a detail & easy description about the asthi sharira in Ayurveda, which covers all parameters & create a clear vision of bones. this ppt provides all information & deep knowledge about the human asthi sharira.

1. Asthi Sharira
Dr.Priyanka Poonia
Assistant Professor
Rachana Sharira dept.
NAMC, Agra

2.  अस्यते इतत अतस्ि |
 अस्यते- अस धातु + तििन प्रत्यय =अतस्ि
 It is a hard substance which remains left even after most part
of body has been decayed.
 अस्यते, तिप्यते यत् अतस्ि | (हलायुध् िोष)
 According to “Halayush kosa”, it is substance of body which
remains till last and is in whole body.
Vyutapti of
term Asthi

3.  अस्यते अस तििनमासाभ्यन्तरस्िे हाड इतत | (शब्दस्तोम)
 According to Shabdastomkara- it is part of body which remains
till long period even after death of body. “Hada” is synonym of
Asthi.
 तस्िरितिनअवलंबन धातु: शरीरस्य यत्र प्रततवधयन्ते मांस पश्येयन्ता स्नायवश्च |(प्रत्यिशारीरम्)
 Asthi is hard and stable Dhatu which gives support to Mamsa,
Peshi and Snayu .
Introduction
Vyutapti of
term Asthi

4.  शरीरधारणविषयेऽस्थ्ाां प्राधान्यां दशशयन््ाह-
भिन्न्ि चात्रेत्यादद अत्रान्स्थ्|| (सु.शा.5/21)
यथा दह सारो िृक्षस्य तिष्ठत्यभ्यन्िराश्रििः|
एिमस्थीत् जन्िू्ाां, शरीरां श्रियिे िु िः’ इति िा.|(सु.शा.5/23)
According to Acharya Susruta Asthi provides supports to other
structural elements of the body as like wooden extracts bears the
whole trees.
Introduction

5.  िस्मान्चचर वि्ष्टेषु त्िङमाांसेषुशरीररणाम्|
अस्थीत् ् वि्श्यन्न्ि साराण्येिात् देदह्ाम् | (सु.शा.5/22)
 Again Susruta said it is substance which remains even
after else very part like flesh, muscles etc. are shattered
even after burying the body after death. It remains as last
identity of person even after demise.
Introduction

6. Synonymous
Following synonyms are used for Asthi
स्यात्कर्शरः कर्ालोऽस्त्री कीकसां क
ु ल्यमन्स्थ च | (अमरकोश 3/68)
 Keekasa = hard, firm.
 Kulyam = a bone.
 Kapala = the skull, cranium, skull bone.
 Astri = not feminine, masculine.
 Medojam = which is produced from meda

7. रसाद्रक्िां ििो माांसां माांसान्मेदस्ििोऽन्स्थ च|
अस्थ्ो मज्जा ििः शुक्र
ां शुक्राद्गभशः प्रसादजः| (च.श्रच.15/16)
रसाद्रक्िां ििो माांसां माांसान्मेदः प्रजायिे |
मेदसोऽन्स्थ ििो मज्जा मज्ञः शुक्र
ां िु जायिे | (सु. सू 14/10)
It is one among the Sapta Dhatus which are
present in the Sharira. It is forms from
sara(essence) of meda dhatu by the action of
meda-dhatvagni on it.
Asthi-Dhatu

8. Asthi-Nirmana
द्रिधािोःन्स्थरान्माांसान्मेदसः सम्भिः कथम ्|
श्लक्ष्णाभ्याां माांसमेदोभ्याां खरत्िां कथमन्स्थषु| (च.श्रच.15/24)
र्ृश्रथव्यग्नन्यत्लादी्ाां सङघािः स्िोष्मणाकृ िः| (च.श्रच.15/30)
As we know the rasa and rakta are drava (liquid) dhatu, when the
metabolized by the rasa & raktagni they converts into viscus or
semisolid form when mamsa & meda again metabolized by their own
agni they becomes solid , hard & dry . Now it is known as Athi dhatu.
The hardness and dryness in Asthi dhatu occurs due to the dominancy of
Prathivi, Agni & Vayu mahabhuta. Thus both these Mahabhuta give
characteristic qualities like strongness, roughness, dryness and
hardness.

9. Pancabhautica constitution
र्ृश्रथव्यग्नन्यत्लादी्ाां सङघािः स्िोष्मणा कृ िः| (च.श्रच.15/30)
अस्थी् र्ृश्रथव्यत्लिेजसाम्| (डल्हण)
Though every substance is made of all five Mahabhutas (Akasha,
Vayu, Agni, Jala and Prithivi), but Asthi has predominance of
Prithivi and Vayu Mahabhuta.
As we have seen that Asthi has predominance of Prithvi and Vayu
Mahabhuta, Asthi Dhatu thus comprises qualities of these two
dominantly.
As per qualities of Prithvi Mahabhuta, Asthi is strong and heavy
and as per qualities of Vayu Mahabhuta, Asthi is dry and rough.

10. Asthi-Updhatu
During the formation of any Dhatu it will produce their own
updhatu. Similarly Asthi also has Upadhatu. it is Danta(teeth’s.)

11. ित्र अन्स्थत् न्स्थिो िायु: ......(अ•ह•सु•११/१६)
Asthi-ashrya dosha
Each dosha of the body has a house or residence where the performs
their own functions, if any abnormality occurs in ashrya then his
host(ashryi) also effected, hence the asthi is the ashrya for vata dosha.

12. Asthi-mala
स्यान्त्कट्टां क
े शलोमास्थ्ो ! (च.श्रच.15/19)
During the formation of any Dhatu it will produce their own Mala.
Similarly Asthi also has Mala, as per different texts.
S.N. Asthi Mala Caraka Susruta Bhav
prakasha
1. Kesha + _ _
2. Nakha _ + +
3. Loma + _ +

13. Functions of Asthi
The Asthi Karmas are as follows
 रसादयस्िु शरीरधारकिया धात्िन्िरर्ोषकिया च धािुशब्दे्ोचयन्िे | (चक्रर्ाणणदत्त)
 अस्थीत् देहधारणां मज्ञः र्ुन्ष्टां च ! (सु. सू. 15/5)
 अन्स्थ धारयति शरीरममत्यथशः ! (डल्हण)
 माांसां लेर्यति अस्थयादी््! (डल्हण)
 Deha Dharana.
 Majja Pushti.
 Asthi supports the Mamsa, Sira and Snayu .

14.  अन्स्थक्षयेऽन्स्थशूलां दन्ि्खभङगो रौक्ष्यां च, (सु. सू. 15/9)
 अन्स्थक्षय इत्यादद| रौक्ष्यां देहस्य दन्ि्खा्ाां च;
दन्िादी्ामन्स्थमयत्िाद्भङगः| (डल्हण)
 दन्िभङगोऽवर् ित्प्रभिान्स्थक्षयादेि’ इति चक्रः|
When Asthi dhatu decreased in its normal parameters the body shows
following sign & symptoms –
 Ostealgia
 Degeneration of teeth's & nails
 Dryness

15.  अस्थयध्यस्थीन्यश्रधदन्िाांश्च; ! (सु. सू. 15/14)
 अध्यस्थीत् अश्रधकास्थीत्| अश्रधदन्िात्ति अश्रधका््
दन्िा््; चकाराि् क
े श्खयोरप्यतििृद्श्रधञेया|(डल्हण)
When Asthi dhatu increased in its normal parameters the body shows
following sign & symptoms –
 Hyperdontia (supernumery teeth's)
 supernumery bones/accessory bones.
 Excessive growth of hairs & nails

16.  अस्थ्ाां स्था्विशेषेण धमशविशेषान््ामविशेषः र्ञ्चविधः|
्ामविशेषकथ्ां रच्ाविशेषञार््ाथशम् | (सु.शा.5/20)
 एिात् र्ञ्चविधात् भिन्न्ि;
िद्यथा- कर्ालरुचकिरुणिलय्लकसञ्ञात्| (सु.शा.5/20)
Depending upon size, shape, position of Asthi in the body total
Asthi is divided into five types. These are-
1.Kapala
2.Ruchaka
3.Taruna
4.Valaya
5.Nalaka
Asthi Prakara

17. Asthi Prakara
S.N. Types S.S. A.H. A.S. B.P.
1. Kapala + + + +
2. Ruchaka + + + +
3. Valaya + + + +
4. Taruna + + + +
5. Nalaka + + + +
Types of Asthi as per different Acharyas-

18.  िेषाां जा्ुत्िम््ाांसगण्डिालुशङखमशरःसु कर्ालात्
 कर्ालात् कर्शरसञ्ञात्| (सु.शा.5/20)
Kapalasthi
These are flat bone of the body, mainly
they covers & protect the soft & vital
tissue such as brain.
These are-
 Janu –knee bone
 Nitamba-hip bone
 Ansa- shoulder bone
 Ganda- cheek bone
 Talu- plate bone
 Sankha- temple bone
 Sira- skull bones

19.  दश्ास्िु रुचकात्,
 दश्ा दन्िा इत्यथशः| (सु.शा.5/20)

Dasnasthi
Teeth are ruchaka asthi.

20.  घ्राणकणशग्रीिाक्षक्षकोषेषु िरुणात्,
 िरुणात् िरुणसञ्ञात्| (सु.शा.5/20)

Tarunasthi
These are soft bone of the body,
mainly cartilages are includes in it.
These are-
 Ghrana –nose cartilages
 Karna- ear cartilages
 Griva- tracheal cartilages
 Akshi-kosh-eye ball

21.  र्ाश्िशर्ृष्ठोरःसु िलयात्,
 िलयात् िलयसञ्ञात्| (सु.शा.5/20)
Valayasthi
These are circular bone of the body, mainly they covers &
protect the soft & vital organ such as heart & lungs.
These are-
 Prashava- lateral bones of thoracic cage
 Prasta-back bones
 Urah-anterior bones of thoracic cage

22.  शेषाणण ्लकसञ्ञात् (सु.शा.5/20)
 शेषाणण ्लकसञ्ञा्ीति हस्िर्ादाङगुमलिलक
ू चश्लकाददषु |
 िदुक्िां भोजे-
“हस्िर्ादाङगुमलिले क
ू चेषु मणण्न्धयोः| ्ाहुजङघाद्िये चावर्
जा्ीयान््लकात् िु-” इति|
Nalakasthi
These are long bones of the body, mainly lies in extremities.
These lies in-
 Anguli-phalanges
 Hasta-pada tala- carpals & tarsals
 Bahu& Jangha- humerus & femur
 Hasta & Pada- in legs & forearms

23. S.N. Text books No.
1. Caraka Samhita 360
2. Astanga Hrudaya 360
3. Astanga Samgraha 360
4. Kashyap Samhita 360
5. Bhela Samhita 360
6. Susruta Samhita 300
7. Bhava-prakasha 300
Asthi Samkhya

24.  िेषाां सविांशमन्स्थशिां शाखासु,
 सप्िदशोत्तरां शिां िोणणर्ाश्िशर्ृष्ठोरःसु,
 ग्रीिाां प्रत्यूध्िं त्रत्रषन्ष्टः,
 एिमस्थ्ाां त्रीणण शिात् र्ूयशन्िे |(सु.शा.5/18)
Acharya Caraka
128 in extremities
141 in trunk
91 in head & neck
Total 360
Acharya Susruta
120 in extremities
117 in trunk
63 in head & neck
Total 300
Modern Anatomy
126 in extremities
44 in trunk
36 in head & neck
Total 206
 त्रीणण सषष्टान्यन्स्थशिात् िेदिादद्ोभाषन्िे
 शल्यिन्त्रेषु िु त्रीण्येि शिात् |
 सह दन्िोलूखल्खे् |
Asthi Sankha

25.  एककस्याां िु र्ादाङगुल्याां त्रीणण त्रीणण िात् र्ञ्चदश,
 िलक
ू चशगुल्फसांश्रििात् दश,
 र्ाष्ण्याशमेक
ां ,
 जङघायाां द्िे,
 जा्ुन्येकम्,
 एकमूराविति,
 त्रत्रांशदेिमेकन्स्म्् सन्क्थ् भिन्न्ि,
 एिे्ेिरसन्क्थ ्ाहू च व्याख्यािौ;
One in Heel
Two in Leg
One in Knee
One in Thigh
Total thirty in each leg, Total 60 in lower limb.
Same number in each Arm, Total 60 in upper limb
Three in each finger, total 15
10 in Foot
Total 120 in extremities
िलक
ू चशगुल्फ
े त्यादद ित्र र्ादिले र्ञ्च शलाकाः, ि
त्प्र्न्ध्मेकमन्स्थ, द्िे द्िे क
ू चशगुल्फयोररति दश|

26. िद्यथा-
 विांशति्शखाः, 20 Nails
 षन्ष्टः र्ाणणर्ादाङगुल्यस्थीत्, 60 phalanges
 विांशतिः र्ाणणर्ादशलाकाः, 20 tarsals carpals
 चत्िाररर्ाणणर्ादशलाकाश्रधष्ठा्ात्, 4 base bone
 द्िे र्ाष्ण्योरन्स्थ्ी, 2 heel bone
 चत्िारः र्ादयोगुशल्फाः, 4 ankle bone
 चत्िारर जङघयोः, 4 leg bone
 द्िौ मणणकौ हस्ियोः, 2 wrist bone
 चत्िायशरत्न्योरस्थीत्, 4 forearm bone
 द्िौ ्ाहु्लकौ, 2 arm bone
 द्िे जा्ु्ी, 2 knee bone
 द्िे जा्ुकर्ामलक
े , 2 patella
 द्िािूरु्लकौ, 2 thigh bone
अङ्गुलीन ां शल क यत्र सांलग्न स्तच्छल क धिष्ठ नम्
Total 128 in extremities

27. 14 in digits
7 tarsals
5 metatarsals
2 leg
1 patella
1 thigh
1 hip bone
Total 62(31*2)
15 in digits
11 in foots
2 leg
1 patella
1 thigh
Total 60(30*2)
5 nails
15 in digits
5 metatarsals
4 tarsals
2 leg
2 patella
1 thigh
Total 68(34*2)
14 in digits
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
2 forearm
1 Arm
1 clavicle
1scapula
Total 64(62+2)
5 nails
15in digits
1 carpals
5 metacarpals
2 forearm
1 Arm
Total 60(30*2)

28.  िोण्याां र्ञ्च,
 अष्टािुरमस,
 र्ाश्िे षट्त्रत्रांशदेकन्स्म््,
 द्वििीयेऽप्येिां,
 र्ृष्ठे त्रत्रांशि्,
 द्िे अांसफलक
े
30 in Back
8 in front of thorax
36 in one side of thorax
36 in other side
2 scapula
5 in pelvis
द्िादश र्शुशकाः (12 ribs)
द्िादश स्थालकात्,(12 C.C.)
द्िादश स्थालका्ुशदा्ीति (12 Joint)
उरःफलक
े षट्, (6)
अक्षकसञ्ञे द्िे,(2 clavicle)
गुदभगत्िम््ेषु चत्िारर(4)
त्रत्रकसांश्रििमेक
ां ,(1)
द्िादश र्शुशकाः (12 ribs)
द्िादश स्थालकात्,(12 C.C.)
द्िादश स्थालका्ुशदा्ीति (12 Joint)
Total 117 in Trunk

29.  द्िे िोणणफलक
े , 2 hip bone
 एक
ां भगान्स्थ, 1 pubis
 द्िािांसौ, 2 shoulder bone
 द्िे अांसफलक
े , 2 scapula
 द्िािक्षकौ, 2 clavicle
 एक
ां जत्रु, 1 Jatru
 र्ञ्चचत्िाररांशि् र्ृष्ठगिान्यस्थी्,
45 in back
 चिुदशशोरमस, 14 in thorax
 चिुविंशतिः र्शुशकाः, 24 ribs
 िािन्न्ि स्थालकात्, 24 c.c.
 िािन्न्ि चि स्थालका्ुशदात्, 24 base
भग स्स्ि अभभमुखां कटीसन्ि नक रक
ां ततययगस्स्ि|
स्ि लक नीतत पशुयक न ां मूलस्ि नलग्न तन
स्ि लक र्ुयद तन तु पशुयक मूल न्यर्ुयद क र स्यस्िीतन|
Total 141 in Trunk

30. 5 lumber vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
1 sacrum
1 coccyx
24 ribs
1 sternum
5 in pelvis
30 in back
72 ribs
8 in front
2 scapula
5 in pelvis
45 in back
72 ribs
14 in thorax
2 scapula
2 shoulder
2 clavicle
1 jatru

31.  ग्रीिायाां ्ि,
 कण्ठ्ाडयाां चत्िारर,
 द्िे हन्िोः,
 दन्िा द्िात्रत्रांशि्,
 ्ासायाां त्रीणण,
 एक
ां िालुत्,
 गण्डकणशशङखेष्िेकक
ां ,
 षट् मशरसीति
1 plate
1-1 in each cheek, ear, temple
3 in nose
32 teeth
2 in chin
4 in front of neck
9 in back of Neck
6 in head
अत्र ‘कण्ठ्ाडयाां त्रीणण, एक
ां ह्ौ, दन्िा द्िात्रत्रांशि्, ्ासायाां ्ि,
िालुत् द्िे, गण्डयोद्शिे, शङखयोद्शिे, कणशयोः षट्, षट् मशरमस’ इति
र्ाठो रसयोगसागरस्योर्ोद्धािे ि. र्ां. हररप्रर्न््शमशणा सांशोश्रधिः|
Total 63 in Head
& neck

32.  र्ञ्चदश ग्रीिायाां, 15 in neck
 द्िात्रत्रांशद्दन्िाः, 32 teethes
 द्िात्रत्रांशद्दन्िोलूखलात्, 32 gums
 एक
ां हन्िन्स्थ, 1 chin
 द्िे ह्ुमूल्न्ध्े, 2 root of chin
 एकान्स्थ ्ामसकागण्डक
ू टललाटां, 1 nose-zygomatic
 द्िौ शङखौ, 2 temple
 द्िे िालुक
े , 2 plates
 चत्िारर मशरःकर्ाला्ीति; 4 skull
Total 91 in Head & neck

33. 14 in Cranium
Frontal 1
Occipital 1
Ethmoid 1
Sphenoid 1
Parietal 2
Temporal 2
Ear ossicle 6
14 in Face
Vomar 1
Mandible 1
Maxillae 2
Zygomatic 2
Nasal 2
Nasal concha 2
Lacrimal 2
Palatine 2
8 in Neck
Hyoid 1
Cervical vertebrae 7

34. 13 in neck
6 in head
3 in nose
2 chin
6 zygomatic temporal
1 plate
32 teeths
15 in neck
6 in head
3 chin
1 zygomatic temporal
2 plate
32 teeth
32 gums
8 in neck
8 in head
4 in nose
2 in eye
6 ear ossicle
2 zygomatic
1 chin
2 maxilla
1 vomar
2 plate

35.  Ayurveda has counted nails, nail bed, teeth, sockets & cartilages as
separate bones, the modern anatomy has not counted them among
the bones.
 Ayurveda has counted phalanges as 30 in number, ribs as 72 in
number whereas according to modern anatomy not.
 Ayurveda has counted the arches, facets, bodies and transverse
processes of the vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilage, segments of sternum
as separate bones while they are parts of the vertebrae, ribs &
sternum.
 In the fetal stage and after birth, many bones are in the process of
ossification (many fragments joining together and forming a
complete bone, bone remodeling). At these stages, a single bone
appears to be in 2-3 fragments. Probably Ayurveda has counted the
bones at the stage of ossification rather than after their complete
formation and maturity.

36. भिन्न्ि चात्र-
अभ्यन्िरगिःसारयशथा तिष्ठन्न्ि भूरुहाः |
अन्स्थसारस्िथा देहा श्रियन्िे देदह्ाां िुिम् |(सु.शा.5/21)
िस्मान्चचरवि्ष्टेषु त्िङमाांसेषु शरीररणाम् |
अस्थीत् ् वि्श्यन्न्ि साराण्येिात् देदह्ाम् |
माांसान्यत्र त््द्धात् मसरामभः स््ायुमभस्िथा |
अस्थीन्यालम्््ां कृ त्िा ् शीयशन्िे र्िन्न्ि िा | (सु.शा.5/23)
Importance of Asthi