provide personalised, user-context-
aware service recommendation, leveraging
related user profiles from the crowd, and context-
awareness during eventual service use.
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29. Contextualisation Layer for DiY
• The Modelling of the physical context information: The
environmental context is also a very relevant feature in
service oriented environments, particularly in ‘smart’
environments, where services are expected to behave
intelligently, learning from and anticipate on what happens
in the surroundings. In general, the establishment of an
effective context model is essential for designing context-
aware services. Strang and Linnhoff-Popien (2004) provide
a survey of the most important context modelling
approaches for pervasive computing, such as key value
models, mark-up scheme models, graphical models, object
oriented models, logic-based models and ontology-based
models.
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30. Contextualisation Layer for DiY
• Reasoning: Another key issue in the study of DiY
applications is the reasoning about environmental
context and user information, allowing the deduction
of new knowledge in addition to the directly detected
information. As the ultimate goal is to make the
services and the surrounding smart, i.e., more closely
in accordance with the specific user expectations, a
fundamental challenge exists in deriving correct and
stable conclusions from the typically imperfect context
data acquisition in the highly dynamic and
heterogeneous ambient environment.
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31. Service Composition and Exposition Layer in DiY
The Service Composition and Exposition Layer
in DiYSE groups the functions that enable the
upper user-facing tools for listing and access the
different available services and service parts as
provided by any actor of the DiY community, i.e.
third parties and professionals as well as any
users.
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32. It comprises the following functions:
• Service exposure: This function provides a unified access to the
services and components made available by different levels of
users, professionals and third parties (Blum et al. 2008), which is
essential for the envisioned DiYSE creation process. It thus enables
the different types of users to discover, compose and publish about
a properly abstracted service level. Besides that, functionality such
as instantiation and the related exception handling, authentication
and authorisation, layered functional exposure, configuration and
service user interface representation in the DiYSE creation process
is envisioned.
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33. It comprises the following functions:
• Semantic engine: The semantic engine
function provides the service exposure
function with the abstractions the
semantically mediate interaction of devices,
services and actors, according to the methods
discussed in the sections on semantic
interoperability, leveraging a set of shared
ontology repositories for that purpose.
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34. • Orchestrator-compositor: as a key part in the
DiYSE creation process, the dynamic
composition and orchestration of a hybrid
and composite services is needed, leveraging
the semantic engine as well as the
Contextualisation and Personalisation Layer,
and closely interacting with the service
exposure function, registering newly
composed applications (ESI 2008).
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It comprises the following functions:

35. Worshops
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36. Group Work
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• Divide for groups of 5 people.
• Design Internet of Things Service, you choose
for Internet of Things Service, which you will
be needed in your life, than describe and
present your IoT service with others.
• ”The flow of ideas from one field into another
often takes curious and ambivalent paths”.

38. Thank you for your attention!