SCHIZOPHRENIA DISORDER MENTAL ILLNESS PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER

1. Dr. Rahul Sharma
Associate Professor
H.O.D. of Mental Health Nursing
Ph. D Coordinator
Seedling School of Nursing,
Jaipur National University, Jaipur
SCHIZOPHRENIA

2. INTRODUCTION
 In 1911,Eugen Blueler a Swiss psychiatrist
Coined the term schizophrenia. It is combination
of 2 Greek words schizo means 'split' and phrenia
means 'mind'
 He explained that the split occur between
Cognitive and emotional aspect of the personality.

3. Definition
 A group of disorder manifested by
disturbance in thinking, mood and
behavior with active symptoms like
delusion and hallucination with
disorganized speech and catatonic
behavior.

4. Etiology
1. Influence of neurotransmitter
 Norepinephrine, Gaba epinephrine,
serotonin; influence the pathophysiology of
schizophrenia.
2. Genetic factors
 Monozygotic and dizygotic twins
 Parents to offspring through genes
 Relatives of client are commonly suffered.

5. Etiology
3. Neurodevelopmental factors
 Viral infection affecting intranatal mother
 Any condition that injures the developing foetus brain.
4. Neuropsychological factors
 Organic brain damage
 Brain infection
 Trauma
 Poison
 Metabolic disorder

6. Etiology
5. Family factors
 High level of expressed emotion in family
 Broken homes and family
 Family rejection
 Overprotection
 Family blaming.
 Deprived parents children relationship
6. Environmental factors
 Stressful environment
 Traumatic experiences

7. Etiology
7. Psychological factors
 Impaired ego functioning
 Low IQ level
 Exposed to crisis situation
8. Social factors
 Community disorganization
 Strain IPR
 Social isolation
 Urbanization
 Poor social interaction

8. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 HALLUCINATION
 DELUSION
 AGGRESSION
 BIZARRE BEHAVIOUR
 SUSPICIOUSNESS
 EXCITEMENT
 GRANDIOSITY
 NONSENSE WORDS
 SHIFTING QUICKLY FROM ONE THOUGHT TO ANOTHER
THOUGHT
 MOVING SLOWLY

9. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 UNABLE TO MAKE DECISIONS
 WRITING EXCESSIVELY WITHOUT MEANING
 FORGETTING OR LOSING THINGS
 REPEATING MOVEMENTS
 LACK OF EMOTIONS
 SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL
 LACK OF MOTIVATION
 LOSS OF PLEASURE
 POOR HYGIENE

10. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 BIZARRE AND ILLOGICAL THOUGHT
 NEOLOGISM
 CIRCUMSTANTIALITY
 ECHOPRAXIA
 PERSEVERATION
 VERBIGERATION

11. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 PROBLEM IN FUNCTIONING AT SCHOOL OR
WORK
 CATATONIA
 MOODINESS
 ASSOCIATIVE LOOSENESS
 AUTISTIC THINKING
 AMBIVALENCE.

12. TYPES OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA

14. SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Onset is early,and includes –ve symptoms ,
decreased motor activity and associative
looseness.

15. CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Catatonic sch. Is characterized by
disturbance in motor behviour.

16. PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
 It is manifested by Lack of trust,
suspiciousness, Grandiosity.
 This is the most common type of
schizophrenia. Symptoms include
hallucinations and/or delusions, but your
speech and emotions may not be affected.

17. HEBEPHRENIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
 It include severe disintegration of personality
,person will act senseless, giggling, silly
smile, bizzare behaviour.

18. UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Features of more than one sub type are
present.

19. RESIDUAL SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Severity of schizophrenia has decreased .
Hallucination and delusion may still be
present but less than that as were in starting.

20. ACUTE SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Acute schizophrenia is considered an
active phase of schizophrenia . It includes
depression, delirium suffering from
nightmares.
 It can be diagnosed as [individuals] who only
hear voices and are talking to themselves.

21. LATENT SCHIZOPHRENIA
 latent schizophrenia older term for a type of
schizophrenia characterized by clear
symptoms of schizophrenia but no history of
a psychotic schizophrenic episode.

22. CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHERNIA
 It starts early in life, and has a profound
impact on a child's behavior and
development. With childhood schizophrenia,
the early age of onset presents special
challenges for diagnosis, treatment,
education, and emotional and social
development.

23. POST SCHIZOPHRENIC DEPRESSION
 Post-schizophrenic depression is a
"depressive episode arising in the aftermath
of a schizophrenic illness where some low-
level schizophrenic symptoms may still be
present. Depression is a common symptom
found in patients with schizophrenia and the
suicidal tendencies are maximum.

24. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 a urine or blood test [to make sure
that alcohol or drug abuse isn’t causing the
symptoms]
 History collection
 Mental Status Examination

26. MANAGEMENT
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
ANTI ANXIETY DRUGS
 alprazolam(Xanax)
 clonazepam (Klonopin)
 diazepam (Valium)
 lorazepam(Ativan)

27. Anti depressants
 Clozapine (Clozaril, Versacloz)
 Iloperidone (Fanapt)
 Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
 Paliperidone (Invega)
 Quetiapine (Seroquel)
 Risperidone (Risperdal)
 Ziprasidone (Geodon)

28. BETA- BLOCKERS
 Acebutolol
 Atenolol (Tenormin)
 Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
 Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
 Nadolol (Corgard)
 Nebivolol (Bystolic)
 Propranolol

29. PSYCHOTHERAPY
 Behaviour therapy
 Yoga therapy
 Cognitive therapy
 Group medication
 Milieu therapy
 Individual psychotherapy
 ECT