meaning of fire hazards, types of fire,fire triangle,classification of fire,precaution devices,fire extinguisher,types of fire extinguisher, reason of fire hazards,precaution taken in case of fire hazards......important points related to fire hazards..this is very helpful presentation.

1. FIRE
HAZARDS
PRAGYA SHARMA
ROLL NO.-17895
M.PHARMACY,1st YEAR
SUB: PROCESS CHEMISTRY
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. BHAWANA SATI

2. WHAT IS FIRE HAZARDS?
 Conditions that favor fire development or growth.
 Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat.
 Fire hazards usually involve the mishandling of fuel or heat.
 FIRE or combustion is a chemical reaction between oxygen
and a combustible fuel.

3. FIRE TRINGLE
 The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire
needs to ignite:
a- HEAT
b- FUEL
c- OXYGEN
 When heat , fuel , and oxygen combines
together and results in a chemical chain reaction
which starts fire.
The fire extinguishers removing any one of the
elements in the fire triangle.

4. TYPES OF FIRE HAZARDS:
1- ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
2- PROCESS and OPERATION HAZARDS
3- HOUSE HAZARDS
4- STORAGE HAZARDS
5- SMOKING HAZARDS
6- FRICTION HAZARDS

5. 1-ELECTRICAL HAZARDS:
 Damaged wiring.
 Damaged plugs.
 Wet wires.
 Broken switches, sockets.
 Overloaded circuits.
 Liquid near computers.
2- PROCESS and OPERATION RELATED HAZARDS:
 Cutting and welding operations which use open flame and produce
sparks.

6. 3-HOUSE HAZARDS:
 Dry leaves are burn by the sunlight.
 If gas burner not turn off then there is possibility of explosion.
4- STORAGE HAZARDS:
 Flammable or combustible materials stored too
close to heat sources.
 Materials stored in damaged container.
 Materials stored in unlabelled containers.
 Containers not tightly sealed.

7. 5-SMOKING HAZARDS:
 Ignoring “NO SMOKING” signs.
 Smoking around flammable or combustible materials.
 Smoking on bed.
 Smoking in areas where there is an accumulation of
plastic or metal powders that may become explosive.
 Throwing matches or cigarettes or cigars on table or any
other place.
6-FRICTION HAZARDS:
 Choking or jamming materials.
 Poor adjustment of moving parts.

8. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE :
There are 5 classes or types of fires:
1-CLASS A
2-CLASS B
3-CLASS C
4-CLASS D
5-CLASS K

9. 1- CLASS A FIRE:
 Class ‘A’ fires are fires that involve ordinary combustible
materials such as cloth , wood ,paper ,rubber, and many
plastics.
2-CLASS B FIRE:
 Class ‘B’ fires are fires that involve flammable and
combustible liquids such as alcohol, diesel oil, oil-based
paints, lacquers etc. and flammable gases.
3-CLASS C FIRE:
 Class ‘C’ fires are fires that involve energized electrical
equipment.

10. 4- CLASS D FIRE:
 Class ‘D’ fires are fires that involve combustible metals
such as magnesium , titanium, and sodium.
5-CLASS K FIRE:
 Class ‘K’ fires are the fires that involve vegetable oils,
animal oil, or fats in cooking appliances. This is for
commercial kitchens, including those found in restaurants,
cafeterias.

11. FIRE EXTINGUISHER:
Fire can be extinguished by:
 COOLING : the fuel by removing heat (i.e. by applying
water).
 SMOTHERING: by cutting off oxygen supply (e.g. by
application foam , carbon dioxide).
 STARVING: the fire by removing the fuel (e.g. stopping
gas flow during a pipeline fire).
 INHIBITION: by stopping the chain reaction (e.g. by
applying dry chemical powder).

12. TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:
There are five types of fire extinguishers:
1- WATER extinguisher.
2-DRY CHEMICAL /POWDER extinguishers or FOAM extinguisher.
3-CARBON DIOXIDE extinguisher.
4-DRY POWDERS(special) extinguisher.
5-WET CHEMICAL extinguisher.

13. 1- WATER EXTINGUISHERS (CLASS ‘A’):
 It contains water for use against fires involving
ordinary combustibles like paper, wood, cloth and most
plastics.
2-FOAM/DRY POWDER/CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHERS(CLASS ‘B’):
 In this used dry chemicals to put fires caused by oils,
solvents, gasoline, paints, petrol etc.

14. 3- CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHERS(CLASS ‘C’):
 It contains carbon dioxide for use against electrical
fires.
4-DRY POWDER (special) EXTINGUISHERS(CLASS ‘D’):
 Spray dry powders on combustible metals like
magnesium, titanium , sodium, potassium and Al.

15. 5-WET CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER(CLASS ‘K’):
 Use a wet , potassium acetate-based , low pH agent to put out
“working” fires in which there are animal or vegetable oils and
fats.
 Cooking oil can be hazardous if not used properly.
 Vegetable oil can catch fire when it becomes too hot.
 When heating, oils first to start to boil, then will start
smoking, and then they will catch on fire e.g. mustard oil etc.

17. HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

18. FIRE DETECTION DEVICES:
1- SMOKE DETECTOR
2- HEAT DETECTOR
3- FLAME DETECTOR
1- SMOKE DETECTOR:
 It is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
 It is made up of plastic, shaped like a disk about 150 millimeters(6 in) in diameter and
25 millimeters (1 in)thick, but shape and size vary according to the company.
 It gives very quicker response i.e. within 30-50 sec.
 It is faster than heat because it responds to smoke generate very early in fire
development.

19. 2- HEAT DETECTOR:
 It is a fire detector device.
 It detects the fires where there is no smoke activated by
the significant increase of temperature associated with fire.
3- FLAME DETECTOR:
 It is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the
presence of flame and allow flame detection.
 It reacts to the movement of flame.

20. PREVENTION STRATEGY:
1- For Electrical Fires:
 Inspect all wiring, switches, and plugs regularly.
 All outlets, junction boxes, and electrical panels must have
proper cover.
 Do not connect or disconnect electrical cords or wires with wet
hands.
 Do not overload motor or circuits.
 Extension, multiple plug adapters are prohibited.
 Have additional wall outlets installed.

21. 2- For Flammable and Combustible materials:
 The cabinets where flammable liquids should be stored are designed in a way
that prevent an outside fire from reaching the contents for a period of 10-15
minute.
 Containers should be tightly sealed when not in use.
Liquids should be stored in an area where temperature should be stored.
At least one fire extinguisher are placed in the area.
There should be ventilation or exhaust air openings must be arranged to
provide air movement directly to the exterior of the building.
All ignition sources must be eliminated where flammable liquids are used or
stored.
Common ignition sources include: Open flames from cutting and welding ,
matches, heaters, smoking materials, motors, switches, circuit breakers.

22. 3-Gas cylinder:
 Oxygen gas cylinders must be at least 20 feet from flammable and
combustible materials.
Gas cylinder, or any other hazardous materials, cannot be stored in
public hall ways or unprotected area.
Keep valves closed and put caps on cylinders when not in use.

23. 4- Miscellaneous:
 For fire prevention some workshop or any other program should be
organized in which educate the people i.e. students, senior citizens,
landlords, etc. that how to deal with it and prevent fire.
1- FOR STUDENTS: Fire fighters will visit school and teach students the
basis of fire prevention. Workshops should be conducted in school for
educating students for the effects of fires and how to deal with it and
prevent fire.
 2- SENIOR CITIZENS: It is important that seniors have pre-planned
their escape routes and emergency exits.

24.  DON’T PLAY WITH FIRE: It causes many serious problems , hazards and it hurts and
kill many people.

25. THANK YOU