Living fossils

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Pankaj Kukreti

These slide include Living fossils animal & plants with their respective animal diagram

Educación

What Are Living Fossils ?
A living fossil is a living species
of organism that appears to be
similar to a species otherwise known
only from fossils

Alligator Snapping
Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii)

Crocodilia (crocodiles, gavials
and alligators)

Pig-nosed turtle
(Carettochelys insculpta)

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ORIGIN OF CHORDATES Animal kingdom is basically divided into two sub kingdoms: Non-chordata- including animals without notochord. Chordata- This comprising animals having notochord or chorda dorsalis. Chordates were evolved sometime 500 million years ago during Cambrian period (invertebrates were also began to evolve in this period) . Chamberlain (1900) pointed out that all modern chordates possess glomerular kidneys that are designed to remove excess water from body. It is believed that Chordates have originated from invertebrates. It is difficult to determine from which invertebrate group the chordates were developed. Chordate ancestors were soft bodied animals. Hence they were not preserved as Fossils. However, early fossils of chordates have all been recovered from marine sediments and even modern protochordates are all marine forms. Also glomerular kidneys are also found in some marine forms such as myxinoids and sharks. That makes the marine origin of chordates more believable. Chordates evolved from some deuterostome ancestor (echinoderms, hemichordates, pogonophorans etc.) as they have similarities in embryonic development, type of coelom and larval stages. Many theories infers origin of chordates, hemichordates and echinoderms from a common ancestor.

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Introduction Ostracoderms (shell-skinned) are of several groups of extinct, primitive, jawless fishes that were covered in an armour of bony plates. They appeared in the Cambrian, about 510 million years ago, and became extinct towards the end of the Devonian, about 377 million years ago. They were quite abundant during the upper Silurian and Devonian periods. Most of fossils of Ostracodermi were preserved in the bottom sediments of freshwater streams. However, the opinion is sharply divided as to whether their habitat was freshwater or marine. The first fossil fishes that were discovered were ostracoderms. The Swiss anatomist Louis Agassiz received some fossils of bony armored fish from Scotland in the 1830s. The ostracoderms resembled the present day cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes) in many respects and together with them constitute a special group of jawless vertebrates, the Agnatha. Characteristics: They use gills exclusively for respiration but not for feeding . Earlier chordates with gills used them for both respiration and feeding. Ostracoderms had separate pharyngeal gill pouches along the side of the head, which were permanently open with no protective operculum. mostly small to medium-sized fishes, protected by a heavy, bony dermal (derived from skin) armor. bottom-dwellers; filter-feeders or grazers. no paired fins, but many with stabilizing paired flaps on either side of head. (1) Ostracoderms were the first vertebrates. (2) They were popularly called armoured fishes. (4) They lived in freshwater. (5) They were bottom dwellers. (6) Their body was fish-like and did not exceed 30 cm in size. (7) Paired fins were absent. (8) Median and caudal fins were present. (9) The caudal fin was of heterocercal type. (10) The head and thorax were covered by heavy armour of bones. It protected ostracoderms from the giant scorpion like arthropods, eurypterids. (11) Bony skull was well developed. (12) Mouth was mostly present on the ventral side. (13) They were having large number of gill slits. (14) The nervous system had 10 pairs of cranial nerves. (15) The head had a pair of lateral eyes, and a median pineal eye. (16) They were filter feeders, feeding like a vacuum cleaner. (17) The endoskeleton was either bony or cartilaginous.

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are worm-like parasites. The clinically relevant groups are separated according to their general external shape and the host organ they inhabit. There are both hermaphroditic and bisexual species. The definitive classification is based on the external and internal morphology of egg, larval, and adult stages. Helminth is a general term meaning worm. The helminths are invertebrates characterized by elongated, flat or round bodies. In flatworms or platyhelminths (platy from the Greek root meaning “flat”) include flukes and tapeworms. Roundworms are nematodes (nemato from the Greek root meaning “thread”).

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Living fossils

1. Living Fossil’s By Pankaj Kukreti

2. What Are Living Fossils ? A living fossil is a living species of organism that appears to be similar to a species otherwise known only from fossils

3. Amborella

4. Araucaria araucana

5. Cycas

6. Ginkgo

7. Horsetails

8. Metasequoia

9. Sciadopitys

10. Whisk ferns

11. Welwitschia

12. Wollemia

13. Neolecta

14. Aardvark

15. Amami rabbit

16. Elephant shrew

17. Chevrotain

18. Laotian Rock Rat

19. Monito del Monte

20. Monotremes

21. Mountain beaver

22. Okapi

23. Opossums

24. Capybara

25. Pygmy right whale

26. Red Panda

27. Solenodon

28. Shrew Opossum

29. Pelicans

30. Acanthisittidae

31. Broad-billed Sapayoa

32. Bearded Reedling

33. Coliiformes

34. Hoatzin

35. Magpie Goose

36. Seriema

37. Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii)

38. Crocodilia (crocodiles, gavials and alligators)

39. Pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta)

40. Tuatara

Living fossils

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Living fossils