More Than Just Free, It's Freedom: The Case for OER

More Than Just Free, It’s
Freedom: The Case for OER
Regina Gong, Librarian and OER Project Manager
Lansing Community College @drgong
http://libguides.lcc.edu/oer
Open GVSU Forum
Grand Valley State University, October 22, 2018
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Community Colleges
Open access institutions
College for everyone

What I’ll talk about today
• Open education
• OER
• LCC’s OER Project
• Affordances of OER
• OER efficacy research
• Statewide and national activities
• Q & A and discussion

Contextualizing open education
"open education encompasses resources, tools and practices that
employ a framework of open sharing to improve educational access
and effectiveness worldwide." (Open Education Consortium)
“open education is not limited to just open educational resources. It
also draws upon open technologies that facilitate collaborative,
flexible learning and the open sharing of teaching practices that
empower educators to benefit from the best ideas of their
colleagues.” (The Cape Town Open Education Declaration, 2007,
para. 4).

Source: http://bit.ly/NeumannCCBY

Open Educational Resources (OER)
“Open Educational Resources are teaching, learning and
research materials in any medium – digital or otherwise –
that reside in the public domain or have been released under
an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation
and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions."
~William & Flora Hewlett Foundation

My OER Elevator Pitch
OER are freely available, openly licensed materials
that can be legally downloaded, edited, and shared,
to better serve all students.

All rights reserve
Limits and regulates sharing
Internet enables access, sharing, collaboration
in unprecedented scale, something that
copyright cannot do
Because of the underlying tension between these two opposing forces, and the desire
to legally enable sharing of works, the idea of Creative Commons
came about.

12
Graphic from http://tlinnovations.populr.me/copyright

• Copy
• Mix
• Share
• Keep
• Edit
• Use
The 5Rs:
1. Retain
2. Reuse
3. Revise
4. Remix
5. Redistribute
5Rs: David Wiley, 2014 15

LCC AT A GLANCE
• Founded in 1957 and located in
downtown Lansing
• 26,000 students enrolled/year
• Faculty started using OER in fall
2015 semester
• No grants/stipends/incentives
were offered when we started.
• $500K approved by Board of
Trustees in Fall 2017 semester.

Textbook affordability
Allow faculty exploration and innovation in finding new,
better, and less costly ways to deliver quality learning
materials to students in addition to improved pedagogy.
Goals of the OER Initiative at LCC

Data: Bureau of Labor Statistics 18

http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/freshman-year/college-textbook-prices-have-risen-812-percent-1978-n399926

Source: Florida Virtual Campus: 2016 Student Textbook and Course Materials Survey

Source: Covering the Cost, 2016 t by the Student Public Interest Research Groups (Student PIRGs)
www.studentpirgs.org/textbooks
High textbook prices have a disproportionate
impact on students at community college

2012 2016
63.6% 66.5% Not purchase the required text
49.2% 47.6% Take fewer courses
45.1% 45.5% Not register for a specific course
33.9% 37.6% Earn a poor grade
26.7% 26.1% Drop a course
17.0% 19.8% Fail a course
In your academic career, has the cost of
required textbooks caused you to:
Source: Florida Virtual Campus: 2016 Student Textbook and Course Materials Survey

OER and Open Learning are
two of the ongoing
competitiveness and
innovation projects in the
2017-2020 LCC Strategic
Plan.

So what are we using
here at LCC?

BIOL 127 – Cell Biology
BIOL 128 – Organismal Biology
BIOL 270 - Human Genetics
PSYC 200 – Intro to Psychology
ECON 201 –Microeconomics
ECON 201 – Macroeconomics
BIOL 201– Human Anatomy BIOL 121 – Biol Foundations for
Physiology
PHYS 200 – Intro Physics
w/Applications

HIST 211 - U.S. History to 1877
HIST 212 - U.S. History: 1877 to Present
ENG 121 – Composition I

Open Textbooks by LCC Faculty
https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/BookDetail.aspx?bookId=457
4.5-star reviews
Dr. Matthew Van Cleave, Philosophy faculty
Intro to Logic and Critical Thinking (PHIL 151)
Adopted by faculty at:
• Long Beach City College
• The City University of New York
• West Shore Community College
• Humboldt State University
• Ohio University
• Alexandria Technical and Community
College
• and more….

Dr. Mark Kelland, Psychology faculty
Personality Theory: A Multicultural Perspective
https://www.oercommons.org/courses/personality-
theory-a-multicultural-perspective
Open Textbooks by LCC Faculty
Tao of Positive Psychology
https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/19643-
tao-of-positive-psychology

Coming soon
OPEN ESL
textbooks
Foreign
Language OER
– German,
French, Spanish
Intro to
Philosophy
Public Speaking

Let’s look at our adoption
figures

OER Adoptions at LCC
5 10
4
14 16 12
27 26 22
49
11
23
6
101 100
33
150 154
60
299
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Fall 2015 Spring 2016 Summer 2016 Fall 2016 Spring 2017 Summer 2017 Fall 2017 Spring 2018 Summer 2018 Fall 2018
Courses and Sections Using OER
Courses Using OER Sections Using OER

OER Adoptions at LCC
5
12
4
46 48
26
74 75
41
136
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Faculty Using OER

Students Impacted by OER
317
540
129
2,825
2,558
724
3,724 3,711
1,177
5,989
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Students Enrolled

Textbook Costs Savings
$31,700
$54,000
$12,900
$282,500
$255,800
$72,400
$293,200 $371,100
$117,700
$598,900
$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
Total Textbook Savings ($100/student)

$2.2M
Photo by Fabian Blank on Unsplash

But do we just swap publisher
textbooks with OER and call it
a day?

If all we can say about OER is
that it saves students money
then we have a problem.

• McGraw-Hill Education, Wiley, VitalSource and RedShelf use the term
inclusive access.
• Macmillan calls its digital discount program Macmillan Learning
Ready.
• Pearson referred to the model as both ALL-INclusive and Digital
Direct Access.
• Unizin dubbed it the All Students Acquire model.
• Follett named its platform includED, and Barnes & Noble College
uses the term First Day.
• The Mizzou Store at the University of Missouri calls it AutoAccess.
• San Diego State University calls Immediate Access.
• Hinds (Miss.) Community College calls it Instant Access.

Why are we trusting the
companies who created the
problem to solve the
problem?

Photo by Sharon McCutcheon on Unsplash

Open education and open
educators have the power to
transform higher education
Affordability
Access
Student Success
Teaching and Learning

OER Efficacy Research
•Studies show that students assigned OER have
lower withdrawal and drop rates;
•More likely to pass with a C or better;
•Higher persistence and retention rates.

COUP
framework
Cost
Outcomes
Use
Perceptions

Research Study Background
Compared publisher textbook use (AY 2015-2016)
vs. open textbook use (AY 2016-2017)
We eliminated the confounding variable of the
instructor

Study Population Summary
Control/
Treatment
No. of Faculty No. of
Sections
No. of
Students
Control (2015-
2016 academic
year)
46 126 3,726
Treatment (2016
-2017 academic
year)
46 113 2,876
Total 92 239 6,602

Outcomes
• Is there a significant difference in PSYC 200, ECON
201, and ECON 202 student grades when comparing a
faculty member using or not using an open textbook?
201, and ECON 202 course withdrawal rates when
comparing a faculty member using or not using an
open textbook?
201, and ECON 202 persistence rates when comparing
a faculty member using or not using an open
textbook?
201, and ECON 202 retention rates when comparing a
faculty member using or not using an open textbook?
•

Research Results
• Our recent analysis that looked at 2 academic years,
demonstrated no significance between OER and non-
OER student success rates.
• The only rate we are seeing a higher average is in
college retention. Our 2 year analysis shows OER
students at about 1.5% higher retention rate
• BUT This is not currently a significant difference.
• Need to take a look at our longitudinal data to show this
relationship.

Forthcoming paper
An Analysis of Cost, Outcomes, Use, and
Perceptions in a Multi-Section Adoption of
Open Textbooks in Introductory
Psychology and Economics Courses
Regina Gong and Karen Hicks
Lansing Community College

We can improve teaching and
learning with OER.
Open educational practices
Open pedagogy

Open educational practices (OEP)
“collaborative practices that include the creation,
use, and reuse of OER, as well as pedagogical
practices employing participatory technologies and
social networks for interaction, peer-learning,
knowledge creation, and empowerment of
learners.” (Catherine Cronin, 2017)

https://openamlit.pressbooks.com/

Students as Creators: Open Pedagogy
Example from Art Wohlwill’s BIOL 270 Class

https://facultypatchbook.wordpress.com/

https://www.oercommons.org/hubs/open-educational-practice

How can we scale OER
usage and adoptions across
more courses?

OER Award Program @ LCC
Semester/Yr
Implementation
Total
Applications
Received
Total
Applications
Approved
No. of
Faculty
Awarded
No. of
Courses
Using OER
Amount
Awarded to
Faculty
Anticipated
Savings (AY)
Fall 2018 14 12 29 14 $44,800 $517,261
Spring 2019 22 15 46 14 $87,300 $696,239
Summer 2019 1 1 2 1 $3,000 $47,250
Fall 2019 5 4 14 4 $22,500 $322,632
Total 42 32 91 33 $157,600 $1,583,382

$157,600 total
awarded
Photo by Vitaly on Unsplash
$1.5M savings

OER Award Program
Faculty Kick-off Training

Our goal is to
have the top 20
or 25 of our
high enrollment
courses use
OER

Three-year partnership with Lumen
Learning from March 2018 to June 2021

down arrow by Misha from the Noun Project
Move Up by ImageCatalog from the Noun Project
Circle by Xinh Studio from the Noun Project
Our Success

David Wiley, Lumen Learning
Nicole Finkbeiner, OpenStax
Nicole Allen, SPARC
Una Daly, CCCOER
Quill West, Pierce College
Lisa Young, Maricopa Millions
Preston Davis, NVCC

Our students are getting
involved.

Student
Panel at the
LCC OER
Summit
May 9, 2018

Intellectual Property Policy
• Completely rewritten and approved by the Board of
Trustees in January 2018
• Ownership now belongs to faculty
• Meant to complement our OER initiative
• There are a few exceptions (work for hire; defined
“substantial” use of College resources)

OER Publishing Platform
•StarPress - PressBooks and H5P sites
•Open pedagogy and open practices

OER Communication Strategy
•Worked with GMMB, a PR firm in
Washington, to support LCC in our
communications campaign.
•Regular press coverage—print, TV, and
other media
•Op-ed written by Regina came out July
2018

Many good things
happening statewide on
OER

http://www.mccvlc.org/~staff/content.cfm?ID=294

Partnerships with MI community colleges
• Out of the 28 cc in MI, 15 have an OER initiative
• Combined savings of $8M since fall 2016
• Each college has a representative in the MCO
Steering Committee
• Annual OER Summits
• Webinars and faculty dialogues

MI OER SUMMIT 2017 with Dr. Robin DeRosa as keynote

MI OER SUMMIT 2018 with Dr. Chris Gilliard as keynote speaker

https://www.oercommons.org/hubs/mco

More exciting news
• OER State Policy and Implementation Summit for Midwestern
Higher Education Compact (MHEC) states.
• MHEC is a legislatively-created agreement among the 12
Midwestern states to work together to further higher education
within the region. The member states of the Compact are: Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
• Attendees will form a state OER action team which will assess the
current scope and level of OER usage in their respective states and
craft a plan to coordinate OER efforts within their states.

What can we do to work together?
How can community colleges and
universities forge partnerships to
better serve our students?

Photo by Álvaro Serrano on Unsplash
Questions?
Regina Gong –
gongr1@lcc.edu
@drgong

More Than Just Free, It's Freedom: The Case for OER

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