The document summarizes research on teaching reading. It identifies several factors that impact reading instruction, including student proficiency, age, first language, motivation, cognitive processing abilities, teacher skills, and institutional settings. It also outlines various abilities needed for effective reading comprehension, such as word recognition fluency, vocabulary, background knowledge, language skills, comprehension strategies, understanding text structure, strategic reading skills, reading fluency, extensive reading practice, and intrinsic motivation. Finally, it lists specific instructional techniques and approaches that can be used to develop these abilities and promote reading comprehension.

1. From the Annual review of applied linguistics Grabe (2004) Research On Teaching Reading

2. Variables that impactreading instruction Student proficiency Age L1/L2 relations Motivation Cognitive processing factors Teacher factors Curriculum and materials resources Instructional setting Institutional factors

4. Vocabulary learning

5. Background knowledge

6. Language knowledge

8. Promote the strategic reader

9. Build reading fluency and rate

10. Promote extensive reading

11. Intrinsic motivation for reading

13. Emphasize Vocabulary Learning and Create a Vocabulary Rich Environment

14. Activate Background Knowledge in Appropriate Ways

15. Ensure Effective Language Knowledge and General Comprehension Skills

16. Comprehension Strategies to increase Reading Comprehension Prior knowledge activation Mental imagery Graphic organizers Text structure awareness Comprehension monitoring Question answering Question generating Mnemonic support practice Summarization

17. Teach Text Structure and Discourse Organizaion

18. Promote the Strategic Reader Rather Than Teach Individual Strategies

20. ETR: Experience – Text – Relate

21. QAR: Question – Answer – Response

22. DR – TA Directed Reading and Thinking Activities

24. Direct Explanation

25. Question the author

26. Transactional Strategies Instruction

28. Promote Extensive Reading

29. Develop Intrinsic Motivation for Reading

30. Plan a Coherent Curriculum for Student Learning