Project Tiger and Project Gir Lion are wildlife conservation programs in India that focus on single species and their habitats. Project Tiger, started in 1973, aims to protect tigers and increase their population in tiger reserves. It helped increase tigers from 1,200 to 3,500 but the population later dropped to 1,411. Project Gir Lion, started in 1965, focuses on the last wild population of Asiatic lions in Gir Forest. It has increased lions from 285 to over 500. Both projects use technologies like mapping and GIS modeling to monitor populations and habitats.

1. SINGLE SPECIES,SINGLE
HABITAT
CONSERVATION
PROGRAMMES

3. CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom Animalia
 Phylum Chordate
 Subphylum : Vertebrate
 Class: Mammalia
 Order: Carnivora
 Family: Felidae
 Genus: Panthera
 Species: P. Tigris

4.  PROJECT TIGER IS A WILDLIFE
CONSERVATION MOVEMENT
INITIATED IN INDIA IN 1973 TO
PROTECT TIGER,IT HAS BEEN ONE
OF OUR MOST SUCCESSFUL
COSERVATION VENTURES IN
RECENT TIMES.
 THE PROJECT AIMS AT THE TIGER
CONSERVATION ESPECIALLY IN
‘TIGER RESERVES’ WHICH ARE
REPRESENTATIVES OF VARIOUS BIO
GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS FALLING
WITHIN INDIA.
 THE PROJECT AIMS AT STABLIZING
THE POPULATION OF THE TIGER IN
THE COUNTRY.
PROJECT TIGER

5. GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES THE PROJECT TIGER WAS MEANT TO
INDENTIFY THE LIMITING FACTORS AND
TO MITIGATE THEM USING SUITABLE
MANAGEMENT.
 THE DAMAGES DONE TO THE HABITAT
WERE TO BE RECTIFIED SO AS TO
FACILITATE THE RECOVERY OF THE
ECOSYSTEM TO THE MAXIMUM
POSSIBLE EXTENT.
 IT STRIVES TO MAINTIAN A VIABLE
TIGER POPULATIONIN THE NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT.

6. FACTS FILE
 IN 2008 THERE WRE MORE THAN 40
PROJECT TIGER RESERVES COVERING
AN AREA OF 37,761 sq km.
 PROJECT TIGER HELPED TO INCREASE
THE POPULATION OF THESE TIGERS
FROM 1,200 IN THE 1970s TO 3,500 IN
1990s.
 HOWEVER A SERVEY DONE IN 2008
SHOWED THAT THE POPULATION OF
TIGERS HAVE DROPPPED TO 1,411.

7. HABITATS BEING COVERED
The potential tiger habitats being covered are:
•Sivalik– Terai Conservation Unit
(UTTRANCHAL, UP, BIHAR & WEST
BANGAL) & NEPAL
•North east Conservation Unit
•SUNDARBANS Conservation Unit
•Central Indian Conservation Unit
•Eastern Ghat Conservation Unit
•Western GHAT Conservation Units

8. TECHNOLOGY USED
'Tiger Atlas of India' and a 'Tiger Habitat
and Population Evaluation System' for the
country is being developed using state-of-
the-art technology.
This involves:-
•Mapping, data acquisition and
GIS modeling
•Field data collection and
validation
•Data Maintenance,
dissemination and use

9. GIS MODELING
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has revolutionized the world of mapping. GIS
allows us to link endless amounts of information to a specific geographic location and helps
us answer questions and solve problems by looking at data in a way that is quickly
understood and easily shared. GIS does this by organizing information into categories and
then placing each category in a separate map layer. The layers are then overlaid to
produce a composite map showing the relationship between the layers.
GIS can help inform the decisions that planners either make or help their local decision-
makers to make.
 The following is a short list of planning functions that can use GIS to enhance decision
making:
 Zoning and land use planning
 Crime analysis and prevention
 Traffic analysis
 Issuing of permits
 Code inspection and enforcement
 Natural resource management and environmental assessment
 Demographic analysis
 Emergency management planning and disaster recovery
 Public health and healthcare access
 Tax assessment and collection
 Parks and open space planning
 Transportation and public transit planning
 Historic preservation
 Planning applications of GIS can be organized into three categories: planning, operations,
and public information.

10. ORGANIZATION
•Project Tiger is administrated by
the NATIONAL TIGER
CONSERVATION AUTHORITY
•The overall administration of the
project is monitored by a Steering
Committee.
•A Field Director is appointed for
each reserve, who is assisted by the
field and technical personnel. At the
centre, a full-fledged Director of the
project coordinates the work for the
country

11. CURRENT STATUS OF TIGER IN INDIA
•India holds over half the
world's tiger population.
•According to the latest
tiger census report released
on March 28, 2011 by the
National Tiger Conservation
Authority, the current tiger
population estimated is
1,706 (i.e. ranging between
a minimum of 1,571 to a
maximum of 1,875).
•The results include figures
from 17 Indian states with a
tiger population

13. GRADING THE TIGER RESERVES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
N
am
dapha
N
STR
Valm
ikiPakke
KM
TRBhadraN
am
eriD
am
pa
BuxaBandipurPeriyarSim
lipalPalam
au
Sundarbans
PercentofMaximumScore
Very good Score >135 (>75%) Maximum Score = 180
Good Score 108 – 134 (>60 - <75 %)
Satisfactory Score 72 – 107 (40 - <60 %)
Poor Score <72 (<40 %)

14. PENALTIES
A general offence under the Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972, attracts a maximum
sentence of three years imprisonment or a
fine which may extend to Rs. 25,000 or
both.
An offence involving a species listed in
Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II, or an
offence committed within a sanctuary or
natural park, attracts a mandatory prison
term of three years, which may extend to
seven years.
There is also a mandatory fine of at least
Rs. 10,000. For a subsequent offence, the
prison term remains the same, while the
mandatory fine is at least Rs.25,000.

15. WORLD TIGER POPULATION

16. SUCCESS RATE OF PROJECT TIGER
•It was merely months back when the
Indian government pulled up their
socks and did a census revealing a
staggering low number of 1411 tigers
left in open.
•All the media and eco-
conservationists turned their heads
towards India and started a campaign
“Project Tiger” dedicating the year
2010 to the Tiger savior year.
•In 2011 statement by Jayaram
Ramesh, member of Indian cabinet,
declared good signs with the tiger
population of 1700+

17. WPSI'S TIGER POACHING STATISTICS
The WILDLIFE PROTECTION SOCIETY OF INDIA (WPSI) found the following statistics
about the poaching of tigers in in INDIA since 1994 -:
95 cases of tigers known to have been killed in 1994
121 tigers killed in 1995
52 tigers killed in 1996
88 tigers killed in 1997
39 tigers killed in 1998
81 tigers killed in 1999
52 tigers killed in 2000
72 tigers killed in 2001
46 tigers killed in 2002
38 tigers killed in 2003
38 tigers killed in 2004
46 tigers killed in 2005
37 tigers killed in 2006
27 tigers killed in 2007
29 tigers killed in 2008
32 tigers killed in 2009
30 tigers killed in 2010
13 tigers killed in 2011

20. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordate
Subphylum : Vertebrate
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Sub Family Pantherinae
Genus P. Leo Persica

21. PROJECT GIR LION
 Project Gir Lion established in1965
 Nawab Sir Muhammad Rasul Khanji Babi
declared Gir as a "protected" area in
1900..
 Total area of 1,412 km2 (545 sq mi) (about
258 km2 (100 sq mi) for the fully protected
area the national park .
 1,153 km2 (445 sq mi) for the Sanctuary),
the park is located 43 km (27 mi) north-
east ofSomnath, 65 km (40 mi) south-east
of Junagadh and 60 km (37 mi) south-west
of Amreli.
 Main objective of this project to
organization of the asiatic lions.

22. OBJECTIVES AND GOALS
 Asiatic lions,
rescued from near
extinction, now
need a new home.
 Last of the world's
Asiatic lions
clawing their way
back.
 Plea to protect
Asiatic lions.

23. HISTORY
 The forest area of Gir were the hunting
grounds of the Nawabs of Junagadh.
 Faced with a drastic drop in the lion
population in Gir, Nawab Sir Muhammad
Rasul Khanji Babi declared Gir as a
"protected" area in 1900.
 His son, Nawab Muhammad Mahabat
Khan III later assisted in the conservation
of the lions whose population had
plummeted to only 20 through slaughter
for trophy hunting.

24. WORK
DONE
 The 1,600 km area is
secured as national park
for gir lions.
 In 1963 with 285 lions the
populations reached to
523 lions in 2015.
 PROJECT GIR LION is one
of most succesfull project.
 Sasan gir park is the big
hub of Asiatic lion in the
Asia.

25. TECHNOLOGY
USED
•Mapping, data
acquisition and
GIS modeling
•Field data
collection and
validation
•Data
Maintenance,
dissemination
and use.

26. CURRENT STATUS OF ASIAN
LIONS
 . In 2015, the population has been
523 (27% up compared to previous
census in 2010).
 The population was 411 in 2010
and 359 in 2005. The population of
lions in Junagadh District has been
268.
 At present there are 109 males,
201 females and 213 young/cubs.
 But still The Asiatic lion is a
protected species in India and is
considered "endangered" by the
International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

27. GRAPH DATA

28. ORGANIZATION
 PROJECT GIR LIONS administrated by the
Gujarat State Wildlife Board (GSWF), and
Government of India and other private
NGO(prakurti).
 The overall administration of the project is
monitored by national and state government
steering committee.
 A Field Director is appointed for the national
park by government of India.
 The Asiatic lion is a protected species in India
and is considered "endangered" by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN).

29. PENALTIES offence under the Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972,
attracts a maximum
sentence of three years
imprisonment or a fine
which may extend to Rs.
25,000 or both.
An offence involving a
species listed in Schedule I
or Part II of Schedule II, or
an offence committed
within a sanctuary or
natural park, attracts a
mandatory prison term of
three years, which may
extend to seven years.
 There is also a mandatory
fine of at least Rs. 10,000.
For a subsequent offence,
the prison term remains
the same, while the
mandatory fine is at least
Rs.25,000.

30. CONSEQUENCES
 Lion show family behavior ,they have their own
troop with dominating male with other female
lions and young ones.
 Therefore they have their own territory.
 Almost 100 of lions lives outside of secured
area of park.
 Near the 6 km range area of park villages are
there.
 Normally the lions doesn’t attack humans but
sometimes they come to hunt domestic animals.

31. ~ Measures Taken & Govt
& NGO’s ~
 Wildlife Conservation Trust are the first NGO to sign
MoU with the Forest Department to barricade Open
Wells. In association with other NGOs and Corporate,
they have completed barricading 781 Wells.
 Currently WCT are working with TATA Chemicals Ltd,
‘Lions of Gir Foundation – USA’ by US citizen Mr. Steve
Mandel and Vanishing Herds Foundation for barricading
more wells.
 Along similar lines to the Sunder bans Tiger Project
that DSWF supported through emergency funding in
2001, DSWF is now providing funds to help train and
equip the forest guards as well as sponsoring research
carried out by the Wildlife Trust of India.
 Recent funding has helped enhance the capacity of the
frontline field staff by training them in wildlife crime
prevention techniques to ensure that they are better
prepared to tackle the crisis.

32. CROCODILE BREEDING PROJECT

33. Classification
Scientific
Name
Crocodylus
Porosus
Phylum Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Superorder: Crocodylomorpha
Order: Crocodylia
Superfamily: Crocodyloidea
Family: Crocodylidae

34. CROCODILE BREEDING PROJECT
 First crocodile breeding project
programme was implements in odisha
in 1975.
 All three species of crocodiles
1.(Gharial,Gavialis,gangeticus,mugger)
 2.Crocodylus Palustris.
 3.Saltwater crocodile.
 This project enactment of the wildlife
protection act 1972.

35. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
 To protect the remaining population
of crocodiles in their natural habitat
by creating sancturies.
 To rebuild natural population quickly
throw grow and release or rear or
release technique involving.
 To promote capative breeding.
 To take up research to improve
management.

36. Reproduction
 Breeding season for crocodiles usually begins
in late September.
 In captivity the breeding season begins in
August
 During this time, the cross, male and female
both, become very aggressive and territorial
 There are generally between 40-60 laid eggs
 Eggs hatch 65-95 days later after laid
 Not many eggs survive due to floods
and predators
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/saltwater-crocodile/

37. WHY TO ESTABLISH
THIS PROJECT ?
 Many eggs don’t survive because
are preyed by other animals .
 They are on the top of the food
chain, so little to worry about !!
 Second thing humans regard them as
a threat to humans and live stock.
 Other side they hunt them for illegal
hunting for leather.

38. PROJECT SITE IN ODISHA
 In 1976 in odisha the crocodile
conducted in river system of
bhitakanika area and mahanadi .
 The gharials, crocodiles, mugger
capative breeding done here.
 Main objective of building the
population of sighting be 5 to 6
crocodiles per km length in water.

39. Baula Project at Dangamal
 ‘Baula’ is the oriya terms which
means saltwater crocodile.
 At dangmal in bhitarkanika
sanctuary salt water crocodile eggs
has been collected locally and young
ones released in creeks or estuaries.
 MUGGER PROJECT AT RAMATIRTHA
 Started in 1984 mainly care and rare
the mugger and then released.

40.  GHARIAL PROJECT AT TIKARPADA
 Eggs areobtained from different
points from narayni,kali rivers in
nepal and chambal,rajasthan and M.P
and U.P.
 One assessments of the rear and
released operation in respect of
gharials.in december 1987 when 25
gharials were found to be surviving
the entire stretch of the river
 After that from 2003 the survey done
to increase the population of gharials
near river side.

41. ORGANIZATION
 The UNDP/FAO and government of
India proceed or funding this project.
 The government of India establish the
breeding center .
 There is a national madras
herpetology center for crocodile
breeding.