1. SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY
PLANNING COMMISSION
HRD DIVISION

2. SCHOOL EDUCATION
• School Education, broadly covers - 8 yrs. of Elementary, 10 yrs. of
Secondary & 12 yrs. of Sr. Secondary Education.
• India’s Educational attainments are low in international comparison on
account of a large segment of ‘no schooling’ population.
GENERAL LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF POPULATION (15YRS &
• Lack of adequate access to education, ABOVE
NSS-2009-10- ALL INDIA RURAL+URBAN)- MYS: 5.98 YEARS
• Wide regional, social & gender gaps
7%
• High drop out rates 1%
8%
• A large no of OoSC 32% No Schooling
Primary
• Low literacy, particularly for females
13% Elementary
secondary
Narrowed down the base for Hr. Secondary
Diploma
higher educational attainments of our Degree, PG +
country. 17%
22%
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3. Twelfth Plan Monitorable Targets
School Education & Literacy
National Monitorable Targets:
• Achieve a Mean Years of Schooling of 7 by 2016-17
• Elimination of all social & gender gaps in enrolment.
Other Targets include:
• Increase Secondary Education GER to 90% & Sr.
Secondary GER to 65%
• Reduce secondary drop out rate less than 25%.
• Reduction in gender gap of literacy by10 percentage points.
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4. Mean Years of Schooling*
S.No Countries 2000 2010
1 Malaysia 9.09 10.14 India’s MYS
India’s MYS
2 China 7.11 8.17 Census, 2001
Census, 2001 4.44
4.44
3 Brazil 6.41 7.54 NSS 2007-08
NSS 2007-08 5.55
5.55
4 Thailand 6.11 7.49 NSS 2009-10
NSS 2009-10 5.98
5.98
5 Indonesia 5.23 6.24
Twelfth Plan Target
Twelfth Plan Target 7.00
7.00
Thirteenth Plan
Thirteenth Plan 8.00
8.00
6 India 4.19 5.12
(i) Advanced 10.65 11.03
Economies
The main challenge is bridging
The main challenge is bridging
gender, social & regional gaps in
gender, social & regional gaps in
(ii) Developing 6.15 7.09
Countries MYS.
MYS.
(iii) World ( Average) 6.98 7.76
35 STATES/UTs MYS
2 Chandigarh (9.55), Delhi >9
6 Goa, Kerala, Manipur, Nagaland, Daman-Diu & Puducherry >8
7 H.P, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Uttarkhand, A&N Islands & Lakshadweep >7
9 T.N, Karnataka, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, J&K, Sikkim, Tripura, Arunachal Pr. & Assam >6
A.P, M.P, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, UP, W.Bengal & Dadra N.Haveli Jharkhand,
10 Bihar (4.45). <5.98
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5. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
• SSA was launched in 2001-02 for UEE in the country.
• Addresses - access, equity and quality of elementary education.
• Covers - 20 cr children - 13.6 lakh schools - 12.2 lakh habitations.
• SSA aims to provide useful and relevant elementary education to all
children in the age groups of 6-14 years.
• The other objective is to bridge regional, social & gender gaps with the
active participation of community in school management.
• SSA is implemented in partnership with States on a fund sharing
arrangement of 65:35 (90:10 NER). TFC award also supplements it.
• RTE Act 2009 has come into force in 1.04.2010 & Free and Compulsory
Elementary Education is a Fundamental Right of all children in 6-14
years age groups.
• SSA has been harmonized with RTE mandate of norms and standards-
infrastructure, teachers, children’s entitlements etc.
• All the States have notified State Rules under RTE Act.
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6. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
• The XI Plan allocation for SSA was Rs.71,000 cr. However, the actual funds
released to the States was higher at Rs.77,586 cr . The XII Plan has provided
Rs.1,92,726 cr for SSA besides Rs.90,155 cr for Mid-day Meals to provide
nutritional support to children, eliminate classroom hunger and strengthen
school retention under SSA.
Where SSA Rupee Goes?
4 3 2
6
7 37
8
33
Teachers' Salary
Civil Works
Training, capacity building, BRC & CRC.
Text books& uniforms
Grants (TLE, TLM, School Dev., Maintenance, Innovation, Library)
KGBV & NPEGEL- EGS/AIE
MME& Research
IED& Miscellaneous (community mobilisation etc)
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7. What SSA achieved?
• SSA provided
• School buildings - 6.5 lakh Residential Schools - 3640
Add. Classrooms - 18 lakh Drinking Water - 2.3 lakh
• Add. Teachers -19.7 lakh Toilet facilities -7.4 lakh
Cluster Res. Centres - 70, 000 Block Resource Centres 6500
SSA Progress Indicators 2002 2012
1 Access to Primary Schools (<1KM) 87% 99% ↑
Upper Primary Schools(<3KM) 78% 95% ↑
2 Enrolment( Class I-VIII) (million) 159 199 ↑
3 Gross Enrolment Ratio (Class I-VIII) 82% 104% ↑
4 Gender gap in enrolments (%age pts.) 17 1.2 ↓
5 Dropout Rate (Class I-VIII) 55% 41% ↓
6 No. of Out of school children (million) 32 8.1 ↓
7 No. of Child Labour (million) 10.6 5.2 ↓
Since 2004-05, SSA enrolled additional 17mil. children of which, girls
accounted for 75%(13 mil.) and SCs & STs, 60%(10 mil.)

8. Elementary Education-Challenges
•Improving the quality and standards of education in publicly funded
schools.
•Ensuring RTE Act prescribed norms and standards for schools-
meeting residual gaps(DWS-6%, Toilets -16%, Girl’s toilets
35%,Ramps-38%, Boundary walls 45% & additional class rooms.
• Providing professionally qualified, trained, motivated competent
teachers as per norms.
•Enrolling all the OoSC including street children & Children with
Special Needs (CWSN)
•School retention & ensuring children progress through the education
system.
Addressing systemic issues-accountability, untrained teachers(14%),
rational deployment, teacher vacancies(12 lakh) & efficient
management of schools.
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9. Elementary Education: 12th Plan Interventions -Quality
•Strong focus on learning outcomes for good quality
education.
•Ensuring all children acquire basic reading and numeracy
skills by Class 2 and skills of critical thinking, expression and
problem solving by Class 5.
•Teacher Eligibility Tests (TETs) institutionalized and made
mandatory for teacher recruitments.
•A National Mission on Teachers and Teaching to deal with
issues of teacher education in a holistic manner is being
launched.
•Periodic review curriculum and school textbooks by
NCERT/SCERT. Many states have already completed review
of curriculum.
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10. Elementary Education: 12th Plan Interventions
• Provision of atleast 1 year of well supported well resourced, pre-school
education.
• Programmes for learning enhancement including school based
supplemental instruction for disadvantaged children.
• Provision of additional KGBVs in EBBs.
• Residential schools for children in the areas of civil strife, children of
migrating population and tribal children- Seasonal hostels for children of
migrating families.
• Transport/escorts facilities for children - in difficult areas.
• Support to States for children enrolled in private schools (RTE 25% quota).
• Improved teacher training with emphasis on effective pedagogy given the
multi age, multi grade, multi level contexts. Targeted intervention for STS.
• Governance reforms for promoting school education, revisiting land norms
and easing regulations that impede growth of private investments in schools.
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11. Mid Day Meal Scheme
(World’s largest feeding programme covering over 11 crore children in
Government Schools, Aided Schools, local body Schools, Madarsas, EGS, AIE &
NLCP)
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12. 12th Plan :Expected Outcomes
 India achieving a MYS of seven years.
 Regional, Gender and Social gaps in Elementary Education enrollment
bridged & that in Secondary Education substantially reduced.
 GERs in Secondary and Sr. Secondary levels exceed 90% and 65%,
respectively.
 RMSA to become a comprehensive composite scheme for Universalisation of
Secondary Education like SSA for EE.
 National norms set for Universalisation of Secondary Education (USE) in
partnership with private providers as they manage over 60% of secondary
schools.
 Gender gap in Literacy reduced to 10%age points.
 A significant improvement in quality and standards of education in
Government Schools.
 Transparent governance systems and professional management of schools.
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