3. ROBOTICS HISTORY
• First use of work “Robotics
• Three law of Robotics
• The First Robot “ Ultimate”
4. FRIST USE OF WORD ROBOTICS
• The acclaimed Czech playwright Karel Capek (1890
1938) made the first use of the word ‘robot’, from the
Czech word for forced labor or serf. Capek was
reportedly several times a candidate for the Nobel prize
for his works and very influential and prolific as a writer
and playwright
5. THERE ARE THERE LAW OF ROBOTICS
• Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added a 'zeroth
law'.
• Law Zero: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity
to come to harm. Law One: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher
order law. Law Two: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except
where such orders would conflict with a higher order law. Law Three: A robot
must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a
higher order law.
• The first Unimate was installed
6. THE FIRST ROBOT “UNIMATE”
The first Unimate was installed at a General Motors plant to work with heated die-
casting machines. In fact most Unimates were sold to extract die castings from die
casting machines and to perform spot welding on auto bodies, both tasks being
particularly hateful jobs for people. Both applications were commercially successful,
i.e., the robots worked reliably and saved money by replacing people Unimation is
still in production today, with robots for sale.
8. ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY
• Most industrial robots have at least the following five parts
1 – SENSORS
2 – EFFECTORS
3 – ACTUATORS
4 – CONTROLLERS
5 - ARMS
9. 1- SENSORS
• Most robots of today are nearly deaf and blind. Sensors
can provide some limited feedback to the robot so it can
do its job. The sensor sends information, in the form of
electronic signals back to the controller. Sensors also
give the robot controller information about its
surroundings and lets it know the exact position of the
arm, or the state of the world around it.
10. 2 - EFFECTORS
An effector is any device that affects the environment. Robots
control their effectors, which are also known as end effectors.
Effectors include legs, wheels, arms, fingers, wi ngs and fins.
Controllers cause the effectors to produce desired effects on the
environment
11. 3 - ACTUATORS
• Actuators, also known as drives, are mechanisms for getting robots to move.
Most actuators are powered by pneumatics (air pressure), hydraulics (fluid
pressure), or motors (electric current). Most actuation uses electromagnetic
motors and gears but there have been frequent uses of other forms of actuation
including NiTinOL"muscle-wires" and inexpensive Radio Control servos.
12. 4 - CONTROLLERS
• The robot connects to a computer, which keeps
the pieces of the arm working together. This
computer is the controller. The controller
functions as the "brain" of the robot. The
controller can also network to other systems, so
that the robot may work together with other
machines, processes, or robots
13. 5 - ARMS
• The robot arm comes in all shapes and sizes and is the single most important part
in robotic architecture. The arm is the part of the robot that positions the End
Effector and Sensors to do their pre-programmed business. Many (but not all)
resemble human arms, and have shoulders, elbows, wrists, even fingers. This gives
the robot a lot of ways to position itself in its
14. TYPES OF ROBOT
• 1 – REMOTE CONTROLLED ROBOTS
• 2 – MOBILE ROBOTS
• 3 – WALKING ROBOTS
• 4 – AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
• 5 – ROLLING ROBOTS
15. 1 – REMOTE CONTROLLED ROBOTS
• An autonomous robot is despite its autonomous not a
very clever or intelligent unit. The memory and brain
capacity is usually limited, an autonomous robot can
be compared to an insect in that respect . In case a
robot needs to perform more complicated yet
undetermined tasks an autonomous robot is not the
right choice.
16. 2 – MOBILE ROBOTS
• Mobile robots are able to move, usually they perform task such as search areas. A prime
example is the Mars Explorer, specifically designed to roam the mars surface . Mobile robots
are a great help to such collapsed building for survivors Mobile robots are used for task
where people cannot go. Either because it is too dangerous of because people cannot reach
the area that needs to be searched.
17. 3 – WALKING ROBOTS
• Robots on legs are usually brought in when the terrain is rocky and difficult to
enter with wheels. Robots have a hard time shifting balance and keep them from
tumbling. That’s why most robots with have at least 4 of them, usually they have
6 legs or more.
18. 4 – AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
• Autonomous robots are self supporting or in other
words self contained. In a way they rely on their own
‘brains’. Autonomous robots run a program that give
them the opportunity to decide on the action to
perform depending on their surroundings. At times
these robots even learn new behavior.
19. 5 – ROLLING ROBOTS
• Rolling robots have wheels to move around. These are the type of robots that can quickly
and easily search move around. However they are only useful in flat areas, rocky terrains
give them a hard time. Flat terrains are their territory.
