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Goal #1

             The       asks a
clarifying question on the      .



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Goal #2

                 answers the
question.



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Goal #3

                 asks why
something is necessary to be
taught.


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Goal #4

               The      answers and
explains that the question is wrong
and that the information is
necessary.
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Goal #5

            The       asks why
something is necessary to be
taught.


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Goal #6

            The       answers and
teaches us why the information is
necessary.


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Goal #7

                 The       asks a
challenge on the answer just given.
The        asks if what was said
above is true the       in the
should have been written
differently.
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Goal #8

                 agrees with the
question and presents an
alternative answer to the original
question.
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Goal #9

              The       asks a
question on     ‘s answer.



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Goal #10

                The             answers
the question.



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Goal #11

              The       poses
another possible question on    ‘s
answer.


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Goal #12

            The             answers the
question.



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•The       wants to know what is the
       referring to when it says “     ”?




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•      explains that when the         said
        “           ” it was referring to the part
of the      that says,
 “             ”,               .




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•     asks, if the       says, “             ”,
       why does the          need to specifically
list:                     ? Aren’t these items
included in “all lost objects of your brother”?




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•The          already explained why it is
         necessary for the        to write the
case of          . The       therefore explains
that if the        would have only written
and not the case of        , I would have come
to a wrong conclusion. I would have
thought that a          you must return since
the          are on the object itself. However,
by a        the        are on the saddle and
not the donkey itself. Therefore, I would
have thought you do not need to return the
     . We now see that it is necessary to
include the case of         in the       to teach
us that you need to return even the           .
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                           Listen to explanation
•Now that we understand why the
        needed to write        and       the
      asks why is it necessary for the        to
write     and    ? Aren’t they included in the
part of the     that says, “all lost objects of
your brother”?




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•The      needs to write       to teach us that
       a person is even obligated to return
the sheerings of an ox’s tail. The       also
needs to write     to teach us that a person is
even obligated to return the sheerings of a
sheep.




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•The        says if it is true that the       wrote
            to include its tail’s sheerings and
    to include its sheerings, then there is a
question. The           should have only written
the case of       and not       . Certainly if you
need to return the sheerings of the ox’s tail
then you need to return the sheerings of a
sheep. Why does the              need to list    ?




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•     explains that the         writing     is a
        difficulty. There are two cases that
    explains where the           writes a specific
item and there seems to be nothing to learn
from them. According to                there is
nothing to be learnt from the          writing the
case of a donkey getting damaged by a pit.
According to everyone there is nothing to be
learnt from the        writing the case of
being returned.




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• Maybe the        writes the case of  to
        teach us that a person even needs to
return lost manure. Therefore, the word
is not extra and is needed.




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• Since manure is not worth a lot no one is
       going to claim it, making it ownerless.
Therefore, if some one found manure he
would not need to return it. The word      is
not coming to include manure.




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• There was a question if the concept of
                is from the     or from the
     . Perhaps the word       teaches us that
the ability to get back an object by giving
       is from the        .




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• The word       is not coming to teach us that
         the concept of         are from the
     . We taught in our          that the word
       is needed to teach us that any object
with a        and a claimer, a person is
obligated to return. So we see that the word
       is used to teach that the concept of
        is from the      . Therefore, the word
    still seems not to be needed.



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– The         will explain it.




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– To exclude something
      that we know the owner has given up
hope on.




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– The                  says, “
                         ”, and “
                       ”.




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– There is no      on the donkey,
        but there is a     on the saddle that
is on the      .




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– It is an extra       to teach
us something else.




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– Even the hair at the end of the
tail you need to return.




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– To return the manure. If the
       only wrote     , I would have thought
that you are not obligated to return manure.
Therefore, the       wrote     to include the
obligation to return manure.




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– No one is going to trouble
        himself to return for the manure and
claim it.




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Replace




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Object
 listed in             Law it teaches


         -
                             ?
  clothing


        -
                             ?
   donkey


        – ox                 ?




     - sheep                 ?



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Object
 listed in             Law it teaches


         -
                                ?
  clothing

                   You need to return something
        -            that does not have a    if
   donkey          there is something with a
                               with it.


        – ox                    ?




     - sheep                    ?



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Object
 listed in             Law it teaches


         -
  clothing

                   You need to return something
        -            that does not have a    if
   donkey          there is something with a
                               with it.


        – ox                    ?




     - sheep                    ?



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Object
 listed in               Law it teaches


         -
  clothing

                   You need to return something
        -            that does not have a    if
   donkey          there is something with a
                               with it.

                       You even need to return the
        – ox             sheerings of an ox’s tail.



                       You even need to return the
     - sheep              sheerings of a sheep.


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Object
 listed in               Law it teaches


         -
  clothing

                   You need to return something
        -            that does not have a    if
   donkey          there is something with a
                               with it.

                       You even need to return the
        – ox             sheerings of an ox’s tail.



                        You even need to return
     - sheep                   manure.


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Object
 listed in               Law it teaches


         -
  clothing

                   You need to return something
        -            that does not have a    if
   donkey          there is something with a
                               with it.

                       You even need to return the
        – ox             sheerings of an ox’s tail.


                        The idea that you return
     - sheep            something with a       is
                                        .


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Object
 listed in               Law it teaches

                    Anything with a     and the
         -
                   owner has not given up hope –
  clothing             you need to return it.

                   You need to return something
        -            that does not have a    if
   donkey          there is something with a
                               with it.

                       You even need to return the
        – ox             sheerings of an ox’s tail.



     - sheep                     EXTRA!



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Goal #1

             The              quotes a
          between                  and the
    .


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Goal #2

              The        asks what the
practical difference is between the
two practices.


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Goal #3

                 makes a
distinction between the two
opinions.


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Goal #4

              The            asks a
question on the   .



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Goal #5

            The             answers the
question.



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Goal #6

              The                 asks a
question on                   .



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Goal #7

            The             answers the
question.



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Goal #8

              The                 asks a
question on                   .



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Goal #9

            The             answers the
question.



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Goal #10

              The             asks a
question on the           .



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Goal #11

            The             answers the
question.



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Goal #12

              The                 asks a
question on                   .



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Goal #13

            The             answers the
question.



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Goal #14

                  argues with
and presents a different distinction
between the        and            .


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Goal #15

            The       asks a
question on   ’s answer.



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Goal #16

              The       gives a
different distinction between the
       and           according to
     .
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Goal #17

            The       asks a
question on   ’s answer.



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Goal #18

              The       gives a
different distinction between the
       and           according to
     .
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•The        quotes a        that brings a
               between the        and
     , with regard to the source from the
for not needing to return an object that is
worth less than a        .

   •The           learns it from the words
          ,                  .

   •The               learns it from the word
              ,                .


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•The            asks what is the practical
           difference between the        and
       .




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•    explains that the difference between
      the      and            is how they
understand the words of the       .




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•The      asks, according to the     who
      learn the     of the       from the
words             what do they do with the
word          ?




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•The      answers that the      use the
       word         to teach us the     is
like    .

•       says that you might have thought that
       a person is not obligated to pick up
and return the lost object of a non-Jew, but
once he picked it up, then there is an
obligation to return the object to him. The
word            teaches us that even once you
pick up a lost object of a non-Jew, there still
is no obligation to return it.


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•The     asks, according to          who
     learns the      of the       from the
word          what does he do with words
          ?




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•The          answers that         uses the
         words             to teach us the
       is like       .

•           says in the name of
        that the words              teaches us
that in the case of where a river would sweep
away an object and although you can save it,
the owner cannot, then you may keep it,
even if the object has a      . The
implies only things that are lost to the owner,
but “findable” to everyone else are you
obligated to return. However, something that
is “lost” to everyone else also, those items
you may keep.

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•According to          that uses the word
                to teach us that something
worth less than a       you do not need to
return, then where does he know the        of
       from?




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•The        explains that according to
        the letter    in the beginning of the
word             is really extra. The letter
implies that the object has already been
found, meaning it has already come into the
finder’s hand. Therefore, according to
     ,       ’s       is derived from the extra
   .




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•According to the       who use the words
                   to teach us that something
worth less than a        you do not need to
return, then where do they learn the      of
         from?




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•The       answers that according to the
      the word         in the    is used to
teach us the ruling of        .




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•According to         who derives the
      of        from the word         ,
what does he use the word       for?




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•The          answers that according to
               the entire phrase,
       , is needed to teach the      of   .




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•    explains that a situation of where at the
       time the object was lost it was worth a
     , but by the time the object was found it
had depreciated and was worth less than a
     .

• According to the      who focus on the
       words              , you would need to
return the object since at the time it was lost
it was worth a       .

• However, according to           , who
        derives the law of the       from the
word            , you would not need to return
it since it was worth less than a       at the
time it was found.
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•The         asks that even according to the
              , who focus on the words
      , they would agree that since the
also writes            , if the object is not worth
a         at the time it was found then you do
not need to return it. Therefore, a case
where the object is worth a             at the time
it was lost and then depreciates to less than
a         worth by the time it was found,
everyone would agree you do not need to
return it.




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•     explains that a situation of where at the
       time the object was lost it was worth
less than a       , but by the time the object
was found it had appreciated and was worth
more than a         .

• According to the      who focus on the
       words             , you would not
need to return the object since at the time it
was lost it was worth less than a        .

• However, according to             , who
        derives the law of the         from the
word           , you would need to return it
since it was worth a         at the time it was
found.
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                        Listen to explanation
•The        asks that even according to the
             , who focus on the words
         , he would agree that since the
also writes              , if the object is not
worth a         at the time it was lost then you
do not need to return it. Therefore, a case
where the object is worth less than a           at
the time it was lost even though it
appreciated to a          worth by the time it
was found, everyone would agree you do not
need to return it.




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•       explains that when the object was lost it was
          worth a        . Later, while the object was still
lost, it depreciated to less than a         worth.
However, by the time the object was found it had
appreciated to value of a          .

• According to the       , who derives the        of the
                 from the words               , you would
be obligated to return the object since it was worth a
       at the time it was lost, and it is worth a       at
the time it was found.

• According to           , who derives the       of the
                 from the word            , you would not
be obligated to return the object since it was not worth
a        from the time it was lost until the time it was
found. According to             the obligation to return a
lost object is only when the object has maintained a
value of a         or more the entire time it was lost.
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– That it is considered a lost
object.




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– That it is considered a found
object.




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– You might have thought
        that the      obligated you to return
an object of a non-Jew if you had picked it
up. This is not true. Even if you have picked
up the object, you are still not obligated to
return it to a non-Jew.



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– Since it wrote in the
the word      , it wrote          .




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– The extra   implies that it was
already found.




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– At the time it was lost it was worth a
            and at the time it was found it
had depreciated.




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1




                            1




 1   – Something worth less than a        you are not
      obligated to return.




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1    ????


                               1




 1   – Something worth less than a        you are not
      obligated to return.




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1        2




                            1




 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.




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1        2




            ????            1




 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.




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1            2




                     3           1




 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.
     3   – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even
         if the object had a      , you may keep it.




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????


                    1            2




                     3           1              2




 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.
     3   – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even
         if the object had a      , you may keep it.




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of



                    1            2




                     3           1               2




 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.
     3   – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even
         if the object had a      , you may keep it.




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of
                                                       ????


                    1            2                            3




                     3           1               2




 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.
     3   – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even
         if the object had a      , you may keep it.




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of



                    1            2                         3




                     3           1               2




 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.
     3   – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even
         if the object had a      , you may keep it.




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of



                    1            2                            3




                     3           1               2
                                                       ????



 1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
     obligated to return.
2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

     of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
     up.
     3   – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even
         if the object had a      , you may keep it.




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of



                         1            2                            3




                          3           1               2        4




      1 – Something worth less than a         you are not
          obligated to return.
     2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object

          of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it
          up.
          3   – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even
              if the object had a      , you may keep it.
---4 – According to              the word         is taught with
          the words                 .

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8:35 AM                       6:47 PM



                       ½



                  1




         – Keep it                 – Return it


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8:35 AM                       6:47 PM


                       1



                  ½




      – Return it                  – Keep it


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8:35 AM                               6:47 PM
                    1:04 PM
                         ½
                              1



                1




           – Keep it                  – Return it


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h
Goal #1

            The            asks a
question.



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Goal #2

            The      asks a
question on the above question.



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Goal #3

              The         explains
what the practical difference is.



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Goal #4

          The       quotes a
     to answer the original
question.

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Goal #5

           The       explains
why this is not a proof.



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Goal #6

            The       quotes a
       to answer the original
question.

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Goal #7

             The         explains
why this is not a proof.



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Goal #8

             The      quotes a
       to answer the original
question.

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Goal #9

           The       explains
why this is not a proof.



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Goal #10

           The       quotes a
     to answer the original
question.

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Goal #11

             The         explains
why this is not a proof.



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Goal #12

         The       challenges
the above explanation.



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Goal #13

            The             answers
the challenge.



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Goal #14

                The      presents
a different reason why clothing
would not be a good      .

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Goal #15

             The       asks a
question on the idea that clothing
is lent out based on a       .

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Goal #16

             The            answers
the question.



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Goal #17

            The              says that
our question is a
between the       .

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Goal #18

               The              explains
the        .



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Goal #19

                 explains why the
       is not the same as our
question.

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Goal #20

              Another possible
explanation why the        is
not the same as our question.

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Goal #21

            Another possible
explanation why the        is
not the same as our question.

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Goal #22

                 answers the
    ’s original question by
posing a question.

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Goal #23

               The       asks a
question on      ’s answer by
answering      ’s question.

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Goal #24

                              asks a
question on        .



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Goal #25

                gives a new
answer.



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Goal #26

              The         asks a
question on         ’s new answer.



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Goal #27

                  answers the
question.



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Goal #28

          The       asks
another question on    ’s new
answer.

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Goal #29

               gives a new
answer.



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Goal #30

                 makes a
statement.



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Goal #31

          The                interrupts
with a question.



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Goal #32

                The             answers
the question.



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Goal #33

                      continues his
statement.



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Goal #34

                makes another
similar statement.



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Goal #35

             The         asks a
question on this ruling.



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Goal #36

            The             answers
the question.



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Goal #37

                makes another
similar statement.



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Goal #38

             The         asks a
question on this ruling.



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Goal #39

            The             answers
the question.



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Goal #40

                makes another
similar statement.



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Goal #41

            The       asks an
information question.



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Goal #42

                The             answers
the question.



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•The       wants to know if the concept of
       returning an object to a person when
he gives a      is from the      or from the
    .




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              Listen to explanation
•What is the practical difference if the
       concept of         is from the      or
from the      ?




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               Listen to explanation
• A practical difference if     is from the       or
        from the       is when a messenger who
was sent to give a , but lost it before giving it to
the woman.

• If          is from the      then you would be
           allowed to return the    to whoever gives
a      .

•If      is from the       then you would not
        be allowed to return the . By monetary
issues the      could tell you to return an object
only using a     , because of the concept
            . However, by issues of
the      would never make a          that you
should return something because of a        .

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                             Listen to explanation
• The        asked why does the           need
       to specifically mention         as an
object you need to return; is it not included in
the statement                 ?

• The word        is needed to teach us that
       anything that has a       and someone
claiming it, you need to return.

• This implies that the concept of        is
        from the      .


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• Really the word        only teaches us that
       you return an object that has a
claimer. It excludes a case where the owner
of the object has given up hope on getting
the object back. The           mentioned
as a side point, but not to indicate that it was
learned from the word         .




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• The         explains why does the
       need to specifically mention       as
an object you need to return; is it not
included in the statement                 ?

• The word        is needed to teach us that
       even something that does not have a
     you would return if there is something
attached to it that does have a     .

• This implies that the concept of        is
        from the      .



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•When the         wrote        perhaps it was to
         teach us that if you have witnesses
that can testify that an object is yours, but
they do not know about the object attached
to it, you need to return both objects to the
owner.




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               Listen to explanation
• The       quotes a           that quotes part
       of the        in               ,
                    . Now, would it have
entered your mind that we should return an
object to someone before someone inquires
about it? Rather the         is instructing us to
investigate if the claimer is a liar or not.

• How could one tell if the claimer of the
      object is lying or not? Is it not by the
claimer giving the       . Therefore, the
concept of        must be           .


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h




• Really the way an individual proves that he
       is not lying about the object being his
is by bringing witnesses that the object is his.




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• The        teaches that a woman may not
       get remarried based on the testimony
of witnesses that her husband had died,
unless the witnesses were able to identify the
body by his face, including the person’s
nose. Even if there were        based on his
height or the clothing he was wearing it
would not help. So we see that the concept
of      is not         .




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              Listen to explanation
• Perhaps the concept of         are really
                 and the reason why a
person’s height and clothing would not be
sufficient to have a woman remarry, is
because they are not considered good          .
A person’s height can not be considered a
      because there are many people who are
tall or short. A person’s clothing can not work
as a       because maybe the husband lent
his clothes to someone else, and the
witnesses really saw the other person who
borrowed the husband’s clothing.



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• If we are concerned about people
        borrowing clothing, making clothing
not a good      when identifying a person,
then why by the case of a saddle and a
donkey is the saddle enough of a       to
obligate you to return the donkey as well?
Should we not be concerned that perhaps
the saddle was borrowed and that it does not
belong to the same owner as the donkey.




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• The         explains that one does not need
         to be concerned that the saddle of a
donkey was borrowed. Most saddles were
custom made and not lent out, otherwise the
saddle could chaff the donkey since it would
not fit properly.




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• The      explains that to use the color of
      the clothing as a      would not be
considered good, since so many people have
the same color clothes.




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• The         says that if one finds a , that
       he was supposed to deliver, tied to his
wallet or signet ring, or he finds it amongst
his utensils, he may deliver it, even if a long
period has elapsed since he lost it. If it is
true that we are concerned in general about
people borrowing clothing, why can we
assume that this is the     that he lost?
Maybe this      is from the person he leant his
clothes to?



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• A person does not lend out his wallet or
       signet ring.

•A person is superstitious that by lending
        someone his wallet his good fortune
will leave him.

• A person does not lend his signet ring
         because he is afraid of someone using
it to forge something in his name.




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• Witnesses say that they saw a dead man
       and identify him by a mole that he
had, can this permit the wife to get
remarried? The            holds that a mole is
not considered enough of a        while
         holds it is.




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• The          is of the opinion that the
        concept of       is       and
therefore, they could not permit a woman to
get remarried based on the usage of a       to
identify her husband. Doing so would permit
an                through a               .

•                 is of the opinion that the
       concept of         is          and
therefore, there is no problem permitting a
woman to get remarried based on the usage
of a     to identify the husband.



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• Both the          and                       are of
the opinion that the concept of          is
         .

• Rather, they argue if a mole is something
       that is found on all people born at the
same time with the same          . The           is
of the opinion that it is, and therefore can not
be considered a         .                is of the
opinion that it is not, and therefore can be
considered a good          .




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• Really both the          and
              agree that the concept of
is          and that a mole is not found on all
people born at the same time and with the
same      .

• Rather, they argue about if a mole changes
       its appearance after a person dies.
The           is of the opinion that a mole
does change its appearance and therefore
can not be considered a good         .
      is of the opinion that a mole does not
change its appearance after death, and
therefore can be considered a good        .
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• Really everyone agrees that a mole is not
       found on everyone born at the same
time and with the same     , and that a mole
does not change its appearance after death,
and that the concept of       is      .

• Rather they argue if a mole is considered a
                   – an expert       . The
    is of the opinion that it is not and
therefore you can not rely on this type of       .
                is of the opinion that it is and
therefore you can rely on this type of        .



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• If the concept of       is only     , how
         could the     allow a person to return
an object based on a        ? Maybe the object
really is not the person’s and you therefore
gave it to the wrong person.




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• It is good for the person who found the
         object to return the object based on
the       , since if he lost an object he would
want to get it back by using a         .




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• Is a person allowed to try and do something
        for his benefit at the cost of someone
else’s possessions?




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• It is good for the person who lost the object
         to have it returned by giving a     .
Since he knows that he does not have any
witnesses that the lost object was his, he
figures that not too many people besides
himself know any of the          that are on the
object, so it would be to his advantage to
allow         to work for claiming lost objects.




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• We learned in the          on that
                  taught if someone finds three
documents with the name of one borrower on
all three, you return them to the borrower. If
someone finds three documents with the
name of one lender on all three, you return
them to the lender.

• Now in the second case where all three
        documents had the name of one
lender, would the borrower really feel it is a
good thing to return it to the lender. Perhaps
the borrower really lost it and had paid it up
already and somehow, through some form of
trickery, the lender figured out the       so he
can try to collect a second time on the loan.
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• The reason why the documents are
       returned to each party in each of the
above cases is not because of        , but
rather based on logic. It is more logical that
only a borrower would have three documents
with his name on all three loans, and it is
more logical that only the lender would have
three documents with his name on all three
loans.




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• We learned in the       on that if
        someone finds documents either
rolled together or bundled together, you may
return them to whoever gives a      .

• Now, is it really to the advantage of the
       borrower to have the documents
returned to the lender. Perhaps he has
already paid the loan back, and through
some form of trickery the lender knows the
      and will try to collect the loan a second
time.


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• Rather the concept of                 is really
               .

• The        quotes a          that quotes part
        of the     in                 ,
                        . Now, would it have
entered your mind that we should return an
object to someone before someone inquires
about it? Rather the         is instructing us to
investigate if the claimer is a liar or not. Is
not the way to investigate by using          ?!



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h



•   says that if the concept of        is
              then ….




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• What do you mean “if”, we not just
      established that the concept of   is
        ?!




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• Earlier when the         presented the     of
                                     as a proof
that the concept of         is        , the
said maybe the way we prove that the
claimer is not a liar is through witnesses.
Therefore, this is not a perfect proof.




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• If two people both give a good       for an object you should keep it
           until Eliyahu comes.
• If one person gives a       and another person brings witnesses
           that the object is his, give it to the person who brought the
witnesses.
• If one person gives a     and the anther person gives a       along
           with bringing one witness, we consider as if the witness is
not there and you should keep it until Eliyahu comes.
• If one person brings witnesses that he made the object and the
           other person brings witnesses that the object fell from
him, return it to the person with the witnesses that said it fell from
him. Since perhaps the first person made it and sold it, there is no
contradiction when the other witnesses said that it fell from the
second person.
• If one person tells the finder the length of the garment found and
            the other person tells the finder the width, you should
return it to the person who knows the length. Since it is possible for
an observer to guess how wide a garment is, this is not as good a
proof that it the garment is his as knowing the length.
• If one person tells the finder the measurements of both the length
           and the width of the garment and the other person tells
the finder the total of the length and the width, you should return it to
the person who told you the two measurements separate.
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• A husband gives the             of a    and
          claims that it fell from him and that he
never gave it to his wife. However, the wife
also gives the           of the     and claims that
it fell from her and that her husband gave her
the       and she is divorced. You should
return the       to the woman since she knew
the          it must be because she has already
received the .




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• Why do we assume that since she knew the
       measurements of the paper that the
was written on means that she has already
received the . Maybe she saw the
husband write it?




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• The       that they both said was not the
        dimensions of the paper, but rather
that there was a hole in the document next to
       ’s name. This is something she could
only have known if she had already received
the .




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• A husband gives the         for the string that
        tied a    and claims that it fell from
him and that he never gave it to his wife.
However, the wife also gives the            for the
string that tied the   and claims that it fell
from her and that her husband gave her the
    and she is divorced. You should return
the     to the woman since she knew the
      it must be because she has already
received the .




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• Why do we assume that since she knew the
       color of the string that tied the to be
white or red indicates that she has already
received the . Maybe she saw the color
string when the husband was writing it?




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• The      that they both said was not the
       color of the string, but rather the
length of the string used to tie the . This is
something she could only have known if she
had already received the .




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• A husband says that the    was found in a
       leather made pouch. The wife says
that the   was found in a leather made
pouch. You should return the     to the
husband.




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• What is the reason that we return the   to
      the husband and not the wife?




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• Since the wife knows that all of the
       husband’s important documents are
kept in this leather pouch, she could have
been guessing. However, if the wife’s claim
would be correct that he had given the        to
her already, why would the      still be in the
husband’s leather pouch?




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– That is was lost from the
messenger before he gave it to her.




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– Later in the            we will explain
what this is.




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– That what      makes ownerless,
is considered ownerless.




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– The      teaches us that
       it is something the owner is going to
claim excluding something that the owner
has given up hope on and made ownerless.




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– It is not from the           , but rather
         was taught in the              as a side
point.




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– We established earlier that the word
              is to teach us that a donkey is
returned with the        of its saddle.




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– If there are witnesses that
       recognize that the saddle is his then
you return the donkey as well.




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– This is what
       mean, until you inquire about your
brother.




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– That witnesses come and testify that
 it is his.




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– About a person that died in order
       that his wife can get married, unless
they can identify the face by the nose.




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– This is not a  since there
are many people who are tall or short.




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– Clothing.




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– Maybe he leant them to someone
       else, and that other person is who
they saw dead.




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– This is not a           since there
many like this.




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–A
         messenger was given the         and he
lost it. After a while he found it tied in his
moneybag or purse ….




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– Vessels used in his house.




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– Even though we learned
       that one who is given a , losses it
and finds it after a while is no good, here it is
okay.




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– Maybe he leant his moneybag
       to someone, and the other person
tied the   in it.




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– He would be concerned and say
      that it is a indication that a person
who lends his moneybag, sold his luck.




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– Every person had a unique signet
       ring that when he would send
something he would seal it with his signet
ring. Therefore, a person would not lend his
ring because maybe this one will sign his
signet ring on something he did not write.

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– They testify about a
      woman that she can get married.
They say for a     that the person had a
mole on “x” limb.




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– By a married woman, which is
an             , we do not rely on it.




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– One born at that time, was born
under one      , luck.




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– If they change or not. If
      when he was alive it was black and
now when he died it is white, or the
opposite.




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– And even if            is    there is to
rely on them.




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– Meaning, how did the Rabbis
      see it proper to make a rule that
money that is in doubt with regard to who its
owner is, is returned to someone it might not
belong to.




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– Who cares if it is good for the
        finder, we care if it is good for the one
that lost it.




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–       says that for whoever lost it, it is
        good for. It is accepted in         that
whoever gives the         will get the object.
Why? Since most times a person does not
have witnesses, thereby preventing him from
getting his object back. Rather he says,
better that it be returned to whoever gives
the      , because it is uncommon for anyone
else to know the        besides for myself.
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– And they say return it to the
lender without witnesses, but with the
that he says “there were three documents
from three borrowers”. But if the documents
fell from the borrower, since he already paid
them up, is it good for the borrower for the
finder to give the documents to whoever
gives the        ?! Is it not better for him to
have the documents stay by the finder
forever and not return them to the lender,
because they will be like they were burnt
up? It is better if the finder does not return
them based on            since maybe the lender
is a trickster and figured out the         .

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– By       . We are not concerned that it
       fell from the borrower, because why
would he have had the loan documents of
others.




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– Because of the
       we return it to him and if the lender
gives the      we return to him. Now, if it fell
from the borrower is it good for him for the
Rabbis to make a rule that you return
something using a        ?! It would be better if
the object stayed with the finder forever.



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– With witnesses.




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– Even if you
say that the concept of      is
 , none the less witnesses are better.




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– Two people come and give
.




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– Until Eliyahu comes.




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– This one says its width and
this one says its length.




            Back to Daf
        Back to Torah Scroll
            Next Rashi
          Previous Rashi
– If he saw it by its owner, he
      could estimate hen he saw the owner
wearing it.




                   Back to Daf
               Back to Torah Scroll
                   Next Rashi
                 Previous Rashi
– This one says this
       is its width and this is its length, and
the other one says this is the length and
width together, because he does not know
each one by itself.




                    Back to Daf
                Back to Torah Scroll
                    Next Rashi
                  Previous Rashi
– A Greek “gam” is like a     of our ours.
       This is why we call the length and
width      .




                   Back to Daf
               Back to Torah Scroll
                   Next Rashi
                 Previous Rashi
– And he said “It fell from
       me, because I changed my mind and
did not give it”.




                   Back to Daf
               Back to Torah Scroll
                   Next Rashi
                 Previous Rashi
– That it fell from me,
       because he gave it to me and I am
divorced.




                   Back to Daf
               Back to Torah Scroll
                   Next Rashi
                 Previous Rashi
– Since he gave it he knows the
       , but how would she know the
if he did not give it to her.




             Back to Daf
         Back to Torah Scroll
             Next Rashi
           Previous Rashi
– That the       is tied with.




        Back to Daf
    Back to Torah Scroll
        Next Rashi
      Previous Rashi
– You found it.




           Back to Daf
       Back to Torah Scroll
         Previous Rashi
Back to Daf
Back to Daf

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Mishna 5

  • 1.
  • 2. Back to Daf Listen to explanation
  • 5. Goal #1 The asks a clarifying question on the . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal
  • 6. Goal #2 answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 7. Goal #3 asks why something is necessary to be taught. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 8. Goal #4 The answers and explains that the question is wrong and that the information is necessary. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 9. Goal #5 The asks why something is necessary to be taught. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 10. Goal #6 The answers and teaches us why the information is necessary. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 11. Goal #7 The asks a challenge on the answer just given. The asks if what was said above is true the in the should have been written differently. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 12. Goal #8 agrees with the question and presents an alternative answer to the original question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 13. Goal #9 The asks a question on ‘s answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 14. Goal #10 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 15. Goal #11 The poses another possible question on ‘s answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 16. Goal #12 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Previous Goal
  • 17. •The wants to know what is the referring to when it says “ ”? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 18. explains that when the said “ ” it was referring to the part of the that says, “ ”, . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 19. asks, if the says, “ ”, why does the need to specifically list: ? Aren’t these items included in “all lost objects of your brother”? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 20. •The already explained why it is necessary for the to write the case of . The therefore explains that if the would have only written and not the case of , I would have come to a wrong conclusion. I would have thought that a you must return since the are on the object itself. However, by a the are on the saddle and not the donkey itself. Therefore, I would have thought you do not need to return the . We now see that it is necessary to include the case of in the to teach us that you need to return even the . Back to Daf Next Torah Scroll Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 21. •Now that we understand why the needed to write and the asks why is it necessary for the to write and ? Aren’t they included in the part of the that says, “all lost objects of your brother”? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 22. •The needs to write to teach us that a person is even obligated to return the sheerings of an ox’s tail. The also needs to write to teach us that a person is even obligated to return the sheerings of a sheep. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 23. •The says if it is true that the wrote to include its tail’s sheerings and to include its sheerings, then there is a question. The should have only written the case of and not . Certainly if you need to return the sheerings of the ox’s tail then you need to return the sheerings of a sheep. Why does the need to list ? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 24. explains that the writing is a difficulty. There are two cases that explains where the writes a specific item and there seems to be nothing to learn from them. According to there is nothing to be learnt from the writing the case of a donkey getting damaged by a pit. According to everyone there is nothing to be learnt from the writing the case of being returned. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 25. • Maybe the writes the case of to teach us that a person even needs to return lost manure. Therefore, the word is not extra and is needed. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 26. • Since manure is not worth a lot no one is going to claim it, making it ownerless. Therefore, if some one found manure he would not need to return it. The word is not coming to include manure. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 27. • There was a question if the concept of is from the or from the . Perhaps the word teaches us that the ability to get back an object by giving is from the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 28. • The word is not coming to teach us that the concept of are from the . We taught in our that the word is needed to teach us that any object with a and a claimer, a person is obligated to return. So we see that the word is used to teach that the concept of is from the . Therefore, the word still seems not to be needed. Back to Daf Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 29. – The will explain it. Back to Daf Back to Mishna Next Rashi
  • 30. – To exclude something that we know the owner has given up hope on. Back to Daf Back to Mishna Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 31. – The says, “ ”, and “ ”. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 32. – There is no on the donkey, but there is a on the saddle that is on the . Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 33. – It is an extra to teach us something else. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 34. – Even the hair at the end of the tail you need to return. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 35. – To return the manure. If the only wrote , I would have thought that you are not obligated to return manure. Therefore, the wrote to include the obligation to return manure. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 36. – No one is going to trouble himself to return for the manure and claim it. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Previous Rashi
  • 38. Replace Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Chart
  • 39. Object listed in Law it teaches - ? clothing - ? donkey – ox ? - sheep ? Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 40. Object listed in Law it teaches - ? clothing You need to return something - that does not have a if donkey there is something with a with it. – ox ? - sheep ? Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 41. Object listed in Law it teaches - clothing You need to return something - that does not have a if donkey there is something with a with it. – ox ? - sheep ? Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 42. Object listed in Law it teaches - clothing You need to return something - that does not have a if donkey there is something with a with it. You even need to return the – ox sheerings of an ox’s tail. You even need to return the - sheep sheerings of a sheep. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 43. Object listed in Law it teaches - clothing You need to return something - that does not have a if donkey there is something with a with it. You even need to return the – ox sheerings of an ox’s tail. You even need to return - sheep manure. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 44. Object listed in Law it teaches - clothing You need to return something - that does not have a if donkey there is something with a with it. You even need to return the – ox sheerings of an ox’s tail. The idea that you return - sheep something with a is . Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 45. Object listed in Law it teaches Anything with a and the - owner has not given up hope – clothing you need to return it. You need to return something - that does not have a if donkey there is something with a with it. You even need to return the – ox sheerings of an ox’s tail. - sheep EXTRA! Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 46. Goal #1 The quotes a between and the . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal
  • 47. Goal #2 The asks what the practical difference is between the two practices. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 48. Goal #3 makes a distinction between the two opinions. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 49. Goal #4 The asks a question on the . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 50. Goal #5 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 51. Goal #6 The asks a question on . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 52. Goal #7 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 53. Goal #8 The asks a question on . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 54. Goal #9 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 55. Goal #10 The asks a question on the . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 56. Goal #11 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 57. Goal #12 The asks a question on . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 58. Goal #13 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 59. Goal #14 argues with and presents a different distinction between the and . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 60. Goal #15 The asks a question on ’s answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 61. Goal #16 The gives a different distinction between the and according to . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 62. Goal #17 The asks a question on ’s answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 63. Goal #18 The gives a different distinction between the and according to . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Previous Goal
  • 64. •The quotes a that brings a between the and , with regard to the source from the for not needing to return an object that is worth less than a . •The learns it from the words , . •The learns it from the word , . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 65. •The asks what is the practical difference between the and . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 66. explains that the difference between the and is how they understand the words of the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 67. •The asks, according to the who learn the of the from the words what do they do with the word ? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 68. •The answers that the use the word to teach us the is like . • says that you might have thought that a person is not obligated to pick up and return the lost object of a non-Jew, but once he picked it up, then there is an obligation to return the object to him. The word teaches us that even once you pick up a lost object of a non-Jew, there still is no obligation to return it. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 69. •The asks, according to who learns the of the from the word what does he do with words ? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 70. •The answers that uses the words to teach us the is like . • says in the name of that the words teaches us that in the case of where a river would sweep away an object and although you can save it, the owner cannot, then you may keep it, even if the object has a . The implies only things that are lost to the owner, but “findable” to everyone else are you obligated to return. However, something that is “lost” to everyone else also, those items you may keep. Back to Daf Next Torah Scroll Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 71. •According to that uses the word to teach us that something worth less than a you do not need to return, then where does he know the of from? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 72. •The explains that according to the letter in the beginning of the word is really extra. The letter implies that the object has already been found, meaning it has already come into the finder’s hand. Therefore, according to , ’s is derived from the extra . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 73. •According to the who use the words to teach us that something worth less than a you do not need to return, then where do they learn the of from? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 74. •The answers that according to the the word in the is used to teach us the ruling of . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 75. •According to who derives the of from the word , what does he use the word for? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 76. •The answers that according to the entire phrase, , is needed to teach the of . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 77. explains that a situation of where at the time the object was lost it was worth a , but by the time the object was found it had depreciated and was worth less than a . • According to the who focus on the words , you would need to return the object since at the time it was lost it was worth a . • However, according to , who derives the law of the from the word , you would not need to return it since it was worth less than a at the time it was found. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 78. •The asks that even according to the , who focus on the words , they would agree that since the also writes , if the object is not worth a at the time it was found then you do not need to return it. Therefore, a case where the object is worth a at the time it was lost and then depreciates to less than a worth by the time it was found, everyone would agree you do not need to return it. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 79. explains that a situation of where at the time the object was lost it was worth less than a , but by the time the object was found it had appreciated and was worth more than a . • According to the who focus on the words , you would not need to return the object since at the time it was lost it was worth less than a . • However, according to , who derives the law of the from the word , you would need to return it since it was worth a at the time it was found. Back to Daf Next Torah Scroll Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 80. •The asks that even according to the , who focus on the words , he would agree that since the also writes , if the object is not worth a at the time it was lost then you do not need to return it. Therefore, a case where the object is worth less than a at the time it was lost even though it appreciated to a worth by the time it was found, everyone would agree you do not need to return it. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 81. explains that when the object was lost it was worth a . Later, while the object was still lost, it depreciated to less than a worth. However, by the time the object was found it had appreciated to value of a . • According to the , who derives the of the from the words , you would be obligated to return the object since it was worth a at the time it was lost, and it is worth a at the time it was found. • According to , who derives the of the from the word , you would not be obligated to return the object since it was not worth a from the time it was lost until the time it was found. According to the obligation to return a lost object is only when the object has maintained a value of a or more the entire time it was lost. Back to Daf Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 82. – That it is considered a lost object. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi
  • 83. – That it is considered a found object. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 84. – You might have thought that the obligated you to return an object of a non-Jew if you had picked it up. This is not true. Even if you have picked up the object, you are still not obligated to return it to a non-Jew. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 85. – Since it wrote in the the word , it wrote . Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 86. – The extra implies that it was already found. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 87. – At the time it was lost it was worth a and at the time it was found it had depreciated. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Previous Rashi
  • 89. 1 1 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll
  • 90. 1 ???? 1 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 91. 1 2 1 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 92. 1 2 ???? 1 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 93. 1 2 3 1 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. 3 – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even if the object had a , you may keep it. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 94. ???? 1 2 3 1 2 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. 3 – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even if the object had a , you may keep it. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 95. of 1 2 3 1 2 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. 3 – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even if the object had a , you may keep it. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 96. of ???? 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. 3 – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even if the object had a , you may keep it. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 97. of 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. 3 – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even if the object had a , you may keep it. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 98. of 1 2 3 3 1 2 ???? 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. 3 – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even if the object had a , you may keep it. Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 99. of 1 2 3 3 1 2 4 1 – Something worth less than a you are not obligated to return. 2 – You are not even obligated to return a lost object of a non-Jew, even if you have already picked it up. 3 – If an object is not retrievable by everyone, even if the object had a , you may keep it. ---4 – According to the word is taught with the words . Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 100. 8:35 AM 6:47 PM ½ 1 – Keep it – Return it Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 101. 8:35 AM 6:47 PM 1 ½ – Return it – Keep it Back to Daf Next Chart Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 102. 8:35 AM 6:47 PM 1:04 PM ½ 1 1 – Keep it – Return it Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Previous Chart
  • 103. h
  • 104.
  • 105. Goal #1 The asks a question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal
  • 106. Goal #2 The asks a question on the above question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 107. Goal #3 The explains what the practical difference is. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 108. Goal #4 The quotes a to answer the original question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 109. Goal #5 The explains why this is not a proof. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 110. Goal #6 The quotes a to answer the original question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 111. Goal #7 The explains why this is not a proof. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 112. Goal #8 The quotes a to answer the original question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 113. Goal #9 The explains why this is not a proof. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 114. Goal #10 The quotes a to answer the original question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 115. Goal #11 The explains why this is not a proof. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 116. Goal #12 The challenges the above explanation. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 117. Goal #13 The answers the challenge. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 118. Goal #14 The presents a different reason why clothing would not be a good . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 119. Goal #15 The asks a question on the idea that clothing is lent out based on a . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 120. Goal #16 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 121. Goal #17 The says that our question is a between the . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 122. Goal #18 The explains the . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 123. Goal #19 explains why the is not the same as our question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 124. Goal #20 Another possible explanation why the is not the same as our question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 125. Goal #21 Another possible explanation why the is not the same as our question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 126. Goal #22 answers the ’s original question by posing a question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 127. Goal #23 The asks a question on ’s answer by answering ’s question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 128. Goal #24 asks a question on . Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 129. Goal #25 gives a new answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 130. Goal #26 The asks a question on ’s new answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 131. Goal #27 answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 132. Goal #28 The asks another question on ’s new answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 133. Goal #29 gives a new answer. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 134. Goal #30 makes a statement. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 135. Goal #31 The interrupts with a question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 136. Goal #32 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 137. Goal #33 continues his statement. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 138. Goal #34 makes another similar statement. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 139. Goal #35 The asks a question on this ruling. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 140. Goal #36 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 141. Goal #37 makes another similar statement. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 142. Goal #38 The asks a question on this ruling. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 143. Goal #39 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 144. Goal #40 makes another similar statement. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 145. Goal #41 The asks an information question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Next Goal Previous Goal
  • 146. Goal #42 The answers the question. Back to Daf Torah Scroll Previous Goal
  • 147. •The wants to know if the concept of returning an object to a person when he gives a is from the or from the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 148. •What is the practical difference if the concept of is from the or from the ? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 149. • A practical difference if is from the or from the is when a messenger who was sent to give a , but lost it before giving it to the woman. • If is from the then you would be allowed to return the to whoever gives a . •If is from the then you would not be allowed to return the . By monetary issues the could tell you to return an object only using a , because of the concept . However, by issues of the would never make a that you should return something because of a . Back to Daf Next Torah Scroll Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 150. • The asked why does the need to specifically mention as an object you need to return; is it not included in the statement ? • The word is needed to teach us that anything that has a and someone claiming it, you need to return. • This implies that the concept of is from the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 151. • Really the word only teaches us that you return an object that has a claimer. It excludes a case where the owner of the object has given up hope on getting the object back. The mentioned as a side point, but not to indicate that it was learned from the word . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 152. • The explains why does the need to specifically mention as an object you need to return; is it not included in the statement ? • The word is needed to teach us that even something that does not have a you would return if there is something attached to it that does have a . • This implies that the concept of is from the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 153. •When the wrote perhaps it was to teach us that if you have witnesses that can testify that an object is yours, but they do not know about the object attached to it, you need to return both objects to the owner. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 154. • The quotes a that quotes part of the in , . Now, would it have entered your mind that we should return an object to someone before someone inquires about it? Rather the is instructing us to investigate if the claimer is a liar or not. • How could one tell if the claimer of the object is lying or not? Is it not by the claimer giving the . Therefore, the concept of must be . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 155. h • Really the way an individual proves that he is not lying about the object being his is by bringing witnesses that the object is his. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 156. • The teaches that a woman may not get remarried based on the testimony of witnesses that her husband had died, unless the witnesses were able to identify the body by his face, including the person’s nose. Even if there were based on his height or the clothing he was wearing it would not help. So we see that the concept of is not . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll Listen to explanation
  • 157. • Perhaps the concept of are really and the reason why a person’s height and clothing would not be sufficient to have a woman remarry, is because they are not considered good . A person’s height can not be considered a because there are many people who are tall or short. A person’s clothing can not work as a because maybe the husband lent his clothes to someone else, and the witnesses really saw the other person who borrowed the husband’s clothing. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 158. • If we are concerned about people borrowing clothing, making clothing not a good when identifying a person, then why by the case of a saddle and a donkey is the saddle enough of a to obligate you to return the donkey as well? Should we not be concerned that perhaps the saddle was borrowed and that it does not belong to the same owner as the donkey. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 159. • The explains that one does not need to be concerned that the saddle of a donkey was borrowed. Most saddles were custom made and not lent out, otherwise the saddle could chaff the donkey since it would not fit properly. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 160. • The explains that to use the color of the clothing as a would not be considered good, since so many people have the same color clothes. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 161. • The says that if one finds a , that he was supposed to deliver, tied to his wallet or signet ring, or he finds it amongst his utensils, he may deliver it, even if a long period has elapsed since he lost it. If it is true that we are concerned in general about people borrowing clothing, why can we assume that this is the that he lost? Maybe this is from the person he leant his clothes to? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 162. • A person does not lend out his wallet or signet ring. •A person is superstitious that by lending someone his wallet his good fortune will leave him. • A person does not lend his signet ring because he is afraid of someone using it to forge something in his name. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 163. • Witnesses say that they saw a dead man and identify him by a mole that he had, can this permit the wife to get remarried? The holds that a mole is not considered enough of a while holds it is. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 164. • The is of the opinion that the concept of is and therefore, they could not permit a woman to get remarried based on the usage of a to identify her husband. Doing so would permit an through a . • is of the opinion that the concept of is and therefore, there is no problem permitting a woman to get remarried based on the usage of a to identify the husband. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 165. • Both the and are of the opinion that the concept of is . • Rather, they argue if a mole is something that is found on all people born at the same time with the same . The is of the opinion that it is, and therefore can not be considered a . is of the opinion that it is not, and therefore can be considered a good . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 166. • Really both the and agree that the concept of is and that a mole is not found on all people born at the same time and with the same . • Rather, they argue about if a mole changes its appearance after a person dies. The is of the opinion that a mole does change its appearance and therefore can not be considered a good . is of the opinion that a mole does not change its appearance after death, and therefore can be considered a good . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 167. • Really everyone agrees that a mole is not found on everyone born at the same time and with the same , and that a mole does not change its appearance after death, and that the concept of is . • Rather they argue if a mole is considered a – an expert . The is of the opinion that it is not and therefore you can not rely on this type of . is of the opinion that it is and therefore you can rely on this type of . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 168. • If the concept of is only , how could the allow a person to return an object based on a ? Maybe the object really is not the person’s and you therefore gave it to the wrong person. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 169. • It is good for the person who found the object to return the object based on the , since if he lost an object he would want to get it back by using a . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 170. • Is a person allowed to try and do something for his benefit at the cost of someone else’s possessions? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 171. • It is good for the person who lost the object to have it returned by giving a . Since he knows that he does not have any witnesses that the lost object was his, he figures that not too many people besides himself know any of the that are on the object, so it would be to his advantage to allow to work for claiming lost objects. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 172. • We learned in the on that taught if someone finds three documents with the name of one borrower on all three, you return them to the borrower. If someone finds three documents with the name of one lender on all three, you return them to the lender. • Now in the second case where all three documents had the name of one lender, would the borrower really feel it is a good thing to return it to the lender. Perhaps the borrower really lost it and had paid it up already and somehow, through some form of trickery, the lender figured out the so he can try to collect a second time on the loan. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 173. • The reason why the documents are returned to each party in each of the above cases is not because of , but rather based on logic. It is more logical that only a borrower would have three documents with his name on all three loans, and it is more logical that only the lender would have three documents with his name on all three loans. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 174. • We learned in the on that if someone finds documents either rolled together or bundled together, you may return them to whoever gives a . • Now, is it really to the advantage of the borrower to have the documents returned to the lender. Perhaps he has already paid the loan back, and through some form of trickery the lender knows the and will try to collect the loan a second time. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 175. • Rather the concept of is really . • The quotes a that quotes part of the in , . Now, would it have entered your mind that we should return an object to someone before someone inquires about it? Rather the is instructing us to investigate if the claimer is a liar or not. Is not the way to investigate by using ?! Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 176. h • says that if the concept of is then …. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 177. • What do you mean “if”, we not just established that the concept of is ?! Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 178. • Earlier when the presented the of as a proof that the concept of is , the said maybe the way we prove that the claimer is not a liar is through witnesses. Therefore, this is not a perfect proof. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 179. • If two people both give a good for an object you should keep it until Eliyahu comes. • If one person gives a and another person brings witnesses that the object is his, give it to the person who brought the witnesses. • If one person gives a and the anther person gives a along with bringing one witness, we consider as if the witness is not there and you should keep it until Eliyahu comes. • If one person brings witnesses that he made the object and the other person brings witnesses that the object fell from him, return it to the person with the witnesses that said it fell from him. Since perhaps the first person made it and sold it, there is no contradiction when the other witnesses said that it fell from the second person. • If one person tells the finder the length of the garment found and the other person tells the finder the width, you should return it to the person who knows the length. Since it is possible for an observer to guess how wide a garment is, this is not as good a proof that it the garment is his as knowing the length. • If one person tells the finder the measurements of both the length and the width of the garment and the other person tells the finder the total of the length and the width, you should return it to the person who told you the two measurements separate. Back to Daf Next Torah Scroll Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll
  • 180. • A husband gives the of a and claims that it fell from him and that he never gave it to his wife. However, the wife also gives the of the and claims that it fell from her and that her husband gave her the and she is divorced. You should return the to the woman since she knew the it must be because she has already received the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 181. • Why do we assume that since she knew the measurements of the paper that the was written on means that she has already received the . Maybe she saw the husband write it? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 182. • The that they both said was not the dimensions of the paper, but rather that there was a hole in the document next to ’s name. This is something she could only have known if she had already received the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 183. • A husband gives the for the string that tied a and claims that it fell from him and that he never gave it to his wife. However, the wife also gives the for the string that tied the and claims that it fell from her and that her husband gave her the and she is divorced. You should return the to the woman since she knew the it must be because she has already received the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 184. • Why do we assume that since she knew the color of the string that tied the to be white or red indicates that she has already received the . Maybe she saw the color string when the husband was writing it? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 185. • The that they both said was not the color of the string, but rather the length of the string used to tie the . This is something she could only have known if she had already received the . Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 186. • A husband says that the was found in a leather made pouch. The wife says that the was found in a leather made pouch. You should return the to the husband. Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 187. • What is the reason that we return the to the husband and not the wife? Back to Daf Back to Goal Next Torah Scroll Previous Torah Scroll
  • 188. • Since the wife knows that all of the husband’s important documents are kept in this leather pouch, she could have been guessing. However, if the wife’s claim would be correct that he had given the to her already, why would the still be in the husband’s leather pouch? Back to Daf Back to Goal Previous Torah Scroll
  • 189. – That is was lost from the messenger before he gave it to her. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi
  • 190. – Later in the we will explain what this is. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 191. – That what makes ownerless, is considered ownerless. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 192. – The teaches us that it is something the owner is going to claim excluding something that the owner has given up hope on and made ownerless. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 193. – It is not from the , but rather was taught in the as a side point. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 194. – We established earlier that the word is to teach us that a donkey is returned with the of its saddle. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 195. – If there are witnesses that recognize that the saddle is his then you return the donkey as well. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 196. – This is what mean, until you inquire about your brother. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 197. – That witnesses come and testify that it is his. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 198. – About a person that died in order that his wife can get married, unless they can identify the face by the nose. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 199. – This is not a since there are many people who are tall or short. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 200. – Clothing. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 201. – Maybe he leant them to someone else, and that other person is who they saw dead. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 202. – This is not a since there many like this. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 203. –A messenger was given the and he lost it. After a while he found it tied in his moneybag or purse …. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 204. – Vessels used in his house. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 205. – Even though we learned that one who is given a , losses it and finds it after a while is no good, here it is okay. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 206. – Maybe he leant his moneybag to someone, and the other person tied the in it. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 207. – He would be concerned and say that it is a indication that a person who lends his moneybag, sold his luck. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 208. – Every person had a unique signet ring that when he would send something he would seal it with his signet ring. Therefore, a person would not lend his ring because maybe this one will sign his signet ring on something he did not write. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 209. – They testify about a woman that she can get married. They say for a that the person had a mole on “x” limb. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 210. – By a married woman, which is an , we do not rely on it. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 211. – One born at that time, was born under one , luck. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 212. – If they change or not. If when he was alive it was black and now when he died it is white, or the opposite. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 213. – And even if is there is to rely on them. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 214. – Meaning, how did the Rabbis see it proper to make a rule that money that is in doubt with regard to who its owner is, is returned to someone it might not belong to. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 215. – Who cares if it is good for the finder, we care if it is good for the one that lost it. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 216. says that for whoever lost it, it is good for. It is accepted in that whoever gives the will get the object. Why? Since most times a person does not have witnesses, thereby preventing him from getting his object back. Rather he says, better that it be returned to whoever gives the , because it is uncommon for anyone else to know the besides for myself. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 217. – And they say return it to the lender without witnesses, but with the that he says “there were three documents from three borrowers”. But if the documents fell from the borrower, since he already paid them up, is it good for the borrower for the finder to give the documents to whoever gives the ?! Is it not better for him to have the documents stay by the finder forever and not return them to the lender, because they will be like they were burnt up? It is better if the finder does not return them based on since maybe the lender is a trickster and figured out the . Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 218. – By . We are not concerned that it fell from the borrower, because why would he have had the loan documents of others. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 219. – Because of the we return it to him and if the lender gives the we return to him. Now, if it fell from the borrower is it good for him for the Rabbis to make a rule that you return something using a ?! It would be better if the object stayed with the finder forever. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 220. – With witnesses. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 221. – Even if you say that the concept of is , none the less witnesses are better. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 222. – Two people come and give . Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 223. – Until Eliyahu comes. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 224. – This one says its width and this one says its length. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 225. – If he saw it by its owner, he could estimate hen he saw the owner wearing it. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 226. – This one says this is its width and this is its length, and the other one says this is the length and width together, because he does not know each one by itself. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 227. – A Greek “gam” is like a of our ours. This is why we call the length and width . Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 228. – And he said “It fell from me, because I changed my mind and did not give it”. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 229. – That it fell from me, because he gave it to me and I am divorced. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 230. – Since he gave it he knows the , but how would she know the if he did not give it to her. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 231. – That the is tied with. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Next Rashi Previous Rashi
  • 232. – You found it. Back to Daf Back to Torah Scroll Previous Rashi