SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 24
Presented by- Rahul Jadhav
Anusaya Institute of Pharmacy, Swami-
chincholi, Daund, Pune.
Tuberculosis:-
It is a Chronic Granulomatous disease and a major
health problem in a developing country.
 It is caused in humans by mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 It is characterized by inflammatory infiltration, tubercles
formation, fibrosis and calcification.
 It usually affects on the respiratory tract.
 The agent that is used in the treatment of tuberculosis, a disease
caused by Mycobacterium species ( M. Tuberculosis, M. Bovis,
M. Africanum ) characterized by formation of nodular bodies or
tubercles.
Classification:
1) P-amino salicylic acid derivative: e.g. PAS
2) Pyridine derivative: e.g. Isoniazid, Ethionamide
3) Pyrazine derivative: e.g. Pyrazinamide
4) Ethylene diamine derivative: e.g. Ethambutal
5) Antibiotics: e.g. Cycloserine, Streptomycin, Rifampicin
1) First line drugs: e.g. Isoniazide, Rifampin, Ethambutol,
Pyrazinamide, Streptomycin.
2) Second line drugs; e.g Ethionamide, kanamycin, Cycloserin,
Capreomycin.
3) Third line drugs. e.g. Clarithromycin, Thioacetazone.
1) ISONIAZID: (INH)
 Other names: Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, Isonicotino hydrazide,
Isonicotinyl hydrazide.
 Chemical name: pyridine-4-carbohydrazide.
 Physical Properties:
 Colourless crystals or white crystalline powder
 Odourless
 Sweet test followed by bitter test
 Soluble in water
 Chemical properties:
1) Isoniazid treated with bromine water in presence of HCL convert
into isonicotinic acid with liberation of N2 gas.
2) Isoniazid treated with benzene sulphonyl chloride , convert into
its benzene sulphonyl derivative.
3) Isoniazid treated with isopropyl chloride, converted to N-
isonicotinyl, N- isopropile hydrazine which is also have
antitubercular activity.
 Stability and storage:
 Affected by light hence stored in tightly closed light resistant
containers.
 Uses:
1. Used in treatment of –
 Pulmonary tuberculosis
 Extrapulmonary lesions, including meningial and genito-
urinary infections.
 Lupus vulgaris.
2. As isoniazid develops resistance within a few weeks, it is given in
conjugation with ethambutal or rifampicin or streptomycin.
 Pharmaceutical Preparations:
 Isoniazid elixir, tablets, injection
 Sodium aminosalicylate and isoniazid Granules and Powers
 Isoniazid and ethambutal tablets
 Isoniazid and rifampicin tablets
 Brand Names: Cadizide, Isonex, Rimpazid, Isocadopas.
3. To reduce gastric irritation produced by PAS when
given orally, it convert into-
a) ester by treating with alcohol in presence of dil.
H2So4
b) N-acetyl derivative when treated with benzoyl
chloride
4) It oxidized by air / oxygen with formation of black
or brown pigments.
• Stability and storage: It darkens when exposure to
air and light, stored in tightly closed light-
resistant containers.
• Chemical name: (+) N, N' Bis [(R)' - 1- hydroxy methyl
propyl] ethylenediamine.
• Physical properties: Its hydrocloric salt is yellow
crystalline powder, odourless, slightly soluble in
water.Its dextro isomer is more potent than laevo
isomer
• Chemical properties: aqueous solution of ehtambutal
hydrochloride when treated with copper sulphate and
solution made alkaline with NaOH, blue coloue is
produced
• Storage : stored in tightly closed containers.
• Uses:
 Used in treatment of tuberculosis.
 Used in combination with other AntiTB drugs.
• Pharmaceutical formulations :
 Ethambutol tablets, pawders
 Ethambutol and Isoniazid tablets.
• Brand names: Mymbutol, Albutol, Ly-butol
• Physical properties : Yellow crystals or crystalline
powders, odourless, tasteless, slightly soluble in
water.
• Chemical properties :
1. When solution in 6N NaOH is boiled with lead
acetate sol. for 1 min., produce black ppt of lead
sulphate.
2. Hydrolysis and Diazotization reaction: solution
boiled with 1 N HCL and treated with NaNo2 and
HCL gives diazo compound. This compound with
• Stability and storage: Affected by light, stored in
air-tight, light resistant containers.
• Uses:
1. In treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy.
2. Used in combination with streptomycin and
Isoniazid.
• Pharmaceutical formulations : Thiacetazone tablet
• Brand names: Thiopramizone, Decetazone
• Physical properties: Yellow crystalline powder,
slight odourl, unpleasant sulphurous taste,
insoluble in water
• Chemical properties :
1. When heated with sodium hydroxide, ammonia
gas evolves.
2. When heated with HCL, H2S gas evolves.
• Stability and storage: Affected by light, hence
stored well closed, light-resistant containers.
• Uses: used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis.
• Pharmaceutical formulations : Ethionamide tablet
• Brand names: Ethynex, Trescalyl
6) Pyrazinamide:
• Chemical name: Pyrazine-2- carboxamide
• Physical properties: White crystalline powder,
odourless, slight bitter taste. Sparingly soluble in
water and suluble in ether and chloroform.
• Stability and storage: Stored in tightly closed
containers.
• Uses:
 Used as tuberculostatic agent.
 Active against strains which are resist to other
AntiTB drugs
• Pharmaceutical formulations : Pyrazinamide tablet
• Brand names: Zinamide, Pyride, Pyrina-500
• Chemistry: Low molecular weight hydrophilic
antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces
orchidaceus / S. garyphatus.
• Physical properties : White / pale yellow
crystalline powder, Odourless and slight bitter
taste. It is hygroscopic, soluble in water and
dextro rotatory.
• Storage and Stability: It is hygroscopic & affected
by heat, hence stored in tightly closed containers
temperature not exceeding 25° c.
• Category: Antibacterial ( Tuberculostatic)
• Uses:
 In treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
 As Antibacterial agent. Used when Streptomycin is
not effective.
 In treatment of urinary tract infection.
• Pharmaceutical formulations :
 Cycloserin tablet & capsule.
• Brand names: Cycosin, Themiserin.
• Stability and storage : Affected by moisture and
heat, hence stored in well closed containers at
temp. not exceeding 30°c and protected from
moisture.
 If intended for parenteral container should be
sterile and sealed.
• Uses: It is broad spectrum antibiotics and
antibacterial.
 Orally, in intestinal infection of large intestine.
 Intramuscularly, to treat all form of tuberculosis.
 Non tubercular infection like cholecystisis,
peritonitis.
• Pharmaceutical formulations :
 Streptomycin tablet, Injection.
• Brand names : Chlorostrep, Enterostrep,
Lykastrep, Streptomax.
9) Rifampicin / Rifampin:
• Physical properties : Brick-red / reddish-brown
colour, odourless. It is very soluble in water and
alcohol, soluble in chloroform. It is Unstable in
• Chemical properties :
1. In alkaline medium it oxidised to quinone.
2. Hydrolysed in acidic medium to give 3- formyl
Rifampicin.
3. Ester group slowly Hydrolysed in neutral medium.
4. Aq. solution is treated with ammo. presulphate at
pH 7.4, colour changes from orange-yellow to
violet-red.
• Stability and storage : Unstable in moisture, affected
by light and air, hence stored in tightly closed light-
resistant containers in atmosphere of nitrogen and
temp. not exceeding 15° c.
• Uses: Broad spectrum antibiotics.
1. Used to treat TB.
2. Used to treat biliary infection.
3. Used to treat meningitis.
• Pharmaceutical formulations :
• Rifampicin capsules.
• Brand names : Rimpin, Rimpacin.

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

EXPECTORANT AND EMETICS
EXPECTORANT AND EMETICSEXPECTORANT AND EMETICS
EXPECTORANT AND EMETICSTAUFIK MULLA
 
antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize
antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize  antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize
antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize Dnyaneshwari Pande
 
Antisepticanddisinfectant
Antisepticanddisinfectant Antisepticanddisinfectant
Antisepticanddisinfectant Uttara Joshi
 
Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)Dr. Alex Martin
 
Antiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPI
Antiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPIAntiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPI
Antiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPIDr. Jibachha Sah
 
Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)
Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)
Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)ABHIJEETANAND60
 
Antiseptics and disinfectants
Antiseptics and disinfectantsAntiseptics and disinfectants
Antiseptics and disinfectantsPriyankaBhatta3
 
Antiseptics, disinfectants and insecticides
Antiseptics, disinfectants and insecticidesAntiseptics, disinfectants and insecticides
Antiseptics, disinfectants and insecticidesRijoLijo
 
Sulphonamides 191117134235
Sulphonamides 191117134235Sulphonamides 191117134235
Sulphonamides 191117134235Uttara Joshi
 
Protective Topical agents
Protective Topical agentsProtective Topical agents
Protective Topical agentsTaj Khan
 
Topical Agents/Topical Medication
Topical Agents/Topical MedicationTopical Agents/Topical Medication
Topical Agents/Topical MedicationPharmacy Universe
 
Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)Dr. Alex Martin
 
Antimicrobial used as preservative
Antimicrobial used as preservativeAntimicrobial used as preservative
Antimicrobial used as preservativeSimmuaditya1996
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

EXPECTORANT AND EMETICS
EXPECTORANT AND EMETICSEXPECTORANT AND EMETICS
EXPECTORANT AND EMETICS
 
antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize
antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize  antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize
antiseptic and disinfectant and sterilize
 
Antisepticanddisinfectant
Antisepticanddisinfectant Antisepticanddisinfectant
Antisepticanddisinfectant
 
Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Antimicrobials (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
 
Antiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPI
Antiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPIAntiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPI
Antiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPI
 
Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)
Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)
Antibiotics for D. Pharm (BTE UP)
 
Antiseptics and disinfectants
Antiseptics and disinfectantsAntiseptics and disinfectants
Antiseptics and disinfectants
 
Antiseptic solutions
Antiseptic solutionsAntiseptic solutions
Antiseptic solutions
 
Antiseptics, disinfectants and insecticides
Antiseptics, disinfectants and insecticidesAntiseptics, disinfectants and insecticides
Antiseptics, disinfectants and insecticides
 
Topical agents
Topical agentsTopical agents
Topical agents
 
Sulphonamides 191117134235
Sulphonamides 191117134235Sulphonamides 191117134235
Sulphonamides 191117134235
 
Protective Topical agents
Protective Topical agentsProtective Topical agents
Protective Topical agents
 
Topical Agents/Topical Medication
Topical Agents/Topical MedicationTopical Agents/Topical Medication
Topical Agents/Topical Medication
 
Chitosan BioSan
Chitosan BioSan Chitosan BioSan
Chitosan BioSan
 
Topical agents
Topical agentsTopical agents
Topical agents
 
Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
Expectorants (PCI syllabus, B.Pharm)
 
3. pharmaceutical aid
3. pharmaceutical aid3. pharmaceutical aid
3. pharmaceutical aid
 
Antimicrobial used as preservative
Antimicrobial used as preservativeAntimicrobial used as preservative
Antimicrobial used as preservative
 
Principles of Toxicology
Principles of ToxicologyPrinciples of Toxicology
Principles of Toxicology
 
Antibiotics
AntibioticsAntibiotics
Antibiotics
 

Similar a Antitubercular drugs.pdf

Tuberculosis. pptx
Tuberculosis. pptxTuberculosis. pptx
Tuberculosis. pptxShaliniBarad
 
ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.
ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.
ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.Dr. Ravi Sankar
 
3. Antileprotic drugs.pptx
3. Antileprotic drugs.pptx3. Antileprotic drugs.pptx
3. Antileprotic drugs.pptxMuskanAslam
 
Pharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdf
Pharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdfPharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdf
Pharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdfPranabMurasing
 
Antineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptx
Antineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptxAntineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptx
Antineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptxSVP college of pharmacy
 
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.VishnuK746257
 
Antibiotics in dentistry
Antibiotics in dentistryAntibiotics in dentistry
Antibiotics in dentistryManmohan Singh
 
Respiratory pharmacology PC-I.ppt
Respiratory pharmacology PC-I.pptRespiratory pharmacology PC-I.ppt
Respiratory pharmacology PC-I.pptTamamJamal
 
Intranasal drug delivery system
Intranasal drug delivery systemIntranasal drug delivery system
Intranasal drug delivery systemArman Dalal
 
Pharmacology of antitubercular drugs
Pharmacology of antitubercular drugsPharmacology of antitubercular drugs
Pharmacology of antitubercular drugsRAVISHANKARMANCHUKON
 
Preparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkar
Preparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkarPreparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkar
Preparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkarSneha Gaurkar
 
Anti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdf
Anti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdfAnti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdf
Anti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdfImtiyaz60
 
Antitubercular drugs and management of TB.ppt
Antitubercular drugs  and management of TB.pptAntitubercular drugs  and management of TB.ppt
Antitubercular drugs and management of TB.pptkopalsharma85
 

Similar a Antitubercular drugs.pdf (20)

Tuberculosis. pptx
Tuberculosis. pptxTuberculosis. pptx
Tuberculosis. pptx
 
Antifungal drugs
Antifungal drugsAntifungal drugs
Antifungal drugs
 
ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.
ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.
ANTI-TB AND ANTI LEPROTIC DRUGS [MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY] BY P.RAVISANKAR.
 
3. Antileprotic drugs.pptx
3. Antileprotic drugs.pptx3. Antileprotic drugs.pptx
3. Antileprotic drugs.pptx
 
Pharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdf
Pharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdfPharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdf
Pharmaceutical-Chemistry-2-D-pharm-Notes.pdf
 
Antibiotics
AntibioticsAntibiotics
Antibiotics
 
Antineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptx
Antineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptxAntineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptx
Antineoplastic Agents by Gauri Gurawa-1.pptx
 
Antibiotics
AntibioticsAntibiotics
Antibiotics
 
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIONS.
 
Farmakologi tht-2017
Farmakologi tht-2017Farmakologi tht-2017
Farmakologi tht-2017
 
Rhinitis
RhinitisRhinitis
Rhinitis
 
Antibiotics in dentistry
Antibiotics in dentistryAntibiotics in dentistry
Antibiotics in dentistry
 
ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS 1.pptx
ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS 1.pptxANTIFUNGAL DRUGS 1.pptx
ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS 1.pptx
 
Respiratory pharmacology PC-I.ppt
Respiratory pharmacology PC-I.pptRespiratory pharmacology PC-I.ppt
Respiratory pharmacology PC-I.ppt
 
Antiamebic agent
Antiamebic agentAntiamebic agent
Antiamebic agent
 
Intranasal drug delivery system
Intranasal drug delivery systemIntranasal drug delivery system
Intranasal drug delivery system
 
Pharmacology of antitubercular drugs
Pharmacology of antitubercular drugsPharmacology of antitubercular drugs
Pharmacology of antitubercular drugs
 
Preparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkar
Preparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkarPreparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkar
Preparation of intranasal route drug delivery system by sneha gaurkar
 
Anti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdf
Anti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdfAnti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdf
Anti Tubercular and anti leprotic agents.pdf
 
Antitubercular drugs and management of TB.ppt
Antitubercular drugs  and management of TB.pptAntitubercular drugs  and management of TB.ppt
Antitubercular drugs and management of TB.ppt
 

Último

Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...EduSkills OECD
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactdawncurless
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdfQucHHunhnh
 
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfArihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfchloefrazer622
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionMaksud Ahmed
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxSayali Powar
 
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesSeparation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesFatimaKhan178732
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxNirmalaLoungPoorunde1
 
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdfssuser54595a
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityGeoBlogs
 
Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...
Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...
Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...RKavithamani
 
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactPECB
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionSafetyChain Software
 
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationnomboosow
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfJayanti Pande
 

Último (20)

Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdfArihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
Arihant handbook biology for class 11 .pdf
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
 
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdfTataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
 
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesSeparation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
 
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
 
Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...
Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...
Privatization and Disinvestment - Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadva...
 
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
 
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
 
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
 

Antitubercular drugs.pdf

  • 1. Presented by- Rahul Jadhav Anusaya Institute of Pharmacy, Swami- chincholi, Daund, Pune.
  • 2. Tuberculosis:- It is a Chronic Granulomatous disease and a major health problem in a developing country.  It is caused in humans by mycobacterium tuberculosis.  It is characterized by inflammatory infiltration, tubercles formation, fibrosis and calcification.  It usually affects on the respiratory tract.
  • 3.  The agent that is used in the treatment of tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium species ( M. Tuberculosis, M. Bovis, M. Africanum ) characterized by formation of nodular bodies or tubercles. Classification: 1) P-amino salicylic acid derivative: e.g. PAS 2) Pyridine derivative: e.g. Isoniazid, Ethionamide 3) Pyrazine derivative: e.g. Pyrazinamide 4) Ethylene diamine derivative: e.g. Ethambutal 5) Antibiotics: e.g. Cycloserine, Streptomycin, Rifampicin
  • 4. 1) First line drugs: e.g. Isoniazide, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Streptomycin. 2) Second line drugs; e.g Ethionamide, kanamycin, Cycloserin, Capreomycin. 3) Third line drugs. e.g. Clarithromycin, Thioacetazone.
  • 5. 1) ISONIAZID: (INH)  Other names: Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, Isonicotino hydrazide, Isonicotinyl hydrazide.  Chemical name: pyridine-4-carbohydrazide.  Physical Properties:  Colourless crystals or white crystalline powder  Odourless  Sweet test followed by bitter test  Soluble in water  Chemical properties: 1) Isoniazid treated with bromine water in presence of HCL convert into isonicotinic acid with liberation of N2 gas.
  • 6. 2) Isoniazid treated with benzene sulphonyl chloride , convert into its benzene sulphonyl derivative. 3) Isoniazid treated with isopropyl chloride, converted to N- isonicotinyl, N- isopropile hydrazine which is also have antitubercular activity.  Stability and storage:  Affected by light hence stored in tightly closed light resistant containers.  Uses: 1. Used in treatment of –  Pulmonary tuberculosis  Extrapulmonary lesions, including meningial and genito- urinary infections.
  • 7.  Lupus vulgaris. 2. As isoniazid develops resistance within a few weeks, it is given in conjugation with ethambutal or rifampicin or streptomycin.  Pharmaceutical Preparations:  Isoniazid elixir, tablets, injection  Sodium aminosalicylate and isoniazid Granules and Powers  Isoniazid and ethambutal tablets  Isoniazid and rifampicin tablets  Brand Names: Cadizide, Isonex, Rimpazid, Isocadopas.
  • 8.
  • 9. 3. To reduce gastric irritation produced by PAS when given orally, it convert into- a) ester by treating with alcohol in presence of dil. H2So4 b) N-acetyl derivative when treated with benzoyl chloride 4) It oxidized by air / oxygen with formation of black or brown pigments. • Stability and storage: It darkens when exposure to air and light, stored in tightly closed light- resistant containers.
  • 10.
  • 11. • Chemical name: (+) N, N' Bis [(R)' - 1- hydroxy methyl propyl] ethylenediamine. • Physical properties: Its hydrocloric salt is yellow crystalline powder, odourless, slightly soluble in water.Its dextro isomer is more potent than laevo isomer • Chemical properties: aqueous solution of ehtambutal hydrochloride when treated with copper sulphate and solution made alkaline with NaOH, blue coloue is produced
  • 12. • Storage : stored in tightly closed containers. • Uses:  Used in treatment of tuberculosis.  Used in combination with other AntiTB drugs. • Pharmaceutical formulations :  Ethambutol tablets, pawders  Ethambutol and Isoniazid tablets. • Brand names: Mymbutol, Albutol, Ly-butol
  • 13. • Physical properties : Yellow crystals or crystalline powders, odourless, tasteless, slightly soluble in water. • Chemical properties : 1. When solution in 6N NaOH is boiled with lead acetate sol. for 1 min., produce black ppt of lead sulphate. 2. Hydrolysis and Diazotization reaction: solution boiled with 1 N HCL and treated with NaNo2 and HCL gives diazo compound. This compound with
  • 14. • Stability and storage: Affected by light, stored in air-tight, light resistant containers. • Uses: 1. In treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy. 2. Used in combination with streptomycin and Isoniazid. • Pharmaceutical formulations : Thiacetazone tablet • Brand names: Thiopramizone, Decetazone
  • 15. • Physical properties: Yellow crystalline powder, slight odourl, unpleasant sulphurous taste, insoluble in water • Chemical properties : 1. When heated with sodium hydroxide, ammonia gas evolves. 2. When heated with HCL, H2S gas evolves. • Stability and storage: Affected by light, hence stored well closed, light-resistant containers.
  • 16. • Uses: used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. • Pharmaceutical formulations : Ethionamide tablet • Brand names: Ethynex, Trescalyl 6) Pyrazinamide: • Chemical name: Pyrazine-2- carboxamide • Physical properties: White crystalline powder, odourless, slight bitter taste. Sparingly soluble in water and suluble in ether and chloroform.
  • 17. • Stability and storage: Stored in tightly closed containers. • Uses:  Used as tuberculostatic agent.  Active against strains which are resist to other AntiTB drugs • Pharmaceutical formulations : Pyrazinamide tablet • Brand names: Zinamide, Pyride, Pyrina-500
  • 18. • Chemistry: Low molecular weight hydrophilic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces orchidaceus / S. garyphatus. • Physical properties : White / pale yellow crystalline powder, Odourless and slight bitter taste. It is hygroscopic, soluble in water and dextro rotatory. • Storage and Stability: It is hygroscopic & affected by heat, hence stored in tightly closed containers temperature not exceeding 25° c.
  • 19. • Category: Antibacterial ( Tuberculostatic) • Uses:  In treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.  As Antibacterial agent. Used when Streptomycin is not effective.  In treatment of urinary tract infection. • Pharmaceutical formulations :  Cycloserin tablet & capsule. • Brand names: Cycosin, Themiserin.
  • 20.
  • 21. • Stability and storage : Affected by moisture and heat, hence stored in well closed containers at temp. not exceeding 30°c and protected from moisture.  If intended for parenteral container should be sterile and sealed. • Uses: It is broad spectrum antibiotics and antibacterial.  Orally, in intestinal infection of large intestine.  Intramuscularly, to treat all form of tuberculosis.
  • 22.  Non tubercular infection like cholecystisis, peritonitis. • Pharmaceutical formulations :  Streptomycin tablet, Injection. • Brand names : Chlorostrep, Enterostrep, Lykastrep, Streptomax. 9) Rifampicin / Rifampin: • Physical properties : Brick-red / reddish-brown colour, odourless. It is very soluble in water and alcohol, soluble in chloroform. It is Unstable in
  • 23. • Chemical properties : 1. In alkaline medium it oxidised to quinone. 2. Hydrolysed in acidic medium to give 3- formyl Rifampicin. 3. Ester group slowly Hydrolysed in neutral medium. 4. Aq. solution is treated with ammo. presulphate at pH 7.4, colour changes from orange-yellow to violet-red. • Stability and storage : Unstable in moisture, affected by light and air, hence stored in tightly closed light- resistant containers in atmosphere of nitrogen and temp. not exceeding 15° c.
  • 24. • Uses: Broad spectrum antibiotics. 1. Used to treat TB. 2. Used to treat biliary infection. 3. Used to treat meningitis. • Pharmaceutical formulations : • Rifampicin capsules. • Brand names : Rimpin, Rimpacin.