Methods of Teaching may be categorised into three: Teacher Centered Method Learner Centered Method Equal Participatory Method

1. Dr. Pooja Walia
Assistant Professor
Department of Education
Mizoram University Aizawl

2. Outline of the Presentation
• Methods of teaching
• Classification of Teaching Methods
• Teacher's Centred Methods
• Learner's Centred Methods
• Equal Participatory Methods

3. • Method is a way to transact content to the students. It is a road map
by which learning objectives may achieved. There are various method
used by a teacher in the class.
• Classification of Methods

4. Teacher’s centred methods are those methods in which
teacher plays main role. Teacher is more active rather than
students. e.g.
• Lecture Method
• Lecture cum Board Method
• Deductive Method
• Textbook method

5. Learner’s centred methods are those methods in which
Learner’s plays active role. Learner is more active
rather than teacher. Learning Centred methods are as
follows:
• Project Method
• Problem Solving Method
• Heuristic Method

6. Equal Participatory Method
Some methods are like that in which learner and
teacher play equal role.
• Inductive Deductive Method
• Lecture Cum Discussion Method
• Lecture cum Demonstration Method
• Analytic Synthetic Method

7. When a teacher takes the help of a lengthy short explanation in order to clarify his
ideas or some fact, that explanation is termed as a lecture method. Actually the
lecture method is not a new method, but it is a traditional autocratic method. This
method is used to disseminate the information. Teacher as an expert in his field, he
identify important information for the learner and transmit his knowledge in the
lecture.
The lecture method is recommended for high consensus disciplines–those in which
there is agreement on the fundamental principles and procedures, such as math and
the natural sciences. A lecture can be an effective method for communicating
theories, ideas, and facts to students. Typically a structured presentation, a lecture
should be designed to include certain procedures in order to be effective–
procedures that research and expert lecturers have identified as essential to assist
student learning.

8. The following are the basic advantages of the lecture method:
• It provides an economical and efficient method for delivering substantial amounts
of information to large numbers of student.
• It affords a necessary framework or overview for subsequent learning, e.g.,
reading assignments, small group activities, discussion.
• It offers current information (more up to date than most texts) from many
sources.
• It provides a summary or synthesis of information from different sources.
• It creates interest in a subject as lecturers transmit enthusiasm about their
discipline.
• There are disadvantages to using the lecture method as a primary teaching
method. An effective lecture requires both extensive research and preparation
and effective delivery skills to maintain students’ attention and motivation.

9. There are disadvantages to using the lecture method as a primary teaching
method. An effective lecture requires both extensive research and preparation
and effective delivery skills to maintain students’ attention and motivation. In
addition, the lecture has other drawbacks:
• It does not afford the instructor with ways to provide students with individual
feedback.
• It is difficult to adapt to individual learning differences.
• It may fail to promote active learning unless other teaching strategies, such as
questioning and problem-solving activities, are incorporated into the lecture.
• It does not promote independent learning.

10. Project method is one of the modern method of teaching in which, the
students point of view is given importance in designing the content of
studies. This method is based on the philosophy of Pragmatism and the
principle of ‘Learning by doing’. In this strategy pupils perform
constructive activities in natural condition.The project method is an
educational enterprise in which children solve a practical problem over
a period of several days or weeks.
It may involve building a rocket, designing a playground, or publishing a
class newspaper etc.

11. This teaching strategy is based on the following principles:
Choose those projects which are closer to the
social life.
Involve the learners in finding the solution of
the problem with their active participation.
Learner performs certain tasks and experiences
new things. This adds to his knowledge and results in learning.
It develops the feeling of cooperation and group work.
To involve the knowledge of different
subjects in solving the social problems.

12. According to Kilpatric, “A project is a whole-hearted purposeful activity
proceeding in a social environment. Kilpatric has classified the project method
in four types.
When learners have to construct some things related to social
life. e.g. charts, models, maps, parcels etc.
These projects are generally allotted in the aesthetic fields of life. e.g.
in music, drawing, painting art and culture.
These projects are given to solve the problems related to
any life-situation or related to any subject e.g. how to operate bank accounts?
Or how to send an email or letter. These general problems if solved, will make
a child efficient for social-life.
A team of students is assigned a work to be performed. e.g. to
develop a garden in the school.

13. • It helps in developing social norms and social values among the learners.
• It provides invaluable opportunities for correlation of various elements of the
subject matter and for transfer of training or learning.
• It helps in growing knowledge very effectively as a results of their close
cooperation on social participation in the spirit of democracy.
• The project cannot be planned for all subjects and whole subject matter cannot
be taught by this strategy.
• It is not economical from the point of view of time and cost.
• It is very difficult for a teacher to plan or to execute the projects to the learners
and supervise them.

14. • A child is given some problems
and finds solutions
independently.
• The learner becomes pro-active.

17. Merit

19. • The students acquire knowledge by discovering the facts himself in this
method.
• The problematic situation is raised before students and first comes the
hypothesis then facts.
• The term 'Heuristic' refers to Amstrong who is the exponents of this
strategy.
• It is based on the psychological principle of trial and error.
• Logical and imaginative thinking are prerequisites for this type of
teaching strategy.
• The method is very suitable for the student to increase self-confidence.

20. • Given by Bacon, usually called
the scientific method.
• It is the most natural way of
teaching by going concentrate
on abstract thinking or know to
unknow thinking.
• Promotes divergent thinking.

23. • Aristotle invented this method.
• In this method, a learner learns the formula, laws, and principle first
and applies it on various examples.
• Here the teacher goes from general to specific.
• It saves energy and time for the learner.
• Promotes convergent thinking.

28. M

30. • In this method, the teacher discusses a matter with his pupils.
• It can be formal or informal.
• Students try to dominate through logical argument. They criticize
each other by their own logic.
• The development of leadership quality is one of the main objectives
of this method.
• It develops the ability of tolerance in the students.
• Attitude and aptitude also measure through this method.
• The teacher provides open-ended questions.
• It develops students' expression of power.

31. poojawaliakuk@gmail.com