Poultry India 2015 - Knowledge Day Technical Seminar - Presentation by Dr. Marcelo Paniago on "Emerging Innovation in Vaccinology"

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Marcelo PANIAGO
Director Global Veterinary Services - Poultry
Ceva Santé Animale
Libourne - France

3.  Evolution of the poultry industry
 New technology vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines
 Conclusion Sponsors
Content of the presentation

4. Evolution poultry industry
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 Protection against mortality
 No post-vaccination reactions
 Reduction of shedding
 Easy to apply
 No interference with MDA
 Long lasting immunity
 Cost effectiveness
 Etc
www.poultry.allotment.org.uk www.engormix.com
 Protection against mortality

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6. Factors of the evolution of the vaccines
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 New diseases
New production systems
New genetics (breeds)
Better understanding of the diseases
New technologies
New requirements from the users
Others

7. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

8. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

9. Immune-complex vaccines
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IBDV
Production in
Embryonated
SPF eggs
Virus suspension
VP2
IBDV vaccine
strain

10. Immune-complex vaccines
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Specific antibodies VPI
(Virus Protecting Factor)
IBDV
+
Production in
Embryonated
SPF eggs
Virus suspension
Production in
SPF chickens
Flocks
antiserum
VP2
IBDV vaccine
strain

11. Advantages & Shortcomings
 No interference with MDAIBDV
 Continuous protection (passive
then active)
 Active immunity protects
against all types of IBDV
 Vaccine virus spreads and
compensate (partly) for sub-
optimal vaccine application
 Administered in the hatcheries
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 Not recommended for layers

12. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

13. Vector “HVT” vaccines
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Non essential
gene
HVT = Vector
HVT
Insertion site
Inserted F
Protein gene
HVT
VECTOR
rHVT-F
NDV
F protein
F protein gene
NDV genome
NDV

14. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Evade maternally derived
antibodies
 Administration in the hatchery
 Cyclical replication in the host
expressing the antigen
 Continuous stimulation of the
immune system.
 Long-lasting immunity (latency)
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 Onset of immunity depends on
the replication of the HVT
 It requires good cold chain
management (Liquid nitrogen)
 Early infection with Marek’s
Disease virus may reduce its
efficacy.

15. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

16. Vector “cassete” vaccines
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Inserted
HA gene
from
H5N1 HPAIV
HVT
Same vector / same construct / different inserts
Inserted
HA gene
from
H7N3 HPAIV
HVT

17. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Very quick response to any
changes in the prevalence of field
virus
 Cyclical replication in the host
expressing the antigen
 Continuous stimulation of the
immune system.
 Long-lasting immunity
 Administration in the hatchery
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 Several regulatory issues that
have to be discussed with
authorities
 Onset of immunity depends on
the replication of the HVT
 Early infection with Marek’s
Disease virus may reduce its
efficacy.
 It requires good cold chain
management (Liquid nitrogen)

18. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

19. Sub-unit vaccines
Sponsors
IBDV
VP2
VP2 gene
IBDV genome
IBDV = Donor
bacteria or yeast

20. Sub-unit vaccines
Sponsors
IBDV
VP2
VP2 gene
IBDV genome
IBDV = Donor
bacteria or yeast

21. Sub-unit vaccines
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IBDV
Variant E
VP2
VP2 gene
IBDV genome
IBDV = Donor
bacteria or yeast
Inactivated vaccine

22. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Possibility to increase the
antigenic mass in the vaccines
(higher titers)
 Reduced cost of production
 Animal welfare friendly
approach
 There is no risk of reversion to
virulence
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 The protective antigen has to be
known.
 It is necessary to use adjuvants
(tissue reactions)
 Immune response is limited to
humoral antibodies
 Individual injection is time
consuming and manpower
demanding

23. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

24. Gene-deleted vaccines
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One or more “non essential” genes for the growth and
immunogenicity but related to the pathogenicity of the
microorganisms are eliminated.

25. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Safer vaccines from pathogenic
microorganisms
 Possible application in the
hatchery or mass application in the
farms
 Do not elicit humoral antibody
response
 Differentiation between
vaccinated and infected animals
(DIVA) strategy
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 Possibility to reverse to
virulence?
 Limited duration of immunity
 Need of revaccinations in the
farms
 Affected by anti-infective
compounds (Salmonella or E.coli).

26. Novel technologies for poultry vaccines
 Immune complex vaccines
 Vector vaccines
 Vector “cassete” vaccines
 Sub-unit vaccines
 Gene-deleted vaccines
 Reverse genetic vaccines

27. Reverse genetic vaccines
Sponsors
SOURCE: Zoetis (Fort Dodge) leaflet

28. Advantages & Shortcomings
 Improve the yield in SPF (or
clean) eggs during the production
of vaccines.
 Possibility of producing vaccines
closer to field virus (H5N1).
 Less risks in case of problems
during inactivation.
 Differentiation between
vaccinated and infected animals
(DIVA) strategy.
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 Interference with MDA in case
of early administration
 Immune response is limited to
humoral antibodies
 Tissue reactions after injection
 Individual administration is time
consuming and manpower
demanding

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30. Vaccine technologies – Duration of immunity
Source: Palya et al. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,158, 105–115, 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
3 4 6 10 15 25 33 40 55 72
%ofprotection
Age of challenge (weeks)
Clinical protection after challenge

31. Vaccine technologies – Duration of immunity
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24 vaccination interventions
14 vaccination interventions

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33. Food for thoughts …
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 The poultry industry is changing extremely quickly
and it has brought new challenges to producers:
Huge production complexes located in very densely
populated areas;
High stocking densities in the farms;
High disease pressure;
Poorly qualified workers,
Pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics
Pressure to improve the welfare etc

34. Food for thoughts …
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 Within this new context, new technology
vaccines will help to overcome these challenges.
 More efficacious and safer vaccines;
 Applied in the hatcheries;
 Long duration of immunity;
 Able to reduce the shedding of the pathogens
 Able to reduce the workload in the farms;
 The poultry vaccines of the future should be
what poultry producers will ask for!

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marcelo.paniago@ceva.com

36. Marcelo Paniago
Ceva Santé Animale - France
Director Global Veterinary Services - Poultry
www. Ceva.com
Email: marcelo.paniago@ceva.com
Phone: +33 668 54 3931
Contact
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