Why the need to shift focus from Intergrated Pest Management to Integrated Crop Management & have a holistic approach towards farming ?

1. T H E R I G H T P E R S P E C T I V E
the
Coming wheat and why India needs to change from IPM to ICM …!
ICM Principles
ü Right soil fertility
ü Right seed variety
Managing wheat…. ü Right seeding
- the right way ! ü Right fertilizers
Globally, there is a pressure on increasing the yield/acre for all
crops as the land shrinks day by day and the population touches
ü Right pesticides
7billion by end of 2011, thus the advent of Precision Agriculture
With Indian farmers still being falling prey to IPM, the time has
come to shift focus to ICM (Intensive Cereal Management) as the ü Right growth regulators
trend is worldwide.
ICM is not a “cookbook” as each principle must be assessed
individually and w.r.t. each farmer. The aim is to best produce
what can be with effective use of the Right Resources.
In India the Pesticide manufacturers always promote the
products which bring the most greenbacks to them (obviously).
Some companies have now started venturing to the market by
expanding their portfolio with fertilizers/growth regulators, etc
as IPM will eventually be replace by a holistic approach like
ICM (Integrated Crop Management).

2. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
Agro-Climatic Zones in India
India is divided into 15 agro-climatic regions. These are further divided into
more homogenious 72 sub-zones.The 15 agro-climatic zones are:
1. Western Himalayan Region: J&K, HP, UP, Uttranchal
2. Eastern Himalayan Region: Assam Sikkim, W.Bengal
& all North-Eastern states
3. Lower Gangetic Plains Region: W.Bengal
4. Middle Gangetic Plains Region: UP, Bihar
5. Upper Gangetic Plains Region: UP
6. Trans-Gangetic Plains Region: Punjab, Haryana, Delhi
& Rajasthan
7. Eastern Plateau and Hills Region: Maharashtra, UP,
Orissa & W.Bengal
8. Central Plateau and Hills Region: MP, Rajasthan, UP
9. Western Plateau and Hills Region: Maharashtra, MP &
Rajasthan
10. Southern Plateau and Hills Region: AP, Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu
11. East Coast Plains and Hills Region: Urissa, AP, TN,&
Pondicherry
12. West Coast Plains and Ghat Region : TN, Kerala,
Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra
13. Gujarat Plains and Hills Region: Gujarat
14. Western Dry Region: Rajasthan
15. The Islands Region: Andaman & Nicobar,
Lakshadweep
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3. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
WHEAT GROWING ZONES OF INDIA
Geographically India has been divided into six Wheat Zones
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4. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
WHEAT GROWING ZONES OF INDIA
Geographically India has been divided into six Wheat Zones
1. Northern Hills Zone (NHZ)
The northern hills Zone comprises of western Himalayan regions of J&K (except Jammu
and Kathua distt.), Himachal Pradesh (except Una and Paonta valley), Uttaranchal
(except Tarai area), Sikkim and hills of West Bengal and N.E.States. This Zone has Wheat
growing area of 0.8 mha which is predominantly rainfed. Av. productivity of wheat in this
zone is 16.64 q/ha. The major constraints in wheat production in this zone is water
stress, yellow and brown rusts, late sowing and low plant population.
2. North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ)
This zone comprises of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur
divisions) and Western U.P.(except Jhansi division),Jammu and Kathua districts fo J&K,
Una district and Paonta valley of HP and tarai region of Uttaranchal Pradesh.This zone has
wheat growing area of about 9.5 million hectares. The average productivity of wheat in
this zone is 39.4 q/ha. The major wheat production constraints of this zone are weed
infestation particularly Phalaris minor and wild oat, Yellow and brown rusts, Karnal bunt,
powdery mildew, foliar blight and termites.
3. North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ)
This zone comprises of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa,
Assam, Sikkim and plains of far eastern states under irrigated conditions.This zone has
wheat growing area of about 9.5 million hectares and average productivity of wheat in
this zone is 25.1 q.ha. This zone hasthe second highest share in total wheat production of
India. Major constraints of this zone are leaf blight & brown rst, delayed sowings, lack of
seeds of improved varieties, weed like bathua; wild oat and phalaris minor, low plant
population and zinc deficiency.
4. Central Zone (CZ)
This zone comprises of Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jhansi division of UP and
Kota and Udaipur division of Rajasthan. This zone has wheat growing area of about 4.5
million hectares and average productivity of wheat in this zone is 24.1 q.ha. This zone is
recognized for growing quality durums for export. Major constraints of this zone are leaf &
stem rust, termites, rodents and prevalent drought conditions
5. Peninsular Zone (PZ)
This zone comprises of Southern states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Goa
and plains of Tamil Nadu.This zone has wheat growing area of about 1.5 million hectares
and average productivity of wheat in this zone is 29.8 q.ha. Besides bread and durum
wheat, dicoccum wheat is also popularly grown in this zone. Major constraints of this zone
are leaf and brown rust, attack of aphid, grain discoloration and water stress.
6. Southern Hills Zone (SHZ)
This zone comprises of hills of Tamil Nadu and Kerala comprising the Nilgiri and Palni hills
of southern plateau. This zone has wheat growing area of about 0.2 million hectares and
average productivity of wheat in this zone is 10 q.ha. Major constraints of this zone are
attack of termites followed by lodging, attack of birds, delayed sowing and black rust.
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5. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
The principles of ICM are from being a
holistic is just use of common sense being
applied to the field using available
historic data
Right soil fertility
• Soil Testing must be a religion to be
followed so that accurate nutrient data can
be tabulated
• Plotting a field for different nutrients
application thereby making a conscious
effort to increase crop yield must be a
routine
• Base fertilizers like Urea is generally over-
used causes antagonism of other
Micronutrients hence provision must be
made for effective spraying of liquid
Right seed variety
In the Indian Context, it would be worth to look at :
HD-2894 (2008) - High yielding variety for NCR Delhi,
with an average yield of 5.2 t/ha having a protein
content of 12.9%, high gluten score, and good chapati
making. It is developed by IARI New Delhi
Right seeding
Optimum Sowing Time : 10-25 November
Amount of Seed : 125-130 Kg/ha
Late Sowing Time : 1-20 December
Amount of Seed : 130-150 Kg/ha
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6. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
Right fertilizers
Adequate soil fertility is one of the requirements for profitable
winter wheat production : Some Tips :
1. Nitrogen (N) is the most yield-limiting nutrient.
2. Phosphorus (P) is the next most limiting nutrient
3. Sulfur (S) may be limiting on some soils.
4. Potassium (K) is generally are sufficient for wheat production
5. Using Humic Acid to increase the organic content of soil would be
a advantageous for N absorption
Right pesticides
Common Wheat Diseases & Insects which need to be
looked into :
1. Leaf Rust /Brown Rust
2. Stripe Rust /Yellow Rust
3. Stem Rust /Black Rust
4. Karnal Bunt
5. Foliar Blights
6. Powdery Mildew
7. Cereal Cyst Nematode
8. Brown Wheat Mite
9. Army Worm
10. Termite
Right micronutrients
EDTA Chelated or the even better
Lignosulphonates should be given by Foliar spray :
1. EDTA/Ligno Iron
2. EDTA/Ligno Manganese
3. EDTA/Ligno Zinc
4. Ligno Complexed with Boron
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7. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
THE RIGHT MICRONUTRIENTS
Why LignoSulphonate MicroNutrients…..?
Stronger binding sites = chelate structure
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8. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
THE RIGHT MICRONUTRIENTS
Why LignoSulphonate MicroNutrients…..?
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9. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
THE RIGHT MICRONUTRIENTS
Why PolyCarb™ - LignoSulphonate MicroNutrients…..??
Active chelate sites
PolyCarb™ is able to chelate metal ions due to the presence of hydroxyl,
carboxyl & sulphonyl groups
CEC
PolyCarb™ has a very high Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) due to a higher
availability of binding sites in its molecule
Origin
PolyCarb™ being of plant origin, its chelated micronutrients are more natural
than synthetic chelates
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10. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
THE RIGHT MICRONUTRIENTS
Why PolyCarb™ - LignoSulphonate MicroNutrients…..??
PolyCarb™ provides a good distribution of micronutrients on leaf surface & thereby
substituting the need of additional adjuvants when used with other foliar formulations
PolyCarb™ minimizes the risk of leaf scorching and so higher metal concentrations
could be used favoring the diffusion to the phloem
PolyCarb™ has a lower point of deliquescence (POD) than inorganic salts & complexes
used in foliar nutrition which means it can hold moisture longer & rehydrate more
rapidly even in a dry environment. Low POD helps foliar uptake rate of micronutrients
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11. THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE Purvish Diwanji
By 2050 there would be 9billion people to be fed and if the Right
steps are not taken today the next war will not be for Oil, Gas,
Gold, Land, Water but surely for FOOD !
Though we have talked about ICM as a holistic approach, more
needs to be talked and even more needs to be done on fronts like
Water Conservation, better Irrigation Models, Adapting to
Climate Change, using better Fertilizer Technology, Liquid
fertilizer, Control Release Fertilizer, the shifting seasons and last
but not the least more yield/acre since the arable land is shrinking
by the minute – probably a few hectares have already been
converted to Skyscrapers or Express-Ways or Airports by the time
you have finished reading this article……!
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