presentation on on recent judgment of supreme court in drugs act

2. How Laws are born
• Acts/Rules Passed by Legislature/Parliament
• Customary Rights
• Precedents ( Judge Made Law)
• Article 141 of Indian Constistitution

3. ARTICLE 142 OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
The Supreme Court in the exercise of its
jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such
order as is necessary for doing complete justice
in any cause or matter pending before it, and
any decree so passed order so made shall be
enforceable throughout the territory of India in
such manner as may be prescribed by or under
any law made by Parliament and, until
provision in that behalf is so made, in such
manner as the President may by
order prescribe

4. J U D G M E N T
• IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
• NO.200 OF 2020
• UNION OF INDIA ... APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
• ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA AND OTHERS ...
RESPONDENT(S)

5. Directions 1
• In regard to cognizable offences under
Chapter IV of the Act, in view of Section 32 of
the Act and also the scheme of the CrPC, the
Police Officer cannot prosecute offenders in
regard to such offences. Only the persons
mentioned in Section 32 are entitled to do the
same.

6. Directions 2
• There is no bar to the Police Officer, however,
to investigate and prosecute the person where
he has committed an offence, as stated under
Section 32(3) of the Act, i.e., if he has
committed any cognizable offence under any
other law

7. Direction 3
• Having regard to the scheme of the CrPC and
also the mandate of Section 32 of the Act and
on a conspectus of powers which are available
with the Drugs Inspector under the Act and
also his duties, a Police Officer cannot register
a FIR under Section 154 of the CrPC, in regard
to cognizable offences under Chapter IV of the
Act and he cannot investigate such offences
under the provisions of the CrPC.

8. Direction 4
• Having regard to the provisions of Section
22(1)(d) of the Act, we hold that an arrest can
be made by the Drugs Inspector in regard to
cognizable offences falling under Chapter IV of
the Act without any warrant and otherwise
treating it as a cognizable offence. He is,
however, bound by the law as laid down in
D.K. Basu (supra) and to follow the provisions
of CrPC

9. Direction 5
• It would appear that on the understanding that
the Police Officer can register a FIR, there are
many cases where FIRs have been registered in
regard to cognizable offences falling under
Chapter IV of the Act. We find substance in the
stand taken by learned Amicus Curiae and direct
that they should be made over to the Drugs
Inspectors, if not already made over, and it is for
the Drugs Inspector to take action on the same in
accordance with the law. We must record that we
are resorting to our power under Article 142 of
the Constitution of India in this regard.

10. Direction 6
• Further, we would be inclined to believe that in a
number of cases on the understanding of the law
relating to the power of arrest as, in fact,
evidenced by the facts of the present case, police
officers would have made arrests in regard to
offences under Chapter IV of the Act. Therefore,
in regard to the power of arrest, we make it clear
that our decision that Police Officers do not have
power to arrest in respect of cognizable offences
under Chapter IV of the Act, will operate with
effect from the date of this Judgment.

11. Direction 7
• We further direct that the Drugs Inspectors,
who carry out the arrest, must not only report
the arrests, as provided in Section 58 of the
CrPC, but also immediately report the arrests
to their superior Officers.

12. 41A. Notice of appearance before
police officer
• (1) The police officer shall], in all cases where the arrest of a person is not required
under the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 41, issue a notice directing the
person against whom a reasonable complaint has been made, or credible
information has been received, or a reasonable suspicion exists that he has
committed a cognizable offence, to appear before him or at such other place as
may be specified in the notice.
•
(2) Where such a notice is issued to any person, it shall be the duty of that person
to comply with the terms of the notice.
•
(3) Where such person complies and continues to comply with the notice, he shall
not be arrested in respect of the offence referred to in the notice unless, for
reasons to be recorded, the police officer is of the opinion that he ought to be
arrested.
•
(4) Where such person, at any time, fails to comply with the terms of the notice or
is unwilling to identify himself, the police officer may, subject to such orders as
may have been passed by a competent Court in this behalf, arrest him for the
offence mentioned in the notice.]

13. Section 41. When police may arrest
without warrant
• (1) Any police officer may without an order from a Magistrate and without a warrant, arrest any
person--
1[(a) who commits, in the presence of a police officer, a cognizable offence;
(b) against whom a reasonable complaint has been made, or credible information has been
received, or a reasonable suspicion exists that he has committed a cognizable offence punishable
with imprisonment for a term which may be less than seven years or which may extend to seven
years whether with or without fine, if the following conditions are satisfied, namely:--
(i) the police officer has reason to believe on the basis of such complaint, information, or suspicion
that such person has committed the said offence;
(ii) the police officer is satisfied that such arrest is necessary--
(a) to prevent such person from committing any further offence; or
(b) for proper investigation of the offence; or
(c) to prevent such person from causing the evidence of the offence to disappear or tampering with
such evidence in any manner; or
(d) to prevent such person from making any inducement, threat or promise to any person
acquainted with the facts of the case so as to dissuade him from disclosing such facts to the Court
or to the police officer; or
(e) as unless such person is arrested, his presence in the Court whenever required cannot be
ensured,
and the police officer shall record while making such arrest, his reasons in writing:
2[Provided that a police officer shall, in all cases where the arrest of a person is not required under
the provisions of this sub-section, record the reasons in writing for not making the arrest.]

14. Section 41. When police may arrest
without warrant
• (ba) against whom credible information has been received that he has committed
a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend
to more than seven years whether with or without fine or with death sentence
and the police officer has reason to believe on the basis of that information that
such person has committed the said offence;]
(c) who has been proclaimed as an offender either under this Code or by order of
the State Government; or
(d) in whose possession anything is found which may reasonably be suspected to
be stolen property and who may reasonably be suspected of having committed an
offence with reference to such thing; or
(e) who obstructs a police officer while in the execution of his duty, or who has
escaped, or attempts to escape, from lawful custody; or
(f) who is reasonably suspected of being a deserter from any of the Armed Forces
of the Union; or
(g) who has been concerned in, or against whom a reasonable complaint has been
made, or credible information has been received, or a reasonable suspicion exists,
of his having been concerned in, any act committed at any place out of India
which, if committed in India, would have been punishable as an offence, and for
which he is, under any law relating to extradition, or otherwise, liable to be
apprehended or detained in custody in India; or

15. POWER TO ARREST UNDER THE ACT
• One of the reliefs which is sought by the first
respondent-writ petitioner was a direction not to
arrest him. The Act does not expressly confer upon the
Inspector the power to arrest. This brings up the issue,
therefore, of the person empowered to arrest. 73.
Perusal of Section 36AC of the Act makes it clear that
arrest is contemplated under the Act. Conditions have
been imposed for grant of bail as enacted in Section
36AC which we have already referred. If the Inspector
under the Act has no authority to carry out the arrest,
there cannot be a situation where arrest is in the
contemplation of the law giver and yet there is no
person who can effectuate that arres

16. D.K. Basu Guidelines
• • The police officials who carry out the arrest or
interrogation should wear clear, accurate and visible
identification and name tags with their designations
• • A memo of arrest should be prepared at the time of
arrest and should include the time and date of arrest. It
should also be attested by at least one witness who
could include a family member of the person arrested.
The arrest memo should be countersigned by the
person arrested.
• • The person arrested, detained or being interrogated
has a right to inform a relative, friend or a well wisher.
• • When a friend or relative lives outside the district,
the time, place of arrest and venue of custody must be
notified by police within 8 to 12 hours after arrest.

17. Arnesh Kumar Guidelines or Arnesh
Kumar vs State of Bihar
• stating arrests should be an exception, in cases where the
punishment is less than seven years of imprisonment.
• The guidelines asked the police to determine whether an
arrest was necessary under the provisions of Section 41 of
the (CrPC).
• Police officers have a responsibility to guarantee that the
principles established by the Supreme Court in its
numerous decisions are followed by the investigating
officers.
• Before authorising further detention, the judicial
magistrate must read the police officer's report and make
sure they are satisfied
• Medical Certificate & Check Memo
.