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   Imperfect        Present Progressive
    Preterite       Past Progressive
   -Car –gar -zar   Conditional
   Spock            Future
   Cucaracha        Future Irregulars
   Snake            Superlatives
   Modals           Formal Commands
   Adverbs          Prepositions
                     Demonstratives
 To conjugate -ar verbs in the                    To conjugate -er and -ir verbs in
      imperfect, drop the -ar and add                   the imperfect, drop the -er or -ir
      one of the following                              and add one of the following
     aba                                              ía
      abas                                              ías
      aba                                               ía
      ábamos                                            íamos
      aban                                              ían


These are an -     hablar       comer      vivir                Use imperfects when
ar - er and - ir                                                talking about repeated
verb all           hablaba      comía      vivía                actions in the past.
conjugated in
                   hablabas     comías     vivías
the
imperfect.         hablaba      comía      vivía

                   hablábamos   comíamos   vivíamos

                   hablaban     comían     vivían
 Ser         Ir         ver
   Era         Iba
                          veía
   Eras        Ibas
                          veías
   Era         Iba
                          veía
   Éramos      Íbamos
                          veíamos
   Eran        Iban
                          veían
   Use preterites when
hablar     comer      vivir
                                    talking about
hablé      comí       viví
                                    something in the past
hablaste   comiste    viviste
                                    with a definite
habló      comió      vivió
                                    beginning and end.
hablamos   comimos    vivimos

hablaron   comieron   viviero
   Verbs ending in –car        Car goes to que
    -gar or –zar are            Gar goes to gue
    irregular in the first      Zar goes to ce
    person preterite.
                                Tocar- toque
                                Jugar – jugue
                                Comenzar- comence
   IR/SER      DAR/VER   HACER

    fui        i         hice
   fuiste      iste      hiciste
   fue         io        hizo
   fuimos      imon      hicimos
   fueron      ieron     hicieron
   Andar anduv-          -e
   Estar estuv-          -iste
   Poner pud-            -o
   Poder pus-            -imos
   Querer quis-          -ieron
   Saber sup-
   Tener tuv-
   Vener vin-
   conducir conduj-
   producir produj-
   traducir traduj-
   decir dij-
   traer traj-
   dormí             Leí
   dormiste          leíste

   d   urmió          y
                     le ó
                    Leímos
   dormimos

   d   urmieron       yeron
                       le
   ir+a+infinitive going to       Conjugate and pair
    do something                    modals to get new
   Poder+infinitive able to        meanings.
    do something
   Querer+infinitive want
    to do something
   Deber+infinitive ought
    to do something
   Tener+que+infinitive
    have to do something
   Soler+infinitive to often
    do something
   Necesitar+infinitive need
    to do something
 Change to feminine for
  m and add mente to
  the end of adjectives
  to get adverbs.
 If there is more than
  one adverb in a
  sentence only add
  mente to the last one.
   Use a conjugated estar       ex: estoy comiendo.
    and a present               I am eating.
    participle to form a
    present progressive.
   Use a conjugated           ex: estaba cantando
    imperfect estar and a      I was singing
    gerund to form a past
    progressive.
 Use a conditional to         ia
  say would, probably,         ias
  must have, or could.         ia
 To conjugate use-------      iamos
                               ian
   Add                           hablaré
   -é
   -ás
                                   hablarás
    -á                            hablará
    -emos                         hablaremos
   -án                            hablarán
   To a verb to put it into
                               
    the future tense.
caber
    cabr
   poner
    pondr
   decir
    dir
   haber
    habr
   salir
    saldr
   hacer
    har
   poder
    podr
   tener
     tendr
   querer
    querr
   valer
    valdr
   saber
    sabr
   venir
    vendr
   used to say More or Less
   definite article + noun + más/menos + adjective+ de
   Put in the yo form
    Change to the opposite vowel
    -ar goes to e, -er/-ir goes to a
   Irregulars
   Tenga
   Venga
   DeI
    Vaya
   Seas
   Haga
   Este
   Sepa
   Cerca de- near
   Depués de- after
   Arriba- up
   Abajo de- under
   Detrás de- behind
   Enfrente de- in front of
Singular      Masculine Feminine Plural      Masculine Feminine
this          éste      ésta     these       éstos     éstas

that          ése       ésa       those      ésos       ésas

that (way over aquél    aquélla   those (way aquéllos   aquéllas
there)                            over there)

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Grammar book part_2[1]

  • 2. Imperfect Present Progressive  Preterite Past Progressive  -Car –gar -zar Conditional  Spock Future  Cucaracha Future Irregulars  Snake Superlatives  Modals Formal Commands  Adverbs Prepositions Demonstratives
  • 3.  To conjugate -ar verbs in the  To conjugate -er and -ir verbs in imperfect, drop the -ar and add the imperfect, drop the -er or -ir one of the following and add one of the following  aba  ía abas ías aba ía ábamos íamos aban ían These are an - hablar comer vivir Use imperfects when ar - er and - ir talking about repeated verb all hablaba comía vivía actions in the past. conjugated in hablabas comías vivías the imperfect. hablaba comía vivía hablábamos comíamos vivíamos hablaban comían vivían
  • 4.  Ser  Ir ver  Era  Iba veía  Eras  Ibas veías  Era  Iba veía  Éramos  Íbamos veíamos  Eran  Iban veían
  • 5. Use preterites when hablar comer vivir talking about hablé comí viví something in the past hablaste comiste viviste with a definite habló comió vivió beginning and end. hablamos comimos vivimos hablaron comieron viviero
  • 6. Verbs ending in –car  Car goes to que -gar or –zar are  Gar goes to gue irregular in the first  Zar goes to ce person preterite.  Tocar- toque  Jugar – jugue  Comenzar- comence
  • 7. IR/SER  DAR/VER HACER  fui  i hice  fuiste  iste hiciste  fue  io hizo  fuimos  imon hicimos  fueron  ieron hicieron
  • 8. Andar anduv-  -e  Estar estuv-  -iste  Poner pud-  -o  Poder pus-  -imos  Querer quis-  -ieron  Saber sup-  Tener tuv-  Vener vin-  conducir conduj-  producir produj-  traducir traduj-  decir dij-  traer traj-
  • 9. dormí  Leí  dormiste  leíste  d urmió  y le ó  Leímos  dormimos  d urmieron  yeron le
  • 10. ir+a+infinitive going to  Conjugate and pair do something modals to get new  Poder+infinitive able to meanings. do something  Querer+infinitive want to do something  Deber+infinitive ought to do something  Tener+que+infinitive have to do something  Soler+infinitive to often do something  Necesitar+infinitive need to do something
  • 11.  Change to feminine for m and add mente to the end of adjectives to get adverbs.  If there is more than one adverb in a sentence only add mente to the last one.
  • 12. Use a conjugated estar  ex: estoy comiendo. and a present  I am eating. participle to form a present progressive.
  • 13. Use a conjugated  ex: estaba cantando imperfect estar and a  I was singing gerund to form a past progressive.
  • 14.  Use a conditional to  ia say would, probably,  ias must have, or could.  ia  To conjugate use-------  iamos  ian
  • 15. Add  hablaré  -é  -ás hablarás  -á hablará  -emos hablaremos  -án hablarán  To a verb to put it into  the future tense.
  • 16. caber cabr  poner pondr  decir dir  haber habr  salir saldr  hacer har  poder podr  tener tendr  querer querr  valer valdr  saber sabr  venir vendr
  • 17. used to say More or Less  definite article + noun + más/menos + adjective+ de
  • 18. Put in the yo form  Change to the opposite vowel  -ar goes to e, -er/-ir goes to a  Irregulars  Tenga  Venga  DeI  Vaya  Seas  Haga  Este  Sepa
  • 19. Cerca de- near  Depués de- after  Arriba- up  Abajo de- under  Detrás de- behind  Enfrente de- in front of
  • 20. Singular Masculine Feminine Plural Masculine Feminine this éste ésta these éstos éstas that ése ésa those ésos ésas that (way over aquél aquélla those (way aquéllos aquéllas there) over there)