1. Echinoderms
(Sea Stars, Sea Urchins,
Sand Dollars, Sea
Cucumbers)

2. General Stuff
• Echinoderms belong to the Phylum
Echinodermata, meaning “hedgehog
skin”.
• Echinoderms have spiny skins.
• They have radial symmetry.
• They lack body segmentation.
• There are more than 5000 species of
Echinoderms.
• Types are sea stars, sea urchins, sea
cucumbers, sand dollars.

3. Digestive System
Digestive system is perfect . Digestive system starts
from the mouth of the position under the surface of
the body. Then passed through the pharynx, the
esophagus, the stomach, then into the intestines, and
the last in the anus. The anus is located on the upper
surface of the body and does not function on some
Echinodermata. In the stomach of this animal has five
branches, each branch leading to the arm. In each
arm of this forked stomach, but it ends nowhere.

4. Respiratory System and
Excretion
Echinodermata breathe using lungs skin or dermal
branchiae (Papulae) the protrusion of the wall of the
body cavity (coelomic) is thin. These protrusions are
protected by the cilia and pediselaria. In part this is
an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. There
are also several types of Echinodermata that
breathes with the tube feet. The remains of
metabolism that occurs in the cells of the body will be
transported by amoebacyte (amoeboid cells) to the
dermal branchiae henceforth be released to the
outside of the body.

5. Reproductive system
Echinoderms have separate sexes, so there
are male and female. Fertilization occurs
outside the body, that is, in sea water. The
fertilized egg will divide rapidly generate
blastula, and later developed into a gastrula.
This gastrula develop into larvae. Larvae also
called bilateral symmetry bipinnaria shaped.
These larvae swim freely in the water looking
for a suitable place to be branchidaria, then
undergo metamorphosis and eventually
become adults

6. Types of Echinoderms

7. Sea Stars- Starfish
• Have radial symmetry.
• Most starfish have 5 “arms”or rays.
• Starfish have tube feet for locomotion, and
strong suction to hold them in place.
• They also have a water vascular system
that enables them to store water in their
tube feet so they can survive while the tide
is out.
• They breathe through small gills in their
skin.
• Their mouths are located on the underside
of their bodies.
• Starfish can regenerate. (must have the
central disc attached).

8. More Starfish Stuff
• Sea Stars are carnivorous, yup, they eat
mostly shellfish, snails, and barnacles.
• They use their tube feet to pry open the
shells and then throw their own stomachs
out into the shell to digest the meat before
it’s brought back into its body!
• There are lots of different types of Sea
Stars, about 2000 different kinds.
• Most Sea Stars have spiny skin.

10. Sea Star Anatomy

11. Sea Urchins
• Sea Urchins look like big pin cushions.
• They use these spines for protection
against predators.
• The spines also act like stilts to keep their
bodies up off the ground so the tube feet
can pull them around!
• They eat mostly algae.
• They live mostly attached to rocky
crevices, which protect them from waves
and tide surges.
• They have become a popular item to eat
and are being harvested in alarming
numbers.

13. Sea Urchin Anatomy

14. Sand Dollars
• Are found on the sandy shore or
muddy bottoms.
• They feed standing on edge with
their tube feet acting as filters.
• The star pattern seen on top of the
sand dollars is actually caused by
special breathing tube feet!
• The mouth is found on the under
side of the animal.

16. Sand Dollar Anatomy

17. Sea Cucumbers
• Sea cucumbers have tentacles at their
mouth openings to grab and hold food.
• They look like snails, but have radial
symmetry and spiny bodies like all other
echinoderms.
• When provoked, or annoyed, Sea
cucumbers throw out their intestines to
entangle, frighten, or confuse their
predator! Then the intestines are
regenerated.They are filter feeders and
have a sticky slime that covers their
tentacles and lets them grab particles
from the ocean floor.
• Sea Cucumbers are considered a delicacy
in Asian cultures.

18. Interesting Stuff
• Some Sea cucumbers are quite
poisonous, and the poison has been used
as an inhibitor of Cancer growth.
• Sea Cucumbers secrete a sticky glue as a
defense mechanism that has been used as
a bandage to bind wounds.
• Sea Cucumbers will stick each tentacle in
their mouths, lick them off and then do the
same with the next one- kind of like you
licking your fingers after eating!

20. Sea Cucumber Anatomy

21. Questions...
• What is the meaning of Spiny skins?
(by : naila zulva /22)
• What is the roles of Echinoderms?
(by : nur hidayatun /23)
• How the reproduction of Echinoderms?
(by : anang nazaruddin /01)

22. Answer
• Spiny skins is the skin that has lot of
spine,and it is made by lime
• The roles of echinoderms are can be used for food source,cracker
mixture,and as a cleaner from organic waste.

23. Continue
• The reproduction of echinoderms is fertilized egg
will divide rapidly generate blastula, and later
developed into a gastrula. This gastrula develop
into larvae. Larvae also called bilateral symmetry
bipinnaria shaped. These larvae swim freely in
the water looking for a suitable place to be
branchidaria, then undergo metamorphosis and
eventually become adults