EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER * Definition of computer * History of computer * Generations of computer

1. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

2. Welcome

3. • Definition of computer1
• Computer History2
• Computer Generations3
TOPICS :

4. Definition of Computer
• Computer is a programmable machine.
• Computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of
instructions.
• Computer is any device which aids humans in performing various kinds
of computations or calculations.
Three principles characteristic of computer:
•It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
•It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions.
•It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

5. Tally Sticks
A tally stick was an ancient memory aid
device to record a document numbers,
quantities, or even messages.

6. Abacus
•An abacus is a mechanical device
used to aid an individual in
performing mathematical
calculations.
•The abacus was invented in
Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
•The abacus in the form we are
most familiar with was first used in
China in around 500 B.C.
•It used to perform basic arithmetic
operations.
Earlier Abacus
Modern Abacus

7. Napier’s Bones
•Invented by John Napier in 1614.
•Allowed the operator to
multiply, divide and calculate
square and cube roots by moving
the rods around and placing them
in specially constructed boards.
John Napier
Napier’s Bones

8. • Invented by William Oughtred in1622.
• Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms.
• Used primarily for
–multiplication
–division
–roots
–logarithms
–Trigonometry
• Not normally used for addition
or subtraction.
Slide Rule
Slide Rule

9. Pascaline
•Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
•It was its limitation to addition and
subtraction.
•It is too expensive.
Stepped Reckoner
•Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in
1672.
•The machine that can add, subtract, multiply
and divide automatically.
Pascaline

10. First Computer Programmer
•In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to Babbage that
he use the binary system.
•She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.
Scheutzian Calculation Engine
•Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.
•Based on Charles Babbage's difference engine.
•The first printing calculator.
Augusta Ada Byron
Scheutzian Calculation Engine

11. Tabulating Machine
•Invented by Herman Hollerithin 1890.
•To assist in summarizing information and accounting.
Havard Mark 1
•Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC).
•Invented by Howard H. Aikenin 1943
•The first electro-mechanical computer.
Z1
•The first programmable computer.
•Created by Konrad Zusein Germany from 1936 to
1938.
•To program the Z1 required that the user insert punch
tape into a punch tape reader and all output was also
generated through punch tape.

12. Atanasoff-Berry Computer(ABC)
•It was the first electronic digital computing device.
•Invented by Professor John Atanasoffand graduate student Clifford Berry
at Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942.
ENIAC
•ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
•It was the first electronic general-purpose computer.
•Completed in 1946.
•Developed by John Presper Eckertand John W. Mauchl.
UNIVAC 1
•The UNIVAC I(UNI Versal Automatic Computer1) was the
first commercial computer.
•Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

13. The First Portable Computer
•Osborne 1–the first portable
computer.
•Released in 1981 by the Osborne
Computer Corporation.
The First Computer Company
•The first computer company was the
Electronic Controls Company.
•Founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert
and John Mauchly.

14. ?
But wait…
There’s More!

15. GenerationOF COMPUTER

16. Computer Generations

17. First generation computers
These computers were named Eniac, Edvac, and Univac. These computers were
made of vaccum tubes way back in 1945-55. They were huge in size and very costly
to maintain.
Second generation computers
These computers developed after 1955, had transistors in the place of vaccum
tubes. Trasistors were more reliable, much cheaper and smaller. This generation had
more computing power, were smaller in size, easier to maintain and were more
affordable than the previous generation.
Third generation computers
These computers developed in the 1960’s, used integrated circuits. The trasistors
were miniaturised and kept on silicon chips called the semiconductors which
drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

18. Fourth generation computers
These were developed in the 1970’s and used
microprocessors or chips. The microprocessors were
smaller than a postage stamp and had tremendous
computing capabilities.
Fifth generation computers
These were developed in 1980’s and used the concept
of Artificial intelligence. The different types of fifth
generation computers are Desktop, notebook or
laptop, palmtop, server, Mainframe and Super
Computer.
•Desktop computers are based on IC’s.
•Notebook or laptop computer is same as desktop but
can be carried around.
•Palmtop is a miniature version of notebook with
limited capabilities.
•Server is a powerful version of desktop capable of
catering to various applications in a network
environment.
• Mainframe is a powerful version of server and is
capable of handling huge applications and data
processing.
•Super computer has multiprocessors to perform
typical scientific applications that need trillions of
information per second while processing.

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