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1. Good Clinical Practice
(GCP)
Ravish Yadav

2. ICH
• The formation of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH)
led to the creation of the Consolidated Guidance on GCP.
• The ICH consisted of the governments of the United States, EU and
Japan coming together to develop common regulations for the
pharmaceutical markets among member countries

3. • Q- Guidelines: Defining relevant thresholds for impurities testing and a
more flexible approach to pharmaceutical quality based on Good
Manufacturing Practice (GMP) risk management.
• S-Safety Guidelines: ICH has produced a comprehensive set of safety
guidelines to uncover potential risks like carcinogenicity, genotoxicity
and reproductive toxicity.
• E – Efficacy Guidelines: The work carried out by ICH under the Efficacy
heading is concerned with the design, conduct, safety and reporting of
clinical trials

4. • M – Multidisciplinary Guidelines: Those are the cross-cutting topics
which do not fit uniquely into one of the Quality, Safety and Efficacy
categories.

5. What Is GCP?
Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is defined as a ‘standard for the design,
conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses and
reporting of clinical trials that provides assurance that the data and
reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights,
integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected’

6. Definations
• Investigator: A person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at
a trial site. If a trial is conducted by a team of individuals at a trial site,
the investigator is the responsible leader of the team and may be called
the principal investigator.
• Investigator's Brochure: A compilation of the clinical and nonclinical
data on the investigational product(s) that is relevant to the study of the
investigational product(s) in human subjects

7. • Protocol: A document that describes the objective(s), design,
methodology, statistical considerations, and organization of a trial. The
protocol usually also gives the background and rationale for the trial, but
these could be provided in other protocol referenced documents.
Throughout the ICH GCP Guidance, the term protocol refers to protocol
and protocol amendments.
• Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): Detailed, written instructions to
achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function.

8. • Informed Consent: A process by which a subject voluntarily confirms his
or her willingness to participate in a particular trial, after having been
informed of all aspects of the trial that are relevant to the subject's
decision to participate. Informed consent is documented by means of a
written, signed, and dated informed consent form.
• Case report form (CRF): A printed, optical, or electronic document
designed to record all of the protocol-required information to be
reported to the sponsor on each trial subject.

9. • Contract Research Organization (CRO): A person or an organization
(commercial, academic, or other) contracted by the sponsor to perform one
or more of a sponsor's trial-related duties and functions.
• Serious Adverse Event (SAE) or Serious Adverse Drug Reaction (Serious
ADR): Any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose:
• Results in death
• Is life-threatening,
• Requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization,
• Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or
• Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect.

10. The Core of the Consolidated GCP
Guidance
1 Clinical trials should be conducted in accordance with the ethical
consideration of Patient .
2 Before a trial is initiated, foreseeable risks and inconveniences should be
weighed against the anticipated benefit for the individual trial subject
and society. A trial should be initiated and continued only if the
anticipated benefits justify the risk.
2 The rights, safety, and well-being of the trial subjects are the most
important considerations and should prevail over interests of science and
society

11. 4. The available non clinical and clinical information on an investigational
product should be adequate to support the proposed clinical trial
5 Clinical trials should be scientifically sound, and described in a clear,
detailed protocol
6 A trial should be conducted in compliance with the protocol that has
received prior institutional review board (IRB)/independent ethics
committee (IEC) approval/favorable opinion
7 The medical care given to, and medical decisions made on behalf of,
subjects should always be the responsibility of a qualified physician
or, when appropriate, of a qualified dentist

12. 8 Each individual involved in conducting a trial should
be qualified by education, training, and experience
to perform his or her respective tasks .
8 Freely given informed consent should be obtained
from every subject prior to clinical trial
participation.
8 All clinical trial information should be recorded,
handled, and stored in a way that allows its
accurate reporting, interpretation, and verification

13. 11.The confidentiality of records that could identify subjects should be
protected, respecting the privacy and confidentiality rules in accordance
with the applicable regulatory requirements.
12 Investigational products should be manufactured, handled, and
stored in accordance with applicable good manufacturing practice
(GMP). They should be used in accordance with the approved
protocol.
13 Systems with procedures that assure the quality of every aspect of
the trial should be implemented

14. (IRB/IEC)
• Independent Ethics Committee (IEC): An independent body (a review board or a
committee, institutional, regional, national, or supranational), constituted of
medical/scientific professionals and nonmedical/nonscientific members, whose
responsibility it is to ensure the protection of the rights, safety, and well-being of
human subjects involved in a trial.
• Institutional Review Board (IRB): An independent body constituted of medical,
scientific, and nonscientific members, whose responsibility it is to ensure the
protection of the rights, safety, and well-being of human subjects involved in a trial
by, among other things, reviewing, approving, and providing continuing review of
trials, of protocols and amendments, and of the methods and material to be used in
obtaining and documenting informed consent of the trial subjects.

15. Responsibilities
• An IRB/IEC should safeguard the rights, safety, and well-being of all trial
subjects.
• The IRB/IEC should consider the qualifications of the investigator for
the proposed trial, as documented by a current curriculum vitae and/or
by any other relevant documentation the IRB/IEC requests.
• The IRB/IEC should conduct continuing review of each ongoing trial at
intervals appropriate to the degree of risk to human subjects, but at
least once per year.

16. • The IRB/IEC should review both the amount and method of payment
to subjects to assure that neither presents problems under influence
on the trial subjects.
• The IRB/IEC should ensure that information regarding payment to
subjects, including the methods, amounts, and schedule of payment
to trial subjects, is set forth in the written informed consent form
and any other written information to be provided to subjects

17. Composition, Functions, and Operations
• The IRB/IEC should consist of a reasonable number of members, who
collectively have the qualifications and experience to review and
evaluate the science, medical aspects, and ethics of the proposed
trial.
• the IRB/IEC should include:
• (a) At least five members.
• (b) At least one member whose primary area of interest is in a
nonscientific area.
• (c) At least one member who is independent of the institution/trial
site.

18. Functions
• The IRB/IEC should perform its functions according to written
operating procedures, should maintain written records of its
activities and minutes of its meetings, and should comply with GCP
and with the applicable regulatory requirement(s).
• An IRB/IEC should make its decisions at announced meetings at
which at least a quorum, as stipulated in its written operating
procedures, is present.

19. • Only members who participate in the IRB/IEC review and discussion
should vote/provide their opinion and/or advise.
• The investigator may provide information on any aspect of the trial,
but should not participate in the deliberations of the IRB/IEC or in the
vote/opinion of the IRB/IEC.