Fog Computing is the Future of the Industrial Internet of Things
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Originally aired 8/24/2016
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Fog Computing is the Future of the Industrial Internet of Things
- 1. Fog Compu)ng is the Future of the IIoT Stan Schneider, PhD. RTI CEO, IIC Steering Commi?ee
- 2. What is Fog? • Weather: Fog = Cloud close to the ground • IoT: Fog = Cloud close to the things – Flexible, powerful computa)on outside a data center • Neither is a crisp term
- 3. My (Easy) Defini)ons • Cloud – An elas)c compu)ng environment in a $b data center • IT (Informa)on Technology) – SoQware (and hardware) that runs in the cloud – Also, sys admins and business programmers who run the above • Things – Any physical device or system that has compu)ng. – Soon, everything manmade. • OT – Compu)ng that actually controls and powers “things” – Also, engineers who implement the things • Edge – IT’s collapsed view of the real world not in the cloud • Fog – Compu)ng that makes OT things intelligent with distributed or elas)c compu)ng not in a data center. Usually layered. • IoT – All of the above • IIoT – IoT that consumers don’t buy (except AD cars)
- 4. The smart machine era will be the most disrup4ve in the history of IT -‐-‐ Gartner
- 5. The IIoT Disrup)on The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries Common technology that spans industries brings bold new approaches and enables fast change
- 6. 250+ companies strong Goal: build and prove a common architecture that spans sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and works across industries
- 7. 250+ Companies, 25+ Countries Contribu9ng Members IIC Founding Members The IIC Created the Industrial Internet of Things Market
- 8. RTI’s Role in the IIC Connec)vity Safety Team Architecture Team Distr Data Mgmt & Interoperabilty IIC Steering Commi?ee Legal Working Group Marke9ng Working Group Business Strategy Working Group Security Working Group Technology Working Group Testbeds Working Group Liaisons Team Ecosystem Testbed SubC IIC Staff
- 10. ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc.
- 11. The “Fog Node” ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc. Remote management Security Elas)c compute Analy)cs / cogni)on Data management Data management Applica)on services Connec)vity
- 12. RTI’s Experience • ~1000 Projects – Healthcare – Transporta)on – Communica)ons – Energy – Industrial – Defense • 15+ Standards & Consor)a Efforts – Interoperability – Mul)-‐vendor ecosystems
- 13. RTI IIoT Influence Top 10 Companies Industrial IoT IBM AT&T Cisco GE RTI Consumer IoT Amazon Google Samsung Apple MicrosoQ
- 14. Why is Fog Compu)ng?
- 15. The Internet Didn’t Change Most Industries 1991 2015
- 16. ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc. IT integra)on OT device network Pervasive data availability Elas)c compu)ng Core connec)vity standard (DDS) Industry Terminology
- 17. DataBus Disrup)on: Distributed Architecture Private cloud (fog) Public cloud Raw Image Secure
- 18. What Must Fog Do? What do IIoT systems need from the infrastructure?
- 19. Ensure Reliable Availability • What: Con)nuous opera)on >> 99.999% • How: Easy redundancy, no servers
- 20. Guarantee Real-‐Time Response • What: response < 100us, even with load, complex data types, many flows • How: peer-‐to-‐peer, mul)cast, data path op)miza)on
- 21. Manage Complex Data Flow and State • What: Find and deliver the right informa)on to the right place at the right )me • How: Data centric selec)ve source filtering
- 22. Ease System Integra)on • What: Manage interfaces between teams and modules • How: Explicit interface design, evolu)on, and enforcement
- 23. Control Dataflow • What: Control dataflow between applica)ons to match situa)on • How: Transport independence, Quality of Service (QoS) control, dataflow security ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc.
- 24. How Does This Work? Technology
- 25. Systems are About the Data Data Centricity Defini)on a) The interface is the data. b) The infrastructure understands that data. c) The system manages the data and imposes rules on how applica)ons exchange data. Database Databus Data centric storage and search of old data Data centric sharing and filtering of future data Applica)on Applica)on Message centric Remote Objects SOAs Applica)on Applica)on Data
- 26. Data Centric is the Opposite of OO Object Oriented • Encapsulate data • Expose methods Data Centric • Encapsulate methods • Expose data Explicit Shared Data Model
- 27. The DDS Standard Real-‐Time Analy)cs & Control Operator HMI Sensors Actuators Comms / Cloud Integra)on The Data Distribu)on Service (DDS) is the Proven Data Connec)vity Standard for the IoT Any language, OS Extensive QoS Security Peer-‐to-‐peer Reliable Mul)cast
- 28. DDS is Different! Data-‐Centric DDS Shared Data Model DataBus Point-‐to-‐Point TCP Sockets Client/Server MQTT XMPP OPC CORBA Brokered ESB Daemon Publish/Subscribe Fieldbus CANbus ZeroMQ JMS Queuing AMQP Ac)ve MQ
- 29. Data Centric SoQware Integra)on • Global Data Space – Automa)c discovery – Read & write data in any OS, language, transport – Type Aware – Direct peer-‐to-‐peer – Redundant sources/ sinks/nets • No Servers! • QoS control – Timing, Reliability, Liveliness, Redundancy, Ordering, Filtering, Security Shared Global Data Space DDS DataBus Actua)on Percep)on Planning & Nav Cloud Offer: Write obstacle update 100x/sec Reliable for 10 secs Request: Read obstacle 10x/sec If distance < 200 m && velocity > 10 Obstacle Topic Type QoS Obstacle Topic Type’ QoS’ Vehicle Topic Type QoS Intersec)on Topic Type QoS Obstacle Topic Type QoS
- 30. Secure Dataflow • Dataflow-‐Level Security – Control r,w access to each data item for each func)on – Ensures proper dataflow opera)on • Complete Protec)on – Discovery authen)ca)on – Data-‐centric access control – Cryptography – Tagging & logging – Non-‐repudia)on – Secure mul)cast • No code changes! • Plugin architecture for advanced uses CBM Analysis PMU Control Operator State Alarms SetPoint Topic Security model: • PMU: State(w) • CBM: State(r); Alarms(w) • Control: State(r), SetPoint(w) • Operator: *(r), Setpoint(w)
- 31. Unit DataBus Unit DataBus Take it to Massive Scale • Each level of the hierarchy has – Data model – Discovery – Security domain • System-‐of-‐systems require – Subsystem export control – Data model transla)on – Discovery control Intelligent Machines Intelligent Systems Intelligent Industrial Internet Cloud DataBus Site DataBus Intelligent System of Systems Unit DataBus Sense Act Think HMI Machine DataBus Think HMI Machine DataBus Sense Act Think HMI Machine DataBus
- 32. Unit DataBus System of Systems • Each subsystem at each level has a different global data space • To build a Big System, map data spaces Sense Act Think HMI Machine DataBus Ven)lator Internal: • Gas flow rates, backpressures, feedback, real-‐)me compute • Many readers, writers, dataflow, compute, specs, security controls External: • Only “exported” data • Physiological parameters, pa)ent status • Different schema, QoS • One x.509 ID • Each device looks like a small system • Intelligent compute Key “fog bridge node” component.
- 33. What Must a “Fog Bridge Node” Do? • Bridge – Data models – Protocols – Security domains – Communica)on pa?erns (!) • Isolate subsystems – Control export – Filter access – Translate models – Ease fast discovery • Note – Services can be fully redundant – Conceptual design! Node implementa)on may include many services, compute, etc. Other protocols Rou)ng Service Pluggable Adapters Transforma)on Engine System Super System Subsystem Subsystem Subsystem Subsystem
- 34. A Detailed Example: Smart, Connected Hospitals
- 35. Problem: Mistakes Kill Hospital error is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US
- 36. Pa)ent-‐Controlled Analgesia PCA is widely used, and considered safe… …but 2-‐3 pa)ents die every day in the US from opiate overdose from PCA Figure 2. Pa)ent Controlled Analgesia (PCA) The pa)ent presses a bu?on to receive intravenous pain medica)on. Monitoring is not typically used due to high false/nuisance alarm rate.
- 37. What Can Change This? ECRI Institute identifies alarm hazards as its Top Health Technology Hazard for 2013 Clinicians exposed each day to tens of thousands of alarms Nineteen out of 20 hospitals surveyed rank alarm fatigue as a top patient safety concern Hospital Errors are the Third Leading Cause of Death in U.S., and New Hospital Safety Scores Show Improvements Are Too Slow New research estimates up to 440,000 Americans are dying annually from preventable hospital errors.
- 38. Solu)on: Smart Pa)ent Monitoring Data Bus Supervisory Services Pa)ent Mgmt Device Mgmt Systems Health Interac)on Checking Logging CDS Algorithm #1 Lab Data SPO2 CO2 Pa)ent Hx Infusion Pump Se{ngs IV Pump Control Infusion Pump Measured Values
- 39. CDS Data Architecture Room Domain Central Domain Admin Domain (Cloud) Pa)ent Monitoring Devices Worksta)ons, Storage, Historian Gateway, IX, Enterprise, 3rd Party Rou)ng Service “fog bridge node” Rou)ng Service “fog bridge node”
- 40. CDS System of Systems
- 41. GE Healthcare's IIoT Architecture "GE Healthcare is leveraging the GE Digital Predix architecture to connect medical devices, cloud-based analytics, and mobile and wearable instruments. The future communication fabric of its monitoring technology is based on RTI's data-centric Connext DDS platform.” -‐-‐ Ma? Grubis, Chief Engineer, GE Healthcare's Life Care Solu)ons h?p://www.r).com/mk/webinars.html#GEHEALTHCARE Every fog bridge node routes between data models, QoS, security domains
- 42. ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc.
- 43. ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc. Room or ward domain Rou)ng Service “fog bridge node” Higher-‐level Rou)ng Service “fog bridge node”
- 44. A Detailed Example: Smart, Distributed Power
- 45. Problem: Central Genera)on The Future Power Grid is Distributed
- 46. Goal: Generate more than load Today’s Grid Wastes Solar Power Power Plants Central Sta)on Sub Sta)ons Distributed Load 15-‐min state es)ma)on “Spinning reserves” Balance grid with frequency control Add solar: add uncertainty Need more reserves!
- 47. Varia)on Forces Overgenera)on Spinning Reserves Demand with no solar Demand with solar
- 48. Solu)on: Field Message Bus Power Plants Central Sta)on Sub Sta)ons Distributed Load State es)mates more stable Much lower “spinning reserves” Local loops connect genera)on, load, & ba?ery storage Goal: Generate more than load
- 49. Local Loops & Storage Reduce Spinning Reserves
- 50. Grid Moderniza)on • The OpenFMB (Field Message Bus) architecture integrates solar, wind, and storage into the grid • Dozens of vendors, several u)li)es, and standards organiza)ons are building devices, user interfaces, and analy)cs • DDS powers OpenFMB communica)ons
- 51. Field Message Bus Concept Rou)ng Service “fog bridge node”
- 52. IIC Microgrid Testbed Architecture Goals • Efficiently use solar, wind, & EVs • Create an open marketplace • Prove viability of the databus pa?ern Leads • RTI: DDS middleware and system integra)on • NI: Engineering soQware and hardware • Cisco: Grid communica)ons Phases 1. Proof of Concept at Na)onal Instruments 2. Realis)c simula)on at Southern Cal Edison 3. Live test at CPS Energy San Antonio Grid of the Future
- 53. Modular Applica)on Development A product group within ABB’s Grid Automa)on business unit chose RTI Connext DDS to: – Enable modular substa)on automa)on applica)ons – Significantly reduce the cost of development – Leverage a standards-‐ based commercial product
- 54. Distributed Intelligent Control • Wind turbine farms can include 500 turbines • Gust control across the array requires fast communica)ons with dynamic, selec)ve filtering • DDS enables large, distributed intelligent machines
- 55. Power Cri)cal Infrastructure • DDS controls the 6.8 GW GC Dam – Largest power plant in North America – Fastest-‐responding major power source on the Western Grid • RTI system live since Jan 2014 • USACE deploying across the 80-‐dam US system • Connext DDS met the challenges – Extreme 24x7 availability – Wide area communica)ons – Mul)-‐level rou)ng – High security – 300k data values
- 56. Ultra Available Plant Control Radar Radar Displays Logging Alarming Monitor Interested in many quan))es IPC IPC IPC Segment Bus Redundant Rou)ng fog bridge node IPC IPC IPC Segment Bus IPC IPC IPC Segment Bus VPN/Firewall Local data space VPN/Firewall VPN/Firewall Control Room Bus Control Room Migra)on Server
- 57. A Detailed Example: Autonomous Vehicles
- 58. Problem: Ge{ng There is Dangerous and Slow
- 59. RTI’s Deep Exper)se in Autonomy • Connext DDS enables autonomy – Ensure reliable data availability – Guarantee real-‐)me response – Manage complex data flow and state – Ease system integra)on – Allow any network – Build in security from the start – Make deployment flexible – Ease safety cer)fica)on – Adapt Intelligence – Connect Vehicle/Cloud Systems Founded from Stanford Aerospace Robo)cs Lab
- 60. A New Freedom: Cars -‐> Robot on Wheels • Faster, safer, cheaper, farther, easier • 30% of all US jobs will end or change – Trucking, delivery, traffic control, urban transport, child & elder care, roadside hotels, restaurants, insurance, auto body, law, real estate, leisure • The driverless car is the biggest disrup)on since the horseless carriage
- 61. ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc. Status Feb 2016
- 62. ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc. Status Feb 2016
- 63. Autonomous Driving Status Feb 2016
- 64. Cloud Services Integra)ng Intelligent Components Sensing Planning Radar, LIDAR Vehicle Pla‚orm Naviga)on Error Management Visualiza)on Situa)on Analysis Situa)on Awareness Vision Fusion Cameras, LIDAR, Radar … Data Fusion Logging Vehicle Control Localiza)on DDS Bus Traffic Maps DDS Bus
- 65. ©2016 Real-‐Time Innova)ons, Inc.
- 66. Vehicle/Cloud/Infrastructure Systems Physio-‐Control supplies emergency response medical equipment to 60% of the world’s emergency vehicles "Physio-‐Control is u4lizing RTI Connext DDS to exchange cri4cal pa4ent care informa4on throughout the system of care.“ -‐-‐ Dale Pearson, VP Data Solu)ons We envision a society in which no person dies from acute, treatable medical events
- 67. Is Fog for You?
- 68. What Can You Do with Fog? • Integrate intelligence • Scale • Improve reliability • Enforce security • Enable new business models • Respond to the real world • Integrate many vendors • Prevent human error • Save development costs • Enable system evolu)on • Connect IT to OT • Improve safety • Op)mize resource use • Enable open architecture • Ease system integra)on • Reduce development risk Join the 21st century
- 69. Is Data-‐Centric Fog for You? • Reliability: Severe consequences if offline for 5ms (or 5 min)? • Real-‐)me: measure in ms or µs? • Interface scale: 10+ applica)ons/teams? • Data scale: 1k+ addressable data items? • Architecture: Next genera)on IIoT? 3+ Checks?
- 70. The IIoT Disrup)on The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries Common technology that spans industries brings bold new approaches and enables fast change