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1. Welding Joint Design and
Welding Symbols
WORK DONE BY
RAJA K
MECHANICAL ENGINEER
(TEKLA STRUCTURES)
MOB :- +971 0558384955.

2.  After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
◦ Sketch the five basic welding joints
◦ Explain the factors that must be considered when
choosing a weld joint design
◦ Discuss the factors to consider when selecting a weld
joint design
◦ List and explain the information that can be included on a
welding symbol
◦ Sketch a welding symbol and identify the components

3.  Refers to the way pieces of metal are put together
or aligned with each other
◦ The five (5) basic weld joint designs are:

4. Butt Joint
Lap Joint
Corner Joint
Tee Joint
Edge Joint
Name five basic weld joints that may be found in a weldment.

6. Two ways of fitting up an outside corner joint.
Open Corner Closed Corner

7. NOTE: "fillet weld" = a triangular shaped weld in a corner
Name three types of joints that use fillet welds?

8.  Accessibility for welding
 Strength requirements
 Cyclic or static loading
 Material thickness
 Welding process to be used
 Material type
 Code Requirements
 Cost
Side Note: some considerations in selecting a type of joint to
use on a fabrication.

9. Bevel Groove Vee Groove
J Groove
U GrooveSquare Groove
Name two edge preparations used with butt joints.

10. Edge preparations used with butt joints.

11. More Important Groove Preparations:
Bevel Groove – single and double
Vee Groove – single and double

12. 1
2
1 2 3
4
Single V Groove
Double V Groove

13.  Cost
◦ A number of items affect weld cost
Even a slight change in groove angle can save time and money.

14.  Weld Size
 Weld Faults

15. NOTE:
While Leg Size is the usual
method to specify and
measure weld size, the
Effective Throat is a more
accurate measure of fillet
weld strength!
Effective
Throat
Actual Throat
Leg Size2
Leg Size1
Theoretical
Throat
Convexity
¼
How is the size of a fillet determined and what is used to
measure it?

16. 1. After selecting specified size
gauge from set, measure
Leg1
2. Measure Leg2
3. Verify throat with other side
of gauge (face of gauge
should touch weld)
L1
L2
3/8
How To Use A Fillet Gauge

17.  Undercut – most predominant
weld fault
◦ Fix: Short arc length, proper
amperage and speed

18. Describe four typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds.

19. Other typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds:
Porosity:
Lack of shielding gas
Wet electrode
Greasy material

20. Other typical faults in single-pass horizontal fillet welds:
Slag Inclusion: Improper cleaning / removal of slag

21. Porosity
Undercut
Poor Fitup
Lack of Penetration

22. F = Fillet
G = Groove
1 = Flat
2 = Horizontal
3 = Vertical
4 = Overhead

23. G = Groove
1 = Horizontal Rolled
2 = Vertical
5 = Horizontal Fixed
6 = 45 Incline

24. Welding Symbols

26. Welding Symbols (cont’d.)
3 parts of the welding symbol body:
Arrow
Reference Line
Tail

27.  Welding symbols
◦ Applied to reference
line at the base
 Reference lines have
an arrow side (near
side) and other side
(far side)

28. No size specified
What if the symbol
were on this side?
Sketch the weld required by this symbol.

29. As you see in this example,
the weld symbol usually
looks like the weld cross
section shape!
Symbol must be above
the reference line
indicating make weld on
"Other Side" of joint from
where arrow is pointing.
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown.

30. 1/4
1/4 3/8
1/4
(1/4 x 3/8)
Nothing in the symbol specifies
unequal leg size location.
If there are not obvious reasons to put larger leg on one side of
joint (e.g. thicker metal), then it must be specified on drawing.
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

31. 1/4
1/4
3/8
3/8
1/4
3/8
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

32. 3/16
3/16
3/16 3 - 9
3/16
3 9
3/16
Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

33. 1/2
1/2 2 - 8
2 - 8
1/2
1/2
1/2
2 8
Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

34. 1/4
3/8
1 3
1 3
1/4 1 - 3
3/8 1 - 3
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

35. 1/4
1/2
1/2
2 3 1/2
1/2 x 1/4 2 – 3 ½
1/2 x 1/4 2 – 3 ½
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

36. GTAW
1/8
Process:
Contour:
Finishing Method:
1/8
"TIG"
Flat
Welding
NOTE: The “Weld All Around”
symbol is not required for
pipe weld connections but
may be included for clarity
In other cases, it is needed
to specify that requirement
Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions
and notes.

37. GTAW
1/8
Process:
Contour:
Finishing Method:
1/8
"TIG"
Flat
Welding
NOTE: The “Flag” symbol.
Indicates field weld or on-site welding
Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions
and notes.

38. NOTE: The broken arrow line should be used
to point at the side to be prepared.
NOTE: The vertical line must
always be on the left side.
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown.

39. 40
3/8
3/8
40°
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

40. Process:
Contour:
Finishing Method:
1/4
FCAW
1/4 G
Flux Cored
Arc Welding
Convex
Grinding
Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions
and notes.

41. 3/16
3/16
NOTE: Efforts should be made to avoid
Hi/Lows for a smooth surface
SURFACING FUNCTIONS:
 Buildup
 Stainless Overlay
 Abrasion Resistant Overlay
Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

42. 2
1/8
1/8 2
Complete the welding symbol that specifies the weld shown
including dimension specifications.

43. 1 1/4
1/8
45
3/8 (1/2)
3/8
1/2
SMAW
FCAW
SMAW
3/8
1/8
45°
13/8
1/2
2 3
Sketch the weld required by this symbol including dimensions.

44. THE END
THANK YOU
WORK DONE BY
RAJA K
MECHANICAL ENGINEER
(TEKLA STRUCTURES)
MOB :- +971 0558384955.