1. FINGERPRINT BASED
EVM
M. SAI PRATAP REDDY
(09831A0473)
P. RAGHUVEER REDDY
(09831A0489)
P. SAI PRANAY RAJ
(09831A0491)

2. INTRODUCTION
• The objective of voting is to allow voters to exercise their
right to express their choices regarding specific issues.
• Technology is being used more and more as a tool to assist
voters to cast their votes.
• The two types systems implemented for voting are:
1. Ballot Box 2. EVM
• Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM"), was an idea mooted
by the Chief Election Commissioner in 1977.
• Knowing the disadvantages in the previous methods
the biometric method of voting is being implemented.

3. INTRODUCTION (contd..)
• In the biometric process we are utilizing the fingerprint
authentication of the individual.
• The basic point of this system is to examine the
fingerprint image of an individual and compare it to a
database of the registered fingerprints .
• They provide a quick, easy, efficient, and secure
measure through which, an individual with the exact
authentication can only cast the vote.

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
• POWER SUPPLY
• FINGER PRINT SCANNER (NITGEN FIM)
• MAX 232
• MICRO CONTROLLER
• KEYPAD & CONTROL UNIT
• LCD DISPLAY
• PC INTERFACE
• ALARM / INDICATORS

6. FINGERPRINT SCANNER
• The fingerprint scanner used here
is NITGEN company based which
is the leading manufacturer of
FIM(Fingerprint Identification
Module).
• The methodology involves of
storing the fingerprint images as
database and during voting the
input image is matched using the
database.
• The scanning process can be
explained in detail with the
adjacent diagram.

7. FINGERPRINT SCANNER
FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:
• Optimally designed with SEIR(Surface Enhanced Irregular
Reflection).
• High resolution and endurance(scratches, chemical
corrosion, physical impacts).
• It also has a temperature sensor.
• Working current 100mA.
• Matching mechanisms – (1:1) and (1:N).
• Image acquiring time: < 0.5s ; Image Searching time: 0.9s
• Image template size: 256 bits
• Modes : Storing & Recognition.

8. FINGERPRINT SCANNER
• The techniques used
here are:
1. Extraction algorithm
2. Matching algorithm
• Extraction algorithm
involves:
- Image enhancement,
- Image Analysis,
- Thinning ,
- Ridge reconstruction &
- Minutiae extraction
• A template of this image is created for every fingerprint image
stored in the memory.

9. FINGERPRINT SCANNER
MATCHING ALGORITHM:
The matching algorithm finds out whether there is a match by
comparing two templates extracted by the characteristic point
extraction algorithm, specifically by comparing the positions of
each characteristic point and the structure.

10. MAX 232
• It is 16‐Pin IC known as Voltage
Converter or Line Converter.
• It converts the RS‐232 levels of the
Fingerprint Scanner to the TTL voltage
levels of μC .
• MAX - Maxim Company
232- Series number
• RS Recommended Standard was set by
the Electronic Industries Association
(EIA) in 1960.
• Using DB‐9 (Data Bit) Pin connector,
we’ll connect the MAX‐232 to the
Fingerprint Scanner.
• We can connect two devices at a time to
the MAX‐232.

11. MAX 232
• RS‐232 Voltage levels : • TTL CMOS Levels :
‐3V to ‐25V ------ Logic‐1 Logic +5V ------ Logic‐1
+3V to +25V ------ Logic‐0 Logic 0V ------ Logic‐0

12. POWER SUPPLY

13. POWER SUPPLY
Operation:
• 1. Initially 230 V AC supply is reduced to (0-9V) with the
help of a step down transformer having a capacity of
500mA.
• 2. This low voltage is rectified with the help of bridge
rectifier. The ripples are minimized with the help of
capacitor filter to get a smooth DC supply. The rating of the
chosen capacitor filter is 1000µF
• 3. The regulated DC voltage is obtained by using a regulator
IC 7805
• 4. Another capacitor filter of rating 10µF is connected at the
output of regulator IC to eliminate the voltage oscillations at
the output due to the large voltage oscillations at the input of
the regulator

14. MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52)
• A Micro controller consists of a powerful CPU coupled
with memory, various I/O interfaces such as serial
port, parallel port timer or counter, interrupt controller, data
acquisition interfaces‐ADC, DAC, integrated on to a single
silicon chip.
• If a system is developed with a microprocessor, the designer
has to go for external memory such as
RAM, ROM, EPROM and peripherals.
• But controller is provided all these facilities on a single chip.
Development of a Micro controller reduces PCB size and
cost of design.
• One of the major differences between a Microprocessor and
a Micro controller is that a controller often deals with bits
not bytes as in the real world application.

15. FEATURES of AT89S52
• The AT89S52 is a low‐power, high‐performance CMOS 8‐bit
microcontroller.
• 8K Bytes of In‐y System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
– Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
• 256 x 8‐bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Three 16‐bit Timer/Counters
• Eight Interrupt Sources
• Full Duplex UART Serial Channel (receiver/transmitter: SBUF)
• Low‐power Idle and Power‐down Modes
• Fast Programming Time

16. AT89S52
BLOCK
AND
PIN
DIAGRAM

17. LCD DISPLAY
• The LCD display is used to
display the messages during
the action.
• Here a 16x2 display is used.
Each character is made of
5x7 dot matrix.
• Displays have built in
backlight (blue or green
diodes).

18. KEYPAD & CONTROL UNIT
• Here we have a keypad and a control unit as in the
normal EVM’s.
• The keypad is used to select a candidate from the
given list of voter’s choice.
• The control unit consists of the enable key and also
to select the master (or) normal mode.
• During registration to create the database we use a
master mode.
• For vote casting the individual has to cast his vote
in the normal mode.
• To avoid illegal and invalid votes we use a buzzer
as an indicator.

19. PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION

20. PROCEDURE FOR CASTING VOTE

21. ADVANTAGES:
• Rigging of votes can be avoided.
• Preserves voting secrecy due to fingerprint
authentication.
• No scope of invalid and illegal votes.
• Highly tamper – proof.
• Facilitates quick and accurate
counting, possible to declare results
instantaneously

22. ..THANK YOU..