This is an indepth presentation on the anthropometrical data of commercial complexes and malls in the field of architecture. It contains analysis, critical review and description of different things related with malls
2. INTRODUCTION
A commercial complex is a
complex of retail stores and related
facilities planned as a unified group
that give maximum convenience to
the customer and maximum
exposure to merchandise.
It also includes other non-
commercial facilities in order to
enhance the experience of the
visitors and increase flow of people
to the complex acting as a
community hub.
Nanjing Shibuqiao Commercial and
Community Center Complex
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3. Main Components Of a Commercial Complex
Shops and Boutiques Office spaces- cooperatives, banks etc.
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10. HISTORY
World
• A commercial complex is the
modern adaptation of the
historical marketplaces like the
Greek agora and the Roman
forum.
• The Agora of the typical city of
ancient Greece was essentially a
shopping center in the heart of the
business district and the roman
forum was a development of the
agora concept incorporating
roman building techniques and
culture.
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Greek Agora
11. Roman Forum
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• The Emperor Trajan’s architect,
the Greek slave Apollodorus,
built a shopping center adjacent
to the Roman Forum in 110 A.D. It
had a two-level enclosed and
ventilated mall lined with open-
fronted shops startlingly similar to
today’s most up to-date concept.
12. • After industrial revolution there comes a
drastic change in such architecture.
Introduction of glass helped a lot to
maintain the trade strategy to expose
goods in order to attract consumers.
Shops of 19th century were constructed
giving maximum exposure to
the merchandise.
• In the late 19th century shopping arcades
were built in many British towns.
Development from multi shops to arcade
shows socio-cultural change of the
people.
The first shopping mall was the Country Club Plaza, founded by the J.C.
Nichols Company and opened near Kansas City, Mo., in 1922.
Country Club Plaza
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13. • The enclosed shopping center, which would eventually be known as the
shopping mall, did not appear until the mid-1950s.The first enclosed mall called
South-dale opened in Edina, Minnesota (near Minneapolis) in 1956. It first
brought the idea of a regionally-sized, fully enclosed shopping complex.
South-Dale Centre
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14. • In present context, commercial complex with many shops under one roof is one
of the major elements of urban scape. We can say the present commercial
complexes are the filtered form of Agora with incorporation of comfort and
need in one. Use of modern materials increase transparency level in those
structures to maximize exposure. In this era, many cities are evolving as a
business center and Commercial complexes are the one bejeweling it.
Interior View Of Shopping Complex 14
15. Shopping complex of Bangkok
• High land prices in populous cities have led
to the concept of the "vertical mall", in
which space allocated to retail is configured
over a number of stories accessible
by elevators and/or escalators (usually
both) linking the different levels of the mall.
• The challenge of this type of mall is to
overcome the natural tendency of shoppers
to move horizontally and encourage
shoppers to move upwards and
downwards.
16. • The concept of a vertical mall was
originally conceived in the late 1960s by
the Mafco Company, The Water Tower
Place skyscraper, Chicago, Illinois, was
built in 1975 by Urban Retail Properties.
• It contains a hotel, luxury
condominiums, and office space and sits
atop a block-long base containing an
eight-level atrium-style retail mall that
fronts on the Magnificent Mile.
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The Water Tower
Palace Skyscraper
17. ISQUARE, Hong Kong
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• Vertical malls are common in
densely populated
conurbations in East and
Southeast Asia. Hong Kong in
particular has numerous
examples such as Times
Square, Apm, Langham Place,
ISQUARE and The One.
18. IN NEPAL
• The 1st commercial complex in Nepal
was the Bishal Bazar complex in
Ganga Path, Kathmandu. It was
established in 2026 BS (1969 AD)-
basic shops, offices and resting areas.
• Next was Bhatbhateni supermarket
established in 1984 AD- basic shops,
resting areas and food courts.
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19. • Kathmandu Mall.
• Civil Mall- 2010 A.D.- Kids play area, food courts, movie theatres
were incorporated.
• United World Trade Center.
• City Centre.
• CTC Mall- 2013 AD ktm.
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Kathmandu Mall Complex
20. • Civil Mall- 2010 A.D.- Kids
play area, food courts,
movie theatres were
incorporated.
• United World Trade Center.
• City Centre.
• CTC Mall- 2013 AD ktm.
Civil Mall Complex
21. Labim Mall- Labim is honored to be one of the first malls to have accessible
washrooms, separate accessible basement parking, an accessible lift system and
an accessible entrance with ramps for the disabled.
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Labim Mall Complex
22. A. VEHICULAR CIRCULATION/PARKING
• The parking/access/circulation system shall provide for the safe, efficient,
convenient and functional movement of multiple modes of transportation
both on and off the site.
• Pedestrian/bicycle/vehicle conflicts shall be minimized.
• Alternate modes of transportation, including public transit, bicycles and
sidewalks/trails, shall be given attention in the site design.
B. PASSENGER DROP-OFF AREAS
Passenger drop-off areas shall be incorporated into projects to provide
for safe and convenient access to building entries, where appropriate.
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DESIGN STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
24. C. SERVICE/DELIVERY, EMERGENCY AND UTILITY ACCESS
• Convenient and appropriate routes for all required service, emergency and
utility access ways shall be easily discernible and clearly marked.
• Vehicle circulation within the development shall be designed to provide
safe and efficient turning movements for all anticipated service and
emergency vehicles.
• The design of individual parcels to accommodate truck access shall have
adequate space to accommodate the turning radius of delivery trucks.
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25. D. SURFACE PARKING LOTS
• Vehicle parking shall be provided to meet the location and quantity
requirements of specific uses without undermining the function of other
modes of transportation or detracting from the creation of attractive
pedestrian environments.
• Basement parking lots are to be provided in case of inadequate space for
surface parking lots
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26. • Off-street bicycle parking shall be furnished to encourage use of alternative
transportation modes.
• Bicycle paths and routes shall be designed to provide continuous circulation
through the site separated from vehicle travel ways, wherever feasible.
E. BICYCLE CIRCULATION AND PARKING
F. PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
• Pedestrian walkways will provide connections between buildings, land use
areas and adjacent existing and new development, connecting malls office and
retail/commercial areas and transit stops.
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28. • Community and public spaces shall be considered in the development of
features within, such as patio/ seating areas, pedestrian plaza with
benches, window shopping walkway, outdoor playground area, kiosk
area, water feature, clock tower, or other such focal features. The
installation of public art in cooperation with the City art committee is
highly encouraged. These areas shall have direct access to the citywide
bicycle and pedestrian circulation system and transit stops.
• Attention to streetscapes and how roadside zones interact with a
commercial complex shall be considered. The roadside shall contain a
variety of urban design elements, including but not limited to, plazas,
seating areas, transit stops and other public uses as well as street
furniture, street trees and other landscape features, and public art
where appropriate.
G. COMMUNITY SPACES AND SPECIAL FEATURES
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29. • To provide consistent systems of pedestrian lighting that add to the character,
aesthetic appeal and safety of a development and thereby promote greater
pedestrian activity.
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H. PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING
Light plane for pedestrians 29
30. • OVERALL LIGHTING INTENT
It is important to consider lighting as an integral component of the site design.
Careful lighting design is an effective tool for the creation of cohesive
environments and for creating an image of sense of place.
In general terms, lighting must be scaled to use and designed to be appropriate
for varied applications.
• PARKING AREA LIGHTING INTENT
To light parking areas in a consistent, attractive and unobtrusive manner
that minimizes off-site impacts.
I. OVERALL AND PARKING LIGHTING
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32. Corridors
• Wide corridors are useful for wheelchair users, service equipment, high traffic
areas, etc. Changes in surface level of more than 13mm should be ramp ed.
Floor surfaces should be non-slip and even. Carpets should be securely
fastened.
• Corridors and passage ways heights shall not be less than 2.4m
• Unobstructed width of 1800mm minimum
• Aisle width for clerks, minimum = 1’8”
• Desirable = 2’ – 2’3”
• For main public aisles = 4’6” minimum
• Average 5’6” into 7’
• Usual maximum = 11’
• Secondary public aisles = 3’ – 3’6
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33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38. Escalators
• Inclination: 30 or 35 degree (35 degree is
preferred; 30 degree is considered wasteful
of space; it is only needed for high speed
heavy traffic)
• Maximum travel is 6m (19ft 8inch) vertical
height with limit of speed of approximately
0.5m per sec. (100ft per min).
• The maximum load as a guide may be taken
as 12½ kg per 6m (19ft 8 in.) travel unit.
• Platform or an enclosure raised and lowered
in a vertical shaft to transport people.
Escalator Width
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39. Maximum loads are stipulated for passenger lift
• 400kg (small lift) for passenger with hand baggage only.
• 630kg (medium lift) passenger with prams and wheelchairs.
• 1000kg (large lift) can also accommodate stretchers, coffins.
• Inclination: 30 or 35 degree (35 degree is preferred; 30 degree is considered
wasteful of space; it is only needed for high speed heavy traffic)
• Maximum travel is 6m (19ft 8inch) vertical height with limit of speed of
approximately 0.5m per sec (100ft per min).
• The maximum load as a guide may be taken as 12 ½ kg per 6m (19ft 8 in.)
travel unit.
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42. Ramps
• An exterior location is preferred for ramps. Indoor ramps are not
recommended because they take up a great deal of space. Ideally, the
entrance to a ramp should be immediately adjacent to the stairs
Standard Design for Ramp
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43. Exits and Escape routes
• 1m wide per 150 people (min 0.8m wide) aisle should be provided.
• In the orthodox proscenium type of theater, the greatest hazards are those
arising from fire on the stage.
• The strategy for dealing with an outbreak of fire on the stage is to confine it
within four walls of the stage tower and to use the powerful upward draught
created by the chimney effect of the tower to draw heat and smoke away
from the audience.
• The maximum number of lifts in one row for a lift bank = 4
• A wall of 2h fire rating shall separate individual shafts in a bank.
• Collapsible gates shall not be permitted for the lifts and shall have solid doors
with fire resistance of at least one hour.
• Lifts shafts shall have a vent at the top of area not less than 0.2mts.
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44. Horizontal Escape Routes:
• 18m in one direction and 45m in other.
• Maximum number of steps= 15 steps
• Minimum =3 steps access of the theatre in the upper storey should have at
least two independent stairs of fire- proof construction
Table. Requirements of Exits Table. Width of Escape Routes
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47. Stores And Shops
Basic dimensional guidelines give the minimum heights of spaces in shops and
storage facilities as:
• Up to 400 m2 retail floor space – 3.00m
• Over 400 m2 retail floor space – 3.30m
• Over 1500 m2 retail floor space - 3.50m
53. Retail Shops
Shops with one customer's aisle only are usually
- 12 to 15 ft wide by 50 to 60 ft long in large cities; and
- 15 to 18ft wide by 60 to 80 ft long in smaller cities.
• Heights are more easily determined.
• Basements 8 to 9 ft high, in the clear, permit economical stock storage.
• Ground floors are preferably approximately 12 ft high If no mezzanine is
included.
• Mezzanines at least 7 ft 6 in above floor level will accommodate most fixture
heights. Height from mezzanine floor to ceiling may be as low as 6 ft 6 in.
• If used for service space only; 7 ft is the preferred minimum for public use.
56. Typical Counter and Case Layouts
• Center Island Type illustrated, L = 13 ft avg. min.; W = 9 ft 6 in. to 13 ft.
• Islands composed of showcases only, L = 10 ft min.; W= 5 ft 10 in. to 6 ft
3 in.
• For floor tables, L =4 to 7 ft; W=2 ft 6in. to 3ft.
• Aisle Widths For clerks, min. = 1 ft 8 in.; desirable, 2 ft to 2 ft 3 in.
• For main public aisles, min. = 4 ft 6 in.; avg., 5 ft 6 in. to 7 ft; usual max.
11 ft.
• Secondary public aisles, 3 ft to 3 ft 6 in.
• Basic plan layout of the retail shops
57.
58. Basic plan layouts for retail shops :
• Straight plan:
It is a conventional form of layout that utilizes walls
and projection to create smaller spaces. It is an
economical plan to execute and can be adapted to any
type of store, from gift shops to apparel outlets, from
drug and grocery stores to departmental stores.
• Diagonal plan:
This type of plan is optimal for self-service stores. The
cashier is in the central location, with sightlines to all the
areas of the space. Soft goods or hard goods stores,
including drug and food stores, can take advantage of the
diagonal plan. It permits the angular traffic flow and
creates perimeter design interest and excitement in
movement
59. • Pathway plan:
It is applicable to virtually any type of store but is
particularly suited to large stores over 5000
square feet and on one level. This type of plan
gets shopper smoothly from the front to the rear
of the store. The merits of such a layout are that
the path can take any shape and that it creates a
design pattern.
• Curve plan:
For boutiques, salons, or other high-quality
stores, the curved plan creates an inviting,
special environment for the customer. The
curved theme can be emphasized with the walls,
ceiling and corners. People respond to circular
and curved shape which soften the angular and
square plan.
60. • Geometric plan:
The designer creates forms with shapes derived from
showcases, racks and gondolas in a geometric plan. This
plan is the most exotic of the six basic plans and the
designer can use wall angles to restate the shapes
dominating the sales floor. It can be the alternative to
varied plan for shoe stores and gift shops.
• Varied plan:
For products that require back-up merchandise to be
immediately adjacent (shoes and men’s shirt), the varied
plan is highly functional. It is a variation of the straight-
line plan with sufficient square footage allowed for box
or cartoon storage off the main sales floor with
perimeter wall stocking. It illustrates added variety of
forms which can work to a designer’s advantage.
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64. • Recreational Areas
A. Amusement Arcades/ Gaming Zone
• The types of machines found in amusement arcades will vary from country to
country given that the setting up of games for gambling is subject to
regulations and licensing. It is therefore necessary to take into account the
licensing policies if it is intended to provide games which produce winnings of
money or goods in a games arcade or similar premises. The sizes of gaming
machines are given as:
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65.
66. B. Bowling Alleys
The most common type of lane is wood. Synthetics are becoming more
popular and some lanes are a combination of wood and synthetic. The lane is
18.288m from the foul line to the centre of the headpin. It shall be between
41 and 42 inches in width. The lane plus the gutters shall not be less than 60
inches nor more than 60 ¼ inches wide.
67.
68. C. Snooker and Billiards
• Size of Billiard Table=2.6mx1.5m.
• Size of Snooker Table=4mx2m.
• Min space required= 8mx6m.
• 0.75mx(1.3-1.5m)space required to keep cues.
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69. • Restaurants, Food Courts & Bar
• Planning should allow variety of seating arrangement.
• Larger regular spaces must be broken up with necessary screens or decorative features.
• The arrangement or layout should be very functional.
• Additional tables and chair should be available for flexible table grouping.
• The patron’s size and the type and quality of service should be considered.
• Small children 8 sq. ft
• Adult 12 sq. ft
• Banquet seating 10sq. ft per seat
• Deluxe restaurant 20sq. ft per seat
• The place settings for adults usually allow 24inches and for children 18to 20 inches
• Small tables, such as 24 or 30 inches square are economical for seating but are
uncomfortable for large no, of people.
• A minimum passage area is 18inches between chairs, and including chair area, tables
should be placed 4 to 5feet apart.
• A table length to seat four, six or eight is preferable.
70.
71.
72. Food Courts
Food courts are large halls that house groups of small outlets selling a wide
variety of specialist food products. Customers can either sit and eat on the
premises or take the food away. With attractive displays and market-style
environment, food courts offer a pleasant shopping environment.
Area required:
• Area may be to allow between 20-40m sq. per kiosks and 1.2m sq. per seat
• Minimum width of service aisle 0.9-1.35m
• Dining area per seat: 1.5-2.15m sq.(60% of total area)
• Kitchen area per seat: 0.4-0.6m sq. (15-20%)
• Waiter station: 1 per 20-30 seats
85. Theatre / Cinema
Seating space:
• Very large 1500 or more seats
• Large 900 – 1500 seats
• Medium 500 – 900 seats
• Small under 500 seats
• Size of auditorium: An area of at least 0.5m2 /spectator
• Length of rows: maximum of 16 seats per aisle.
• 25 seats per aisle are permissible if one side exit door of 1m width is provided
per 3-4 rows
• Fan shaped most efficient design.
97. ESSENTIALS OF A COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
CREATE A COMPLETE HUB:
• As mentioned above that shopping malls today have become more famous
and popular because of different reasons.
• It is necessary to provide a community-based system where different traders
can serve the clients. For example, a shopping mall where grocery to
household items, electronics to plastic chairs and other necessary things are
available.
• This will become a one-point shopping complex for the people. It is an
attractive option for everyone and buyers like to visit such shopping malls.
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98. LAND AND LOCATION:
• Definitely, land and location are very important for the designing. Most of
shopping complex designs are prepared according to the type of land and
location.
• The land must be accessible. This factor must be considered before starting the
project. A piece of land that is close to main societies and communities is ideal
for shopping mall.
• It is important to check the accessibility and suitability of a plot or land. It
would be better if you hire a designing consultancy firm to check the
professional factors.
• The location should be close to the city if you are going to develop something
special for the buyers and traders.
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99. PARKING FACILITY:
• Remember, there must be good parking facility for the traders as well as
buyers. It has been observed that parking facility plays a vital role to make the
shopping mall projects successful. A shopping mall in the main city without
parking will definitely get the customers who coming by walk.
• Most of the customers would not prefer to leave the motorbikes or cars on
roads. Take care of the parking facility whenever considering a design for the
shopping mall.
DEVELOP A MARKET TREND:
• It is another important concept. For example, the developers and businessmen
are giving more preference to the shopping mall which specializes in a single
product such as computer market or mobile phone market. This type of
concept becomes more useful for the traders because they need constant
traffic of customers. On the other hand, the customers also like a shopping
where they can deal with multiple traders to get the desired product.
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100. • CUSTOMER SUPPORT:
• There is a need to focus on the customer support section. Actually, when you
make a deal with the multiple professions you find various types of customers
and traders.
• It is necessary to organize a setup that can interact with all types of
businesses and clients coming to the shopping mall. Nowadays, this trend is
getting more and more famous in the industry.
• All these things must be compared and considered whenever designing the
shopping malls. This will help the project managers to get an ideal future in all
types of competition scope.
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101. SOCIO-CULTURAL ROLE AND PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION
• As the contemporary society continues to grow, the commercial complexes
have been developed in different aspects according to the circumstances and
historical situation of each city.
• The commercial complexes reflect the economic ripple effect and modern
lifestyle of the people in the contemporary cities. It is the best way to express
the direction of a city.
• The role of the commercial complexes is to provide better sociability and
greater engagement and intimation between people and the public to ease off
the commercial and economic activity. In a sense, construction of commercial
complexes helps bring economic stability to an area.
• In short, the commercial complex building is contributory in the story telling of
the community or the city that it stands on- they show others if that place is
prosperous or not.
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103. • Since 2000, the development of commercial complexes, both domestically and
abroad, has been actively pursued on a large-scale basis.
• That being said, the design should ensure the complex building to be inspiring,
create rejuvenating activities and have effectiveness in facilitation to the
customers.
GREEN SPACE WATER BODIES
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104. VASTU IN COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
• Though it isn't always possible to employ the specifications of Vastu
strictly in the design of Commercial Complexes due to limit in the
resources, land or due to the pre-existing urban pattern.
• It is always auspicious and culturally favorable to try to abide by the Vastu
specifications where it is viable.
• Some convenient but beneficial ways to approach design through
adoption of Vastu specifications can be followed.
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105. Environment and Energy Conservations
The concept of sustainable development was used in the report “Our
Common Future” published in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment
and Development (WCED). A new development concept that simultaneously
pursued environmental conservation and development had emerged. In other
words, it could be defined as “development that could meet the needs and
demands of the present generation without disturbing the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs and demands”.
In the context of Nepal, Commercial buildings can be made sustainable and
environmentally friendly in the following ways.
• Natural Ventilation.
• Lighting.
• Cavity Walls.
• Green Concept 105
106. Natural Ventilation
• Complex should be built in
a way that natural
ventilation flows through
the entire structure thus
not requiring an HVAC
replacement.
• Windows and openings
should be designed in ways
that brings out the
optimum climate and
structure relation.
107. Lighting
• Use of LED Lights over CFL Bulbs can save a large amount of
money
• Efficient smart Lights that can be remotely controlled can also
help to save energy in the long run.
• Increase Maximum sunlight should also be a high priority to
avoid any lighting in general.
108. Cavity Walls
• Cavity walls help maintain the internal and external temperature difference.
• They help to reduce the overall energy consumption by the HVAC system.
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110. Green Concept
• Many large trees can reduce temperatures in the daytime as the trees use solar
energy and the environment to live.
• They also absorb water from the soil and convert it into steam that is lost from
the leaves. These processes use about 2,200 BTU of thermal energy to convert
one litre of water into steam, so a big tree can absorb water from the soil and
convert it into steam at about 65 litres/day, which means big trees can reduce
the heat in the environment equivalent to air conditioning of 12,000 BTU/hr
(daytime is 12 hrs.).
• Thus, temperature reductions can be created by planting trees and building
appropriate
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111.
112. SAFETY ISSUES
Structural Protection
• Open, glass stairwells and glass-backed elevators.
• To avoid carbon monoxide build-up, air flow is adequately designed for
through mechanical and/or natural ventilation.
• Non-slippery floor surface. Cleanliness.
• Proper calculation and adequate placement of structures following standard
building codes.
• Handicap accessibility with vehicles close to stair and elevator cores having a
direct path to key movement patterns of the facility.
• Resting places with benches.
• Eliminate potential hiding places, such as under open stairs.
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113. Technological Protection
• Use of better and more intelligent system than can effectively protect every
space.
• A wide range of options and features that can be tailored to the requirements
of the buildings can be summarized as follows:
• Access Control System.
• Intrusion Detection System.
• Surveillance System.
• Health and Safety.
• Fire Monitoring.
• Lifts and Elevators.
• Secondary Escape Routes.
• Security devices such as video, audio and emergency buttons that call into the
booth or local police station.
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114. BUILDING CODES FOR FIRE SAFETY
• Appliances
-Provision of Fire Place and a Chimney in buildings having kitchen.
-Installation of appropriate portable fire extinguishers.
• Fire Zones
-Demarcation of fire zone in urban areas in consultation with relevant municipal
authority.
• General Requirements
-Provision of a Proper Access.
-Provision of Wide Doors.
-Provision of Fire Escape Ways.
-Provision of Open Space
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115. • Exit Requirements
1. General Requirements:
An exit normally shall consist of either a doorway, corridor or passageway
to an internal staircase, to an external staircase, to a verandah leading to the
street, to the roof of a building, or to the street. The exit may also lead to
another building in the neighborhood. The exit should :
a) be able to allow the evacuation of all the occupants in a relatively short time;
b) meet the minimum requirements as to size;
c) be free of any obstructions and shall not provide any resistance to
movement;
d) be clearly visible, preferably with proper signs;
e) be continuous and shall not intrude into private space.
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116. 2. Number of Exits
I. Stairs
The number of stairs in any building, especially when it exceeds 500 square
meters in plinth area, shall be a minimum of two, one internal and the other an
external fire escape. Additional stairs shall be provided in proportion to any
increase in the plinth area.
II. Fire Escapes
Every building more than five storey high shall have a separate fire escape
having a minimum width of 75 cm. The fire escape shall have a minimum tread
width of 20 cm and each riser shall be not more than 19 cm high. The number
of risers per flight shall not be more than 15. Such a fire escape shall carry users
towards an open space.
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118. III. Exit Doors
Exit doors shall open to a passageway or to a corridor. They should open outwards,
but without restricting the movement of people passing outside the door.
The maximum distance of such an exit doorway from any point in a passage shall be
20 m.
The exit doorway shall neither be smaller than 90 cm in width, nor 180 cm in height.
• Access to a Building
-It shall comply with all applicable zoning requirements and by-laws of the local
planning and building authority.
-The access leading to a building should preferably be by a road at least four meters
wide, and no such road should lead to a dead end.
-The road should not have such sharp or restricted turns that the passage of a fire
engine is made difficult in the event of fire.
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119. • Lightning Arresters/Conductors
There have been many incidents in Nepal when
lightning strikes have resulted in fire in buildings and a
consequential loss of life and property. The need to
install lightning arresters/conductors is therefore
important.
- A lightning arrester shall be located in the highest
part of every building and it shall be connected by a
conductor to an earth rod buried in the earth.
- The lightning arrester shall be so located that as
much as possible of the building lies inside the
surface of an imaginary cone having a vertex angle of
45 degrees and its apex at the top of the arrester.
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120. FUTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
Commercial buildings are continuously changing and evolving to meet the needs
of their users. The structure, operation, and use of buildings of the past differ
from today. Commercial buildings in the next several decades will continue to
evolve to meet these changing needs.
The drivers of socio-cultural change that change the nature of buildings:
• Communications/Electronics and Energy
• Biotechnology/Nanotechnology
• Internet and Transportation
• Manufacturing
• Materials
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121. Commercial Complex and Commercial Real Estate After COVID
Commercial complexes have lost its purpose with globally workforce going
fully remote. Consequently, the world has gone into a recession, commercial
real estate is one of the worst hit markets due to 2020 pandemic. So, in the
post-pandemic time there is going to be an immediate evolution in commercial
complex with new conditions, requirements and practice
Having conducted remote work for long enough now, companies space
priorities reached a new norm, especially coming from sizable savings for both
workforce (time & money) and for companies (rental expenditure &
maintenance costs).
There are downsides to the workforce fully being remote, like extreme
difficulty in building a one team culture especially with newer people coming
onboard. In long term, this will impact companies the worst as the team
bonding is very superficial in remote mode. Consequences of this are evident
with the need for higher investments in middle management layer for
supervision becoming obvious.
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123. Commercial complex will undergo the following evolution and impacted by
these factors:
• Going Hybrid.
• Need of Flex.
• Addition to net new space to the market.
• People’s location preferences (commute, amenities, community, and glamor).
• Avoiding the crowds.
• A focus on wellness and hygiene.
• A Complete Overhaul of In-Person Tours.
• Forced market conditions to redo renting terms.
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124. CONCLUSION
Due to the rapid economic development, people were used to fast-paced needs in
a convenient, fast, economic, and set a variety of functions in an integrated space and
enjoy the life and work efficiently, so the commercial complexes have come into being,
and once set off a wave of commercial development and construction of the complex
wave. Traditional commercial complex design, the project itself due to the lack of
function, location, size, nature and so a full investigation, analysis, research, and thus the
lack of systematic and scientific, to put into operation from the project has been
positioned behind the people’s consumption concepts, and in the fierce market
competition and gradually lost its commercial position. In recent years, has become a
large commercial complex commercial real estate developers favored model, not only in
Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities of the rapid development of commercial
complex, is that some second and third tier cities the construction of commercial
complex as the urban development goals. Began to rise in the real estate sector is a
saying: "Who owns the commercial complex will come to have the city’s future.
124
125. SOURCES
• Commercial Development Design Guidelines
• Design and Analysis of Tall and Complex Structures-Feng Fu
• DPA 16 Design Guidelines for Multi-unit Residential, Commercial and Industrial
• HOW WE REALLY BEHAVE IN PUBLIC SPACES (linkedin.com)
• From lizarding to lingering: how we really behave in public spaces | Cities | The Guardian
• Commercial Complex ~ History – Art and architecture (wordpress.com)
• Path Guthrie – The Architect’s Portable Handbook (1999, McGraw Hill)
• Ernest and Peter Neufert – Architect’s Data (2000, Blackwell Science)
• Time Saver Standards for building types
• Common Spaces of Multi-Commercial Complexes from Urban Sustainability (School of Architecture, Soongsil
University, Seoul 156743,)
• The Future of Commercial Buildings - ECEEE
• https://www.iwgplc.com/MediaCentre/Article/whats-the-future-of-commercial-real-estate-after-covid
• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/the-future-of-commercial-real-estate/
• https://www.ccim.com/cire-magazine/articles/safe-and-secure/
• Commercial Complex | Architect Magazine www.architectmagazine.com
• https://www.houseportraitsbydeb.com/why-commercial-buildings-are-important-to-local-communities/
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