This document summarizes a seminar presentation on brain fingerprinting through digital electroencephalography signal technique. It discusses how brain fingerprinting works by measuring the brain's electrical activity through EEG to detect the P300 brain wave, which indicates when the brain recognizes familiar information. The document outlines the equipment used, including EEG sensors and a computer system to present stimuli. It also describes the basic process of how a suspect is tested by measuring their brain waves in response to crime-relevant and irrelevant probes to determine if they have knowledge of the crime. Finally, it discusses applications in national security, advertising and criminal investigations, as well as advantages and limitations of the technique.

1. Seminar
On
The Brain Fingerprinting Through Digital
Electroencephalography Signal Technique
Presented By
STUDENT NAME :-Priyanka Rohidas Parkhande
Exam No :T150714241
Guided By
PROF. A.S.SONDKAR

2. 6/8/2021
Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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3. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 THE INVENTION
 WORKING
 MERMER
 P300
 OPERATING MECHANNISM
 EQUPMENT AND TECHNIQUES
 EEG
 STAGES OF BRAIN FINGERPRINTING
 FEATURES AND APPLICATION
 ROLE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND THE ROLE IN LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 LIMITITION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
 THANK YOU
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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4. Introduction
• Brain Fingerprinting scientifically
Identifies whether information is
stored in The brain by precisely
measurig brainwaves.
• Brain Fingerprinting only
Detects whether the information
Exist within the brain or not.
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The Brain Fingerprinting Through Digital Electroencephalography Signal Technique
Department of computer science and engineering 4

5. Continue….
• Farwell Brain Fingerprinting has proven 100%
accurate in over 120 tests.
• Including tests on FBI agents, tests for a US
intelligence agency and for the US Navy, and tests
on real-life situations including actual crimes.
• The technique of Farwell Brain Fingerprinting, a
new computer-based technology to identify the
perpetrator of a crime accurately and scientifically
by measuring brain wave responses to crime-
relevant words
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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6. THE INVENTION
• Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence
Farewell.
• Brain fingerprinting technology is based on an
electric signal known as MERMER.
• Farwell’s Brain Fingerpriinting originally used the
well known P300 brain response to detect the
brain’s recognition of the known information
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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7. How Does it Work?
 measurements are recorded in fractions of a second after the
stimulus is presented, before the subject is able to formulate or
control a response
 Dr. Farwell discovered that the P300 was one aspect of a larger
brain-wave response that he named and patented, a MERMER (
encoding related multifaceted memory and electroencephalographic
response)
 Brain responses were recorded from the midline frontal, central, and
parietal scalp locations, referenced to linked mastoids (behind the
ear), and from a location on the forehead to track eye movements
 At the end of each test, subjects were given a written list of all
stimulus items and asked to mark each item as noteworthy,
somewhat noteworthy, or irrelevant - those marked were thrown out
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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8. TO CHECK INFORMATION IS PRESENT OR NOT
Information Absent Information Present
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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9. WORKING PROCEDURE
• First of all the suspect wears a special headset
on which many sensors are fitted to capture the
brain wave signals. He is seated before a
comp. system on which stimulies are
presented.
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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10. MERMER
• Farwell discovered the P300 –MERMER(“Memory and
Encoding Related Multifaced Electroencephalographic
Response”)
• A MERMER is an electric signal which is part of brainwave
observed in response to familiar information .
• When the brain recognizes something , then there is increase in
neurons activity,so elicit some changes in brain wave signals.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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11. P300
The P300(P3) wave is an event related
potential(ERP) which can be recorded via EEG
as a positive defination in voltage at a latency
of roughly 300 ms in EEG.
The P300 signal is an aggregate recording
from a great many neurons .
P300 wave form must be evoked using a
stimulus delivered one of the sensory
modilities .
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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12. Block Diagram of Technology
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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13. Equipment and technology:
The brain fingerprinting system comprises:
1. A personal computer.
2. A data acquisition board.
3. Two monitors.
4 A EEG amplifier.
5. Software for data acquisition Some electrodes.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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14. TECHNIQUE USED
P300-MERMER
Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted
Electroencephalographic Response
• Electrical signal known as P300 is emitted from an individual's brain
beginning approximately 300 milliseconds after it is confronted with
a stimulus of special significance.
• The P300 wave is an event related potential
• (ERP) which can be recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) as
a deflection in voltage at a latency of roughly 300 ms in the EEG

15. TECHNIQUES
• Electrical signal known as P300 is emitted from an individual's
brain beginning approximately 300 milliseconds after it is
confronted with a stimulus of special significance.
• The application of this in brain fingerprinting is to detect the
P300 as a response to stimuli.
• The system does not require the subject to issue verbal
responses to questions or stimuli.
• brain fingerprinting uses cognitive brain responses, brain
fingerprinting does not depend on the emotions of the subject,
nor is it affected by emotional responses.
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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16. BASIC PRINCIPLE
• It is based on the theory that throughout any action, the
brain analyze, executes and records that action.
• And when the brain recognizes something then there are
some changes in the neurons activity due to which there is
changes in brainwave signals .On the basis of these changes
in brain wave signals scientists determine that a particular
information is present in the subjest mind or not.
• The brain wave signal which is used in this technique is
well-known brain wave p 300-MERMER.
• P300-MERMER
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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17. Brain Waves are used to detect
the crime
A suspect is tested by looking at three kinds of
information represented by different colored lines :
• RED: Information the suspect is expected to know. It
arises due to target type stimulus.
• GREEN Information not to suspect. The irrelevant
stimuli is responsible for this type of brain waves.
• BLUE Information of the crime that only perpetrator
would know. This occurs due to probes.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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18. 6/8/2021
Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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19. ONE OF THE TEST CASES OF A
SUSPECT
The Following figure shows the RED and BLUE
lines are closely correlated. This indicates the
suspect or the criminal has the knowledge of the
CRIME.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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20. Electroencephalography
• Electroencephalography (EEG) is the
measurement of electrical activity produced by
the brain as recorded from electrodes placed on
the scalp.
• Just as the activity in a computer can be
understood on multiple levels, from the activity of
individual transistors to the function of
applications, so can the electrical activity of the
brain be described on relatively small to relatively
large scales.
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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21. Continue……..
• Electroencephalography (EEG) is the
measurement of electrical activity produced by
the brain as recorded from electrodes placed
on the scalp.
• Special sensors (electrodes camera) are
attached to your head and hooked by wires to a
computer.
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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22. Continue…
• Special sensors (electrodes camera) are
attached to your head and hooked by wires to a
computer.
• The computer records your brain's electrical
activity on the screen or on paper as wavy
lines.
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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23. CONTINUE……
• EEG signals in the range of milli-volts
• The data measured by the scalp EEG are used for clinical
and research purposes.
There are several types of brain waves:
1)Beta waves
2)Delta waves
3)Theta waves
4)Alpha waves
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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24. CONTINUE….
• Electroencephalogram has two types:
1)Normal &
2)Abnormal
Normal:
The two sides of the brain show similar
patterns of electrical activity
Abnormal:
The two sides of the brain show different
patterns of electrical activity
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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25. EEG MEASUREMENT
EEG-ELECRTOENCEPHALOGRAPHY
• When a stimulus appears, the EEG breaks into
a series of larger peaks and troughs which
constitutes the ERP.
• Voltage difference between a pair of electrodes
are measured, filtered, amplified and recorded
for analysis.
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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26. EEG VS FMRI AND PET
• In EEG time resolution is very high (on the level
of a single millisecond).
• Other methods of looking at brain activity, such as
PET and FMRI have time resolution between
seconds and minutes.
• EEG measures the brain's electrical activity
directly
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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27. STAGES OF BRAIN FINGERPRINTING
• Crime Scene Evidence Collection
• Brain Evidence Collections
• Computer Evidence Analysis
• Scientific Result
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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28. TYPES OF STIMULIES
Target: The target stimuli are made relevant
and noteworthy to all subjects.
Irrelevant: These have no relation to the
situation under investigation.
 Probes: Probes are the stimuli that are
relevant to the situation under investigation.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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29. …..irrelevant----Target----Probe
Fig.stimuli used
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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30. Phases of Brain Fingerprinting
There are four stages to Brain Fingerprinting:
• 1. Crime Scene Evidence Collection:
Gathering evidences from crimescenes.
• 2. Brain Evidence Collection:
A specialist checks whether the crime scene evidence
matches evidence stored in brain.
• 3. Computer Evidence Analysis:
Computerized analysis is done on the brain evidences and
statistical methods are applied to move to the next phase.
• 4. Scientific Result:
Finding whether the person is guilty or not guilty.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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31. Application of Technology
• 1) National security: To Identify terrorists , fugitives,
criminals and accomplices prior to attack by determining
whether specific information is embedded into brain
memory of the subject.
• 2) Medical diagnosis : a) Alzheimer’s Disease : detects
p300 brainwave, symptoms reversible through dietary and
medicinal changes.b) Pharmaceutical companies: to see
effects of new medication, doctors can monitor treatments
and adjust them.
• 3) Advertising :It allow advertisers to determine what
information from an ad is retained in memory as (i) what
elements dopeople pay attention to .(ii) what type of media
is most effective . (iii) how to people all over the world.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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32. Advertising Applications
• What specific information do people retain from
advertising?
• What specific elements in an ad campaign have
the most impact?
• Which type of media is most effective?
• What commercial is the most effective for a
single product?
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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33. Comparison with other
technology
• v The novel interpretation in brain fingerprinting is to look for P300
as response to stimuli related to the crime in question e.g., a murder
weapon or a victims face. Be-cause it is based on EEG signals, the
system does not require the testee to issue ver-bal responses to
questions or stimuli.
• v Brain fingerprinting uses cognitive brain responses; brain finger
printing does not depend on the emotions of the subject, nor is it
affected by emotional responses.
• v Brain fingerprinting is fundamentally different from the polygraph
(lie-detector), which measures emotion-based physiological signals
such as heart rate, sweating, and blood pressure. Also, unlike
polygraph testing, it does not attempt to determine whether or not
the subject is lying or telling the truth
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Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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34. National Security
• Identify terrorists and accomplices prior to
attacks by determining whether specific
information is embedded in the memory of the
subject or not.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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35. ROLE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
The application of Brain Fingerprinting testing in a
criminal case involves four phases: investigation,
interview, scientific testing, and adjudication. Of
these four phases, only the third one is in the
domain of science. The first phase is undertaken
by a skilled investigator, the second by an
interviewer who may be an investigator or a
scientist, the third by a scientist,and the fourth by
a judge and jury. This is similar to the forensic
application of other sciences.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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36. THE ROLE IN LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
• In legal proceedings, the scope of the science
of Brain Fingerprinting - and all other sciences
- is limited.
• The role of Brain Fingerprinting is to take the
output of investigations and interviews
regarding What information is relevant.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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37. Advantages
The various advantages are as follows:
1. The rate of error is extremely low virtually nonexistent and
clear standards governing.
2. Record of 100% accuracy.
3. Identifies the criminal quickly and scientifically.
4. Provides immediate scientific result.
5. Reduced costs and complexities.
6. Support the right to a speedy and fair trail.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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38. Disadvantages
The various disadvantages are as follows:
1. Not applicable for general screening.
2. It does not indicate intent of the crime.
3. Takes a fair amount of time to set up and conduct
properly.
4. Difficult to distinguish the criminal and a witness who
saw all the criminal activity happen.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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39. CONCLUSION
Brain Fingerprinting technology is a advanced brain computer interface
technology for solving the criminals case and also identify the perpetrators,
and exonerating innocent suspects. This technology provide the 99.9%
accurate result towards crime victims, falsely accused innocent suspects.
Brain Fingerprinting is a revolutionary new scientific technology
for solving crimes, identifying perpetrators, and exonerating innocent suspects,
with a record of 100% accuracy in research with US government agencies,
actual criminal cases, and other applications. The technology fulfills an urgent
need for governments, law enforcement agencies, corporations, investigators,
crime victims, and falsely accused, innocent suspects.
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Project Title Department of
Computer Engineering, SCSCOE
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40. References
• 1) Farwell LA, Donchin E. The brain detector: P300 in the detection of deception.
Psychophysiology 1986; 24:434.
• 2) Farwell LA, Donchin E. The truth will out: interrogative polygraphy ("lie detection") with
event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology 1991;28:531-541.
• 3)Farwell LA, inventor. Method and apparatus for multifaceted electroencephalographic
response analysis (MERA). US patent 5,363,858. 1994 Nov 15.
• 4) Farwell LA. Two new twists on the truth detector: brain-wave detection of occupational
information. Psychophysiology 1992;29(4A):S3.
• 5) Farwell LA, inventor. Method and apparatus for truth detection. US patent 5,406,956. 1995
Apr 18.
• 6)Picton TW. Handbook of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology: human
event-related potentials. Amsterdam:
• 7)Goggle.com
• 8)Youtube.com
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