Doordarshan is the oldest and the biggest Broadcasting media in India.. One must have never thought that so many things are required for watching a television. The camera, the studio, the transmitter, the PDA, the setup box (installed in houses) everything is connected to each other. Here man and electronics work as if they are a family. So many process and lots of hard work, sincerity is required to just have a show or say a movie on air i.e. to be broadcasted.

1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE JHALAWAR
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
FROM
DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, PATNA
ON TOPIC
TELEVISION BROADCAST SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY:-
RAVI SHANKAR KUMAR
B.TECH (FINAL YEAR)
ROLL NO- 14EEJEC014

2. INTRODUCTION
TV STUDIO EARTH STATION
TRANSMISSION
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3. GLIMPSE OF DDK PATNA

4. INTRODUCTION
 Process of sending information to a distant place is
called Broadcasting.
 DOORDARSHAN = Distant + Show
 Means of Broadcasting in India:
1.Terrestrial.
2.Satellite.
3.Internet.
 Both AIR and DD make use of both Terrestrial and
Satellite.
 Doordarshan is a public broadcast terrestrial
Channel run by Prasar bharati.

5. DOORDARSHAN NETWORK

6. TELEVISION STANDARDS
• NTSC-National television standards
committee(US) (525 Horizontal & 60 vertical
lines)
• SECAM-System electronics for colour avec
memory(FRANCE)(625 vertical & 50horizantal
lines)
• PAL- Phase Alternating lines(GERMANY)(625
horizontal & 50 vertical line)
Television standards used in India is PAL

7. PAL ENCODER & DECODER
• Input is the primary colour (i.e. red, green,
blue) into matrix circuit as Y, R-Y, B-Y.
• Y=0.30R+0.59G+.11B
• U=0.477(R-Y)
• V=0.895(B-Y)
• Out of 625 horizontal line only 575 are active
• 50 vertical lines

8. ADDITIVE COLOUR MIXING
Y=0.30R+0.59G+0.11B
U=0.477(R-Y)
V=0.895(B-Y)

9. RESOLUTION
 Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image. Resolution
is sometimes identified by the width and height of the image as
well as the total number of pixels in the image.
BRIGHTNESS
• Mixing Of Black and White at a contrast ratio 20:1
CONTRAST
• Relative Difference Between Black and White.

10. TELEVISION COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER
FM MODULATOR
FM SOUND
TRANSMITTER
MIC.
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR RF AMPLIFIER
POWER
AMPLIFIER
SCANNING CIRCUIT
COMBINING
NETWORK
DEPLEXER
CAME
RA
VIDEO
AMPLIFIER
AM
MODULATION
AMPLIFIER

11. •Studio - A (Main)
Four Camera Digital set up
For recording of programmes and other major activities.
•Studio - B (News)
Two Camera digital set up
For News & Regional transmissions
•OB VAN
Six Camera digital set up
For outdoor coverage
•Earth Station
•ENG (Electronic News Gathering)
•With 12 portable ENG units for the purpose of day to day News
and outdoor programmes coverage.
•Post production facilities
•Computer based 3D Graphics facility.
•Separate studio for audio dubbing.
STUDIO SETUP

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• A television studio, is an installation room in which video productions take
place, either for the recording of live television to video tape, or for the
acquisition of raw footage for post-production.
• Studio hall contains many devices for shooting. Like lighting , microphone,
makeup room, Furniture, Cameras and sound absorbers
• DDK patna produce their own programs like “Bihar Bihan” and “Fursat
Ghar”.

13. Components of TV studio
• Camera
• Lighting
• Microphones
• Vision mixer and Audio consoles
• MSR
• VTR
• Acoustics
• Post production and video effects
• Supporting services like AC, UPS
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14. CAMERA
 camera is an optical instrument that records images that can be stored
directly, transmitted to another location, or both. These images may be
still photographs or moving images such as videos or movies.
 A TV camera consist of three section.
 Optical part - To form optical image.
 Transducer - To convert optical image in to electrical signal.
 Electronic part - To process output of a transducer to get a
CCVS ( colour composite video signal).
 CCD Camera are used for recording.
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15. Types
 Hard lighting
 Soft lighting
Use gels to control the which in
beyond control to match it.
Never avoid the lighting
mismatch

16. TYPE
INTENSITY OF
LIGHTING
KEY LIGHT 100%
FILL LIGHT 80%
BACK LIGHT 110%

17. Sound is important for establishing mood and
intensifying an event
The sound track helps us to connect the visual
fragments of the relatively small, low-definition
television image to form a meaningful whole

18. Major types
 Dynamic/moving coil
microphones
 Condenser microphones
 Ribbon/velocity microphones

19. VISION MIXER
• A vision mixer (also called video
switcher, video mixer or production
switcher) is a device used to select
between several different video sources and
in some cases mix video sources together
and add special effects.
• It has many input sources such as cameras,
VCR/ server, Graphics/Character
Generators,etc.
• Out of these input, any source can be taken
as output.
• Sources can be changed as cut to cut,
dissolve, wipe and other special effects.

20. PRODUCTION CONTROL ROOM
• MONITOR
PROGRAM AND
GRAPHICS
• VISION MIXER
(to select video
sources)
• Audio console
• Add video
effect

21. MSR
• It is the heart of the studio.
• Most of the switching electronics is
kept e.g. camera base stations,
switcher main frame, SPG, Satellite
receivers, MW link, DDA & most of
the patch panels.
• Signal is routed through MSR.
• Signal can be Monitored at various
stages

22. MASTER CONTROL ROOM
It connect the of following equipment
• Camera control unit
• VTRs
• Patch panel
• Vision mixer

23. • CHARCTER GENERATORS
Names and graphics inserted into programs
• CONTROL APPARATUS ROOM
Includes the power supply unit
UPS room
Generator
• VIDEO TAPE RECORDER
Consists of recorded materials i.e. v.c.r

24. Acoustic System
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 It is derived from a Greek word “akoustos” which means
“hearing”.
It is use to prevent sounds from it’s echo.
In Doordarshan studio , all the sound must have to be
done Acoustic treatment to preserve the originality of the
sound along with extending maximum pleasure to the
listener.

25. EARTH STATION

26. EARTH STATION
• Earth Station is a very important part of satellite
communication system for broadcasting of signals.
• It is an uplink center from which the signals are fed to
Satellite for distribution in a specified area covered by the
Satellite.
• The signal is up-linked from the Earth Station and
received by many down link centers in TV broad casting
via PDA.
• Two Types: 1) Analog, 2) Digital
• Digital Earth Stations are widely used because of various
advantages over analog.

27. Major Components of Digital Earth
Station
• PDA (Parabolic Dish Antenna)
• FEED
• Wave Guide / Low Loss Cable
• HPA (TWTA, Klystrons)
• Up converter
• Modulator
• Encoder
• Multiplexer
• IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder)

28. EARTH STATION
Up linking process

29. EARTH STATION
Down Linking Process

30. EARTH
STATION TANSMITTER/RECEIVER
SATELLITE
DTH
RECEIVER
TV
UPLINKING
DOWNLINKING
THE PROCESS OF TRANSMISSION
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31. OB Van
 Outside broadcasting (OB) is the
electronic field production (EFP) of
television or radio programmes
(typically to cover television news and
sports television events) from a
mobile remote broadcast television
studio.
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32. OB VAN

33. OB Van & DSNG
• A typical OB Van is usually
divided into 4 parts.
• The first and largest part is the
production area or sitting area
for all directors & producers.
• The second part of a van is for
the audio engineer.
• The 3rd part of the van is video
tape.

34. • The 4th part is transmission where the signal is monitored
by and engineered for quality control purposes and is
transmitted or sent to other trucks.
• DSNG is a portable uplinking centre.

35. ANTENNA & SATELLITE
• An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer
designed to transmit or receive
electromagnetic waves. In other words,
antennas convert electromagnetic
waves into electrical currents and vice
versa.

36. TRANSMITTER
 A television transmitter is a
device which broadcasts
an electromagnetic signal to
the television receivers.
 Television transmitters may
be analog or digital.
 Types of Transmitters
 (1)VLPT’s
 (2)LPT’s
 (3)HPT’s
 DDK Patna Has 6 HPT’s, 24
LPT’s ,2 VLPT’s.
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37. DD Free Dish is India's only Free Direct-To-Home Service previously
known as DD Direct +. This service was launched in December,
2004. DD Free Dish DTH service is owned and operated by Public
Service Broadcaster Prasar Bharati (Doordarshan).

38. DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TV
Digital terrestrial television (DTTV or DTT) is a technological evolution of broadcast
television and an advancement over analog television. DTTV broadcasts land-based (terrestrial)
signals.

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T V STUDIO PCR
Tx Room
MSR
Tx E/S
DTH Service
O B Van
DSNG
Van
Rx cable TV
Rx E/S H P Tx
Rx dish
TV
DD Archives
SAT
Feed Room
CONCLUSION

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