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Nitroglicerina
Cuprins Structura Generalitati Istoric Proprietati Utilizare Bibliografie
Structura
Generalitati ,[object Object]
Mai estenumitsi  “explozibilululeios a lui Nobel”
Reactia de obtinere,[object Object],[object Object]
Punct de topire: 13,2 °C
Solubilitate în apă: 1500 mg/L la 20 °C
Presiunea gazelor: 3,5·10-4 mbar la 20 °C
Viteza de detonaţie: 6700-8500 m/s
Densitate: 1,599 g/cm³
Bombarea recipentului de experienţă: 520 ml/10 g
Sensibilitate la lovire: 0,2 Nm (0,02 kpm)

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Proiect 10b airineimihalachepopescu

  • 2. Cuprins Structura Generalitati Istoric Proprietati Utilizare Bibliografie
  • 4.
  • 5. Mai estenumitsi “explozibilululeios a lui Nobel”
  • 6.
  • 8. Solubilitate în apă: 1500 mg/L la 20 °C
  • 10. Viteza de detonaţie: 6700-8500 m/s
  • 12. Bombarea recipentului de experienţă: 520 ml/10 g
  • 13. Sensibilitate la lovire: 0,2 Nm (0,02 kpm)
  • 14. Sensibilitate la frecare: până la 36 kp nici o reacţieExplosiv – Daunator Mediului – Toxic
  • 15.
  • 17. Explosiv Nitroglicerina este un element important în fabricarea explozivilor, însă datorită sensibilităţii deosebite la acţiuni mecanice, manipularea ei trebuie făcută cu foarte mare atenţie. Chimistul suedez Alfred Nobel înlătură acest dezavantaj prin transformarea nitroglicerinei în dinamita.Aceasta explodează numai sub influenţa unei capsule de fulmitat de mercur. Ulterior nitroglicerina va fi înlocuită de nitroglicol,acesta având punctul de îngheţ mai scăzut, de -22 °C. Datorită punctului de fierbere mai scăzut, nitroglicolul nu este însă utilizat în ţările calde. Nitroglicerina este în prezent folosită în cantităţi mici la mărirea puterii substanţelor explozive pe bază de salpetru.
  • 18. Medicina Prin acţiunea sa vasodilatatoare este folosit la tratarea crizelor de angină pectorală, insuficienţă cardiacă şi în cazurile acute de infarct cardiac, prin administrare sublinguală. Încă din timpul lui Nobel, nitroglicerina era utlizată sub formă de soluţii alcoolice de diferite concentraţii, Nobel refuzând însă să fie tratat cu acest medicament.
  • 19. Sinteza Nitroglicerina se obţine prin esterificarea glicerinei cu acid azotic concentrat, în prezenţa acidului sulfuric concentrat. Reacţia are loc prin introducerea amestecului de acizi în glicerina răcită, procedându-se astfel deoarece, reacţia fiind puternic exotermă, glicerina poate exploda sub însăşi infuenţa energiei termice dezvoltate în cursul reacţiei. si adaugarea de HCL. De asemenea este folosita in tratamentul fisurilor anale in compozitie de 0,2 % Da rezultate in cazul fisurior necronice.
  • 21. Acest proiect a fost realizat de Airinei Laura Mihalache Mihai Popescu Teodor