notes

1. Product ideas and
modification

2. Approaches to product design
• Product break down
• Systems Engineering
• Value Engineering
• Value Engineering
• Value Analysis
• Function Analysis
• Quality Function Deployment

3. Elements in Product Design
• Research and Development
• Reverse Engineering
• Manufacturability
• Standardisation
• Modular Design
• Robust Design
• Concurrent Engineering
• Computer Aided Design
• Life Cycle of a product

4. Issues in product design
• Legal, Ethical and Environmental Issues
• Legal- Product Liability, Intellectual property
• Ethical- Impact of product on customer, protection of intellectual
property, privacy, regulation on testing, sustainable technology
• Environmental- Global warming, ozone layer, tropical deforestation,
waste, pollution, resource conservation.

5. Sources of product
• Internal sources
• Research and development; people involved in manufacturing
process; sales people; people involved in management
• External Sources
• Secondary sources; competitors; customers; resellers; foreign
markets;

6. Techniques of product development
• Standardisation
• Simplification
• Specialisation
• Diversification

7. Modifying existing products
• To make customers loyal to the product
• To increase product profit and its growth base by making changes in
the product life cycle by changing looks, fuctionality, features etc
• Economical for the firm
• Make appropriate use of time- less time consuming
• Maintain benefits and brand loyalty
• Optimum utilisation of resources
• Increase market share of the company

8. Strategies of modification
• Research and development
• Accessing customer needs
• Brand extension