Nick and Derek's socials project.

1. By: Nick F. And Derek Kim

3. Greek Timeline
 8000 BCE
 Mesolithic Period
(8300-7000)
 Earliest evidence of burials found in Franchthi Cave in the Argolid,
Greece 7250 BCE

 Evidence of food producing economy, simple hut construction, and
seafaring in mainland Greece and the Aegean 7000 BCE
 Neolithic Period
(7000-3000 BCE)
 First "Megaron House" at Sesclo, in central Greece 5700 BCE

 Evidence of earliest fortifications at Dimini, Greece 3400 BCE

 Houses of Vasiliki and Myrtos
Messara Tholoi
House of Tiles at Lerna

4.  3000 BCE
 Aegean Bronze Age
or Early Bronze Age
(3000-2000)
 Minoan Prepalatial
or: EMIA, EMIB (3000-2600 BCE)
 Early Cycladic Culture
(3200-2000)
 Early Helladic Period
(3000-2000)

 2600 BCE
 Minoan Prepalatial Period
or: EMIIA, EMIIB, MMIII
(2600-2000 BCE)

 Destruction of Minoan settlements 2000 BCE
 Minoan Protopalatial Period
or: MMIA, MMIB, MMI IA, MMI IB, MMI IIA, MMI IIB, LMIA Early
(1900-1700 BCE)
 Early Middle Cycladic (2000-1600 BCE)
 Middle Helladic Period
or Middle Bronze Age
(2000-1550)

 Destruction of Minoan palaces
Settlement of Akrotiri, Thera
Grave Circle B at Mycenae 1700 BCE
 Minoan Neopalatial Period
or: LMIA Advanced, LMIA Final, LMIB Early, LMIB Late, LMII
(1700-1400)

 Eruption of Thera volcano (sometime between 1627 and 1600) 1627 BCE

5.  Grave Circle A at Mycenae
Legends: Argo Voyage, Heracles, Oedipus 1600 BCE
 Late Bronze Period
or The Heroic Age
(1600-1100) Tholos Tomb at Mycenae 1550 BCE
 Late Helladic Period
(1500-1100)
 Linear B writing (1450-1180) 1450 BCE
 Mycenaean Palaces
Evidence of expanded Mycenaean trade at Levand 1400 BCE
 Minoan Postpalatial Period
or: LMIIIA1, LMIIIA2, LMIIIB, LMIIIC
(1400-1100)

 Palace of Knossos destruction 1370 BCE

 "Sea Peoples" begin raids in the Eastern Mediterranean 1300 BCE
 Mycenaean Culture
(1300-1000)
 Trojan War (1250 or 1210)
1250 BCE

 Destruction of many Mycenaean palaces
Doric Invasions? (1200-1100)
Sea Peoples (1200-1100) 1200 BCE

6.  1180 BCE
 Sub-Mycenaean Period
(1180-1050) Destruction of Miletus and resettlement 1100 BCE
 Sub-Minoan Period
(1150-950)
 Dark Age of Greece
(1100-700)
 Proto-Geometric Period
(1100-900)

 End of Mycenaean civilization
Lefkandi: Toumba building 1000 BCE

 900 BCE
 Geometric Period
(900-700)


 First Olympic Games 776 BCE

 Greek colonies established in Southern Italy & Sicily
Invention of Greek alphabet
Homeric poems recorded in writing (750-700) 750 BCE
 Late Geometric
(circa 760-700)
 740 BCE Orientalizing Period
(circa 740-650)
 First Messenian War
Sparta invades Messenia
(730-710)
Naxos founded (734)
Syracuse founded (733) 730 BCE

7.  700 BCE
 Archaic Period
(700-480)
 Earliest Lyric Poets 650 BCE

 Second Messenian War
Sparta invades Messenia (640-630)
Cyrene founded (630) 640 BCE

 Sappho born in Lesbos 630 BCE

 Thales (625-545) born in Miletos 625 BCE

 Pythagoras (ca. 569-475) born in Samos 569 BCE

 Solon replaces the Draconian law in Athens and lays the foundation for Democracy.
He introduced to Athens the first coinage and a system of weights and measures 594 BCE

 Pisistratos becomes tyrant of Athens 546 BCE

 Pesistratos Dies. His sons become tyrants of Athens 527 BCE

 Red-figure pottery developed in Athens 525 BCE

 Alcmaeonid family and Spartans free Athens from tyranny.
Introduction of Democracy in Athens 510 BCE

 Kleisthenes begins reforming Athenian code of laws, and establishes a democratic constitution 508
BCE

8.  Ionian revolt 499 BCE

 Ionian revolt defeated by Persians 494 BCE

 Persian Wars 497-479 BCE

 Battle of Marathon
Athenians defeat Darius and his Persian army 490 BCE

 Silver mines discovered near Athens.
Athens begin building naval fleet 483 BCE

 Aristides ostracized 482 BCE

 Xerxes marches on Greece
Battle of Thermopylae
Persians burn the Acropolis
Athens and allies defeat Persian fleet at naval battle of Salamis 480 BCE
 Classical Period
(480-323 )
 Transitional (480-450)

 Battle of Plataea
Greeks defeat Persian army 479 BCE

 Delian league lead by Athens 477 BCE

 Earthquake in Lakonia
Helot revolt against Sparta in Messenia 465 BCE

9.  Peloponnesian Wars:
"First Peloponnesian War" 461-445
 Perikles leads Athens through its "Golden Era" (ca. 460-429) 460 BCE

 Aeschylus produces "the Oresteia" trilogy of tragedies (Agamemnon, Libation Barers, Eumenides)
in Athens
458 BCE

 Delian league treasury moved from Delos to Athens 454 BCE

 Sophist Protagoras visits Athens 450 BCE

 Acropolis and other major building projects begin in Athens
Construction of Parthenon (449-432)
Sophocles produces the tragedy "Ajax" 449 BCE

 Thirty-year peace treaty signed between Athens and Sparta in winter 446/445 446 BCE

 Sophocles produces "Antigone" in Athens 430-429 441 BCE

 Peloponnesian War (431-404) resumes
Euripedes produces "Medea" in Athens
431 BCE

 Plague epidemic in Athens 430 BCE

 Death of Perikles 429 BCE

 Peace of Nicias 421 BCE

10.  Construction of Temple of Athena Nike (420-410) 420 BCE

 Athenians resume hostilities
Spartans defeat Athens at Mantinea 418 BCE

 Athens razes Melos 416 BCE

 Athens expedition to Syracuse
Alcibiades defects to Sparta 415 BCE

 Syracuse defeats Athens 413 BCE

 Aristophanes produces "Lysistrata" 411 BCE

 Athens surrenders to Sparta
Thirty tyrants rule Athens 404 BCE

 Democracy restored in Athens 403 BCE

 Trial and execution of Socrates 399 BCE

 Plato establishes the Athens Academy 380 BCE

 Sparta defeated in Leuctra 371 BCE

 Thebes defeats Sparta at Mantinea 362 BCE

 Philip II, becomes King of Macedonia 359 BCE

 Macedonian army defeats Athens and its allies at Chaeronea
League of Corinth founded 338 BCE

11.  Phillip II Assassinated.
Alexander the Great becomes king of Macedonia 336 BCE

 Aristotle founds the Lyceum in Athens 335 BCE

 Alexander the Great defeats Persian army at Granicus river in Anatolia 334 BCE

 Alexander the Great defeats Persians at Issus 333 BCE

 Tyre capitulates to Alexander after siege 332 BCE

 Alexander invades Egypt
City of Alexandria founded in Egypt
Alexander defeats Persians at Gaugamela 331 BCE

 Alexander's army reaches Bactria (Afghanistan) 329 BCE

 Alexander marries Roxane (princes of Bactria) 327 BCE

 Alexander's army reaches India 326 BCE

 Death of Alexander the Great 323 BCE
 Hellenistic Period
(323-146)
 Aristotle dies 322 BCE

 Stoic philosopher Zeno founds school in Athens 310 BCE

 Stoic philosopher Epicurus founds school in Athens 307 BCE

12.  Ptolemy I founds museum in Alexandria 300 BCE

 Archimedes (287-212) born in Syracuse 287 BCE

 Achaean League founded 284 BCE

 Invasion of Greece by Gauls 279 BCE

 Gauls defeated by king Attalus I 238 BCE

 First Macedonian War (214-204)
Rome defeats Philip V of Macedon 214 BCE

 Second Macedonian War (200-196)
Victory of Flamininus at Cynoscephalae 200 BCE

 Third Macedonian War (172-168/7)
Lucius Aemelius Paulus of Rome defeats Perseus of Macedon at Pydna.
Macedonia divided into four republics 172 BCE

 Roman Invasion of Greece
Mummius Achaicus sacks Corinth and dissolves the Achaean league.
Rome rules Greece henceforth 146 BCE
 Late Hellenistic or Greco-Roman (146-30)

 Romans lead by Sulla sack Athens 86 BCE

 Battle of Aktion
Octavian (later Augustus) defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra 31 BCE

 Death of Cleopatra
30 BCE
 End of "Ancient Greece" period

13. Information
Something the Greeks are known for is
the Parthenon. It is the temple of Athena
Parthenos ("Virgin"), Greek goddess of
wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The
Parthenon was built in the 5th century
BC, and has sustained a lot of damage
but still stands. Another thing they are
known for is fighting. Especially the
Spartans.

14. Social Structure
The Greeks had a large social
structure.

15. Housing
 Ancient Greek houses were one of the best in the olden time because it was a strong country before.
Most of them were built of clay bricks or stones, although some houses were made of wood. The roofs
of the Greek houses were covered with reeds or tiles. Rich people and poor people had different types
of houses. The houses of the riches generally had one or two stories, including a kitchen, a room for
bathing and additional rooms as a sitting area, dining and even orgy's room.
 Most Greeks, like most other people lived in families with a mother and a father and their children.
Usually men got married when they were about twenty-five or thirty years old (as they do today), but
women got married much younger, between twelve and sixteen years old. The typical ancient Greek
house was a place where the man of the family was proud to live. Within the walls of the house, no
one could treat him with any form of disrespect at any possible time. The house was the heart of the
man, in which he had no choice but to protect it and its living and non-living contents. Because of this
men got very worried when they were sent away from there house because of wok or war.
http://www.flickr.com/photo
s/andreamottastockimages/
3749501580/

17. Food
 The Greek diet consisted of foods that were easily raised in the rocky terrain of
Greece’s landscape. Breakfast was eaten just after sunrise. Lunch was like breakfast
with some extra food added to it. Supper was the main meal of each day. It was eaten
near sunset. It consisted of vegetables, fruit, fish, and possibly honey cakes. Sugar was
unknown to ancient Greeks, so natural honey was used as a sweetener. Fish was the
main source of protein in the Greek diet. Beef was very expensive, so it was rarely
eaten. Beef and pork were only available to poor people during religious festivals. It
was during the festivals that cows or pigs were sacrificed to the gods, and the meat
was cooked and handed out to the public. Wine was the main drink in ancient Greece.
It was watered down; to drink it straight was considered barbaric. Milk was rarely drunk,
because again, it was considered barbaric. Milk was used for cheese production. Water
was another possible choice as a drink. The Greeks did not have any eating utensils,
so they ate with their hands. Vegetables, legumes, and fruit were the mainstay, and fish
was a favorite.
 http://greekfood.about.com/od/quenstionsanswers/f/ancientfood.htm
http://www.flickr
http://www.flickr.com .com/photos/ka
/photos/khan_tando nad_sanyal/42
ori/2278270817/ 5033421/

19. Marriage
 Marriages in ancient Greece were arranged by the parents of
http://ancienthistory.ab
the intended bride and groom. A financial arrangement was out.com/od/women1/p/
made between the families in the form of a dowry. Girls married GreekMarriage.htm
between the ages of fourteen to eighteen, while typically men
married in their twenties or even thirties. Spartan men continued
to live in the barracks, even after the wedding, until they http://www.historyforki
reached the age of thirty when they could move home with their ds.org/learn/greeks/pe
wives. Priests did not direct weddings in ancient Greece. ople/family.htm
Instead, a set of rituals was followed, after which the couple
would live together. The rituals started with baths. The groom
then would go to the bride’s house in a chariot or a cart. A feast
may be held at the bride’s father’s house, after which the groom
would take his bride back to his parents’ house. They were
greeted at the door by the groom’s parents and led to the
hearth. There they were showered with nuts and fruit. The
couple then retired to their bedroom. For the wife to be fully
accepted into the groom’s family, a child had to be conceived
from their union. Divorces were easily arranged. The man
would have to pay back, in cash, the remaining dowry money to
his wife’s parents. Divorces were granted on many grounds; for
example, if the wife could not bear children. When a wife
committed adultery, divorce was legally required. Greek men
did not discuss with others their wives or other female relatives.
They dared not even give their names outside their close family
circle. They did not want to attract unwanted attention from
unrelated males.

20. Childbirth Practice


21. Childhood http://library.thinkquest
 Babies born in ancient Greece often had a difficult time surviving. Many died in the
first couple days of life; therefore, babies did not receive names until the seventh or .org/CR0210200/ancie
tenth day of life. If a baby was born deformed, it might have been abandoned on a
mountain (female babies were abandoned more often than males). Sometimes nt_greece/daily_life.ht
abandoned babies were rescued and brought up as slaves by another family. In m
some Greek cities, children were wrapped up in cloths until they were about two
years old to insure straight and strong limbs. Other city-states, such as Sparta, did
not do this to their children. Children spent the majority of their time with their mother.
They stayed in the women’s part of the house. While they were being raised, girls
would receive their entire education and training in the home with their mothers.
Boys, on the other hand, might learn their father’s trade or go to school around the
age of seven. In Sparta, seven-year-old boys were taken to the barracks by the city
and raised. They were trained in the military and were not allowed to leave the
barracks until age thirty. Many toys, similar to current day toys, have been found in
archeological sites. Dolls, rattles, tops, swings, and many other items have been
unearthed. As is common today, those from richer families had a greater assortment
of toys, while those from poorer families were expected to work for the family at a
much younger age. Evidence also shows that Greeks kept pets such as dogs, pigs,
tortoises, and caged birds. Girls reached puberty at ages twelve or thirteen, at which
point they were considered adults and could marry. Girls took their childhood toys
and left them at the temple of Artemis. This signaled that their childhood was over
and that they were becoming adults. After marrying, the women were expected to
have a baby. Not being able to bear children was seen as curse from the gods. At
age eighteen, boys in several ancient Greek cities were required to join the army for
two years of service. Many cities required males to reach the age of thirty before they
were able to participate in city politics.

23. Education
 Children in most of ancient Greece started their education at age seven. In Sparta,
boys were given military training from ages seven to around twenty to prepare them for
service in the army. Girls also were required to train physically. They believed strong
women produced strong babies. In Athens, poor children did not go to school. They
were needed around their homes to help their family make a living. Middle-class boys
might go to school for only three to four years. For their lessons, the students used a
wax-covered board with a stylus to carve out letters in the wax. When completed, the
wax was smoothed over again and reused. The subjects they learned were reading,
writing, basic math, music, and physical training. At the age of eighteen, most boys
were required to join the army for two years of training. After military training, boys from
wealthy families studied under a sophist. Known as a “wisdom seller,” a sophist
charged a fee to teach subjects such as public speaking or rhetoric. In Athens and
other democracies, public speaking and persuasion were highly prized skills.
http://www.crystalinks.co
m/greekeducation.html

25. Poseidon
 Poseidon was the god of the sea, earthquakes and horses. Although he was officially
one of the supreme gods of Mount Olympus, he spent most of his time in his watery
domain. Poseidon was brother to Zeus and Hades. These three gods divided up
creation. Zeus was ruler of the sky, Hades had dominion of the Underworld and
Poseidon was given all water, both fresh and salt. Although there were various rivers
personified as gods, these would have been technically under Poseidon's sway.
Similarly, Nereus, the Old Man of the Sea, wasn't really considered on a par with
Poseidon, who was known to drive his chariot through the waves in unquestioned
dominance.
http://www.flickr.c
http://en.wikipe om/photos/34625
dia.org/wiki/Po 520@N00/46340
seidon 6192/

27. Art, Music
 Ancient Greek art is mainly in five forms: architecture, sculpture, painting,
painted pottery, and music. Greek music includes the lyre, pipes, and
singing, and around 500 BC gradually developed branches like Greek plays
(which always involved music) and Greek philosophy, which tried to figure
out how music and numbers related to each other. Architecture includes
houses, religious buildings like temples and tombs, and public building like
city walls, theaters, stadia, and stoas. Sculpture includes small figurines and
life-size statues, but also relief sculptures which were on the sides of
buildings, and also tombstones. We have very little Greek painting from the
Classical period; most of what we have is from the Bronze Age. The
paintings were painted on walls, as decoration for rooms, like murals or
wallpaper. On the other hand, we have a good deal of painted pottery from
all periods of Greek history.
http://en.wikipedia. http://www.flickr.com/phot
org/wiki/Art_in_anc os/45842649@N06/43726
ient_Greece 55739/

29. Conclusion