1. FROM LANDMARKS IN HUMANITIES:
1. Ignatius Loyola
Spanish knight, priest, founder of Jesuits
2. Jesuits
Anti-Reformation Catholic monastic order
3. Parmigianino’s Madonna of the Long Neck
1500
4. El Greco
Court painter to Spanish royal court, Greek
5. Piazza
Plaza or open space, Italian
6. Baldacchino
Tent-like structure over altar in Italian churches
7. Bernini’s The Ecstasy of St. Theresa
1600-1700
8. Stucco
Plaster used to cover a wall surface, can be decorative
9. Foreshortening
Outward-facing perspective, hand reaching out for example
10. Caravaggio
Italian painter of New Testament scenes, chiaroscuro
11. Gentileschi’s Judith Slaying Holofernes
1600
12. Puritans
Ultra-conservative Christian sect that left England, founded New
England
13. John Donne
English cleric & poet
14. John Milton
English poet, wrote Paradise Lost
15. Paradise Lost
Mankind on moral down slide since Garden of Eden
16. Christopher Wren

2. Oversaw rebuilding of London, St. Paul’s Cathedral
17. Wren’s St. Paul’s Cathedral
1700
18. Camera obscura
Painting device, peephole sight-finder
19. Vermeer’s View of Delft
1700
20. Rembrandt van Rijn
Dutch portraitist, brown underpainting
21. Impasto
Heavy layering of paint on canvas
22. Etching
Burnishing technique used to create metal plates for printing
23. Burin
Steel or metal tool used to create an etching or engraving
24. Rigaud’s Portrait of Louis XIV
1700
25. Chateau
Large French country house or estate
26. Marquetry
Inlaid wood surface decoration
27. Salon
Meeting of intellectuals and creative people in a traditional French
receiving room
FROM THE "THE PALACE AT VERSAILLES: SEAT OF AN
ABSOLUTE MONARCH" POWERPOINT:
1. The Palace of Versailles
Began by Louis XIV
Louis XVI completes it
2. Duc de Saint-Simon
French critic of Louix XIV
3. Levee

3. Ceremony surrounds Louis XIV’s waking up
4. Valet de Chambre
Could help dress Louis XIV, helped with right sleeve, room attendant
5. Courtiers
Noblemen required to live at the palace
6. Justacorps
Helping the King get dressed
7. Cravatier
Tied the King’s cravat
8. Why were wigs required at Versailles?
Because Louis wore them due to baldness
9. Hall of Mirrors
1700, designed by Mansart & Le Brun
10. Jules Hardouin-Mansart
11. Charles Le Brun
12. The Royal Chapel
Royal Family prayed here, last project completed in Louis XIV’s
lifetime
13. Promenade
Afternoon/after lunch stroll/carriage ride thru the grounds, could
get the King’s ear
14. Menagerie
Zoo
15. Andre Le Notre
Designed the gardens of Versailles
16. Parterres
Divisions/flowerbeds of Versailles, geometric design
17. Bosquets
Groups of trees of the same species
18. Orangerie
Parterre containing exotic & citrus trees
19. Grand & Petite Canal

4. Major intersecting water features of the gardens, each represents
one of the major rivers of France
20. Soiree d'appartement
Late afternoon informal gathering held in King’s salon chamber
21. Queen Marie-Therese
Louis XIV’s 1st wife
22. Madame de Maintenon
Mistress then 2nd wife of Louis XIV
23. Chef Vatel
Head of the kitchen at Versailles
24. The Bourbon Family colors
Gold, garnet, silver
25. Fetes
Large, multi-day parties, usually outdoors
26. Menus-plaisirs du Roi
Royal party planners who organized the fetes
27. Couchee
Ceremony surrounding Louis XIV’s retiring
FROM THE "TRIUMPH OF LIBERTY: THE ENLIGHTENMENT,
MODERN DEMOCRACY, AND THE AMERICAN & FRENCH
REVOLUTIONS" POWERPOINT:
1. Edict of Nantes
Granted religious freedom to the people of France, Louis XVI
2. Philosophes
French Enlightenment philosophers
3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Philosophe, authored the Social Contract
4. The Social Contract
People give government their power, the government gives the
people protection. If the government fails in that, the people can
overthrow it
5. The 4 Acts Britain imposed on the Colonies

5. Sugar Act
Stamp Act
Townshend Act
Tea Act
6. Virtual representation
The elected body drawn from the entire population will always vote
in its best interest, even if it does not accurately represent the
population
7. John Locke
English philosophe, advocated the idea of social contract in English
society
8. Boston Massacre
1770, March 5
9. Boston Tea Party
December 16 1773
10. First Continental Congress
Reaction to the Intolerable Acts
11. Whigs & Tories
Whigs = independence
Tories = stay English
12. Gen. Thomas Gage
Commanded the British Army in the American Revolution
13. Minutemen
Relatively untrained American militia soldiers
14. John Hancock & Samuel Adams
Biggest signatures on the Declaration of Independence
15. Paul Revere
American riding messenger who warned of advancing English troops
at Concord & Lexington
16. "Concord Hymn"
Written by Ralph Waldo Emerson
17. The Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson

6. Ben Franklin
18. Popular sovereignty
The power to govern rests with the people being governed
19. Ancien regime
“Old Order” the way things had always worked in France
20. Louis XVI
Spending treasury funds, revoked Edict of Nantes, dismissed Estates
General
21. The Estates General's 3 estates
Roman Catholic Church
Nobility
Everyone else > largest representation
22. National Assembly
Third Estate secedes from EG
23. The Bastille
Fortified prison in Paris, enemies of the Crown held there,
destroyed on Bastille Day – July 14
24. Motto of the National Assembly
“Liberty, equality, fraternity”
25. The Convention
Representative body of government in France, members elected by
universal male suffrage
26. Robespierre & the Jacobins' target
Radical, anti-religious branch of the Convention
27. Reign of Terror
1773-1774, executed people for being enemies of the state/treason,
executed Louis XVI & Marie-Antoinette
28. The Directory
Moderate ruling body in France that arrested Robespierre and
ended Jacobin rule, advocated a new constitution for France,
compromised on religion
29. Coup d'etat
Overthrow/seizure of the government, Napoleon in France

7. 30. Napoleon Bonaparte
Took northern Italy for France, consul, later crowned himself
Emperor of France
31. Concordat
Made peace between the Catholic Church & France, makes
Catholicism the preferred faith of France
32. Napoleonic Civil Code
New set of laws in France
33. Napoleon's invasion of Russia
Muscovites burned Moscow, winter defeated him