Concepts of Matter and Energy- Incomplete

1. Concepts of
Matter and
Energy

2. Matter
- It is anything that
occupies space and
has mass.

4. Matter
* Solids- Has shape and
mass.
* Liquids- Has mass but it
conforms the shape of its
container.

6. Changes that occur:
Physical Change- Change
that occurs commonly in solid
materials but are possible to
happen in liquid materials like
water.

7. Water, when put on
a fridge becomes
ice and when put
outside the fridge, it
melts due to the
exposure of water
into the high
temperature of the
environment. It is
physical change
because wether the
water change into
two forms, it
maintains its

9. Chemical Change- A change
that usually happens when
the components of the
material (or variable) are
interchanged.

10. When
apple
reacts to
oxygen.
Through
the process
of
oxidation.

11. Energy
- It has a less mass
- Do not take up space
- Means– ability to work
- It puts matter into motion
• Kinetic Energy- Energy in motion.
• Potential Energy- Stored energy. (E.g.
Batteries)

12. Forms of Energy
• Chemical Energy
• Electrical Energy
• Mechanical Energy
• Radiant Energy

13. Chemical Energy
-Stored in the bonds of chemical
substances.
• How bonds are broken?
- The stored energy is unleashed and
becomes kinetic energy. (From
potential to kinetic)
E.g. Gasoline Molecules

15. Electrical Energy
- Results from movement of
charged particles.
E.g. In your house. (flow of
electrons)

17. Mechanical Energy
- Directly involved in moving matter.
E.g. When you ride a bicycle.
It basically consumes your stored energy
from the foods you eat. It is through the process
catabolic metabolism.

19. Radiant Energy
- It is the energy of electromagnetic
spectrum.
- It travels in waves.
• Commonly used in:
- X-Rays (in medical purposes)
- Infrared (usually on smartphones near
2000’s)
- Visible light (From florescent lights at
home)
- Radio (As you observe, it uses

21. Energy Form Conversions
- With few exceptions energy is easily converted
from one form to another.
E.g. Electrical energy Light energy

22. Always remember,
“ All energy conversions that occur
in the body liberate heat.”
“ When matter is heated, its
particles begin to move more
quickly (like when a matter is about
to combust); that is their kinetic

23. Composition of Matter
• Elements
- Unique substances that
can’t be broken down into
simpler substances.
- Such as: Oxygen, Carbon,
Gold, Copper and Iron.

24. Additional Knowledge:
112 Elements are known with
certainty,
113-116 are alleged
92 of these elements occur
naturally and

25. Chemical Elements that made
up 96% of body weight:
• Carbon
• Oxygen
• Hydrogen
• Nitrogen

26. Atoms
- Building block of an element
- Smallest particle that still
remains its special
properties.

27. Atomic Symbol
- One or two-letter chemical
shorthand

28. Atomic Structure
- Atom– gk. Incapable of being
divided.
- It is accepted as a scientific truth.
“According to this notion, you could
theoretically divides pure element
such as block of gold into smaller
and smaller particles until you

29. The atoms representing the
112-plus elements are
composed of different numbers
and proportions of three-basic
sub-atomic particle which differs
in mass, electrical charge and
location within the atom.

30. • Proton (p⁺) – Have positive
charge.
• Neutron (n⁰)- Uncharged one or
neutral
- They are heavy particles and they
have approximately the same
mass.
• Electrons (e⁻)- They are tiny and

31. Electrical Charges
Positive to Positive
Negative to Negative
They
repel
each
other

32. Positive to Negative
Negative to Positive
They
attract
each
other

33. Neutrals nor attract or repel
each other.

34. The number of protons is equal
to the number of electrons
because they cancel out the
effect of each other.
• Ions are atoms that have
gained or lost electrons.

35. Planetary and Orbital Model
of an Atom
• Planetary Model of an Atom
- Portrays the atom as a miniature
solar system in which protons and
neutrons are clustered at the
center of the atom at the atomic
nucleus.
*Nucleus- Contains heavy particles

36. • Orbital Model
- The electrons outside the
nucleus is represented by the
electron cloud. In which
electrons are more present in
the denser shaded part of the
model.

37. How to Identify Elements?
Based on the following:
1.Atomic Number
2.Atomic Mass
3.Atomic Weight

38. 1. Atomic Number
- Is equal to the number of protons its
atom contain.
- Atomic number of an atom is unique.

39. 2. Atomic Mass Number
- The sum of the protons and
neutrons.
The mass of electron is so small
that it is usually ignored.

40. 3. Atomic Weight Depends on the
Isotopes
- Isotopes has the same number of
protons and electrons but
different in the number of
neutrons. Thus, isotopes of an
element has the same number of
atomic number but have different
atomic masses.

41. Radioisotopes
- Heavy isotopes
- Unstable and tend to
decompose to become more
stable.
• Radio Activity- Spontaneous
atomic decay.

42. Thank You!
Prepared by Pulleymazzzing
Elaine N. Marieb’s Essentials of Human
Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Ed., pp. 26-32